• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2011

QoS(Quality of Service) is defined as "The collective effect of service performance which determines the degree of satisfaction of a user of the service" by ITU-T Rec. E.800. While the use of VoIP(Voice Over Internet Protocol) has been widely implemented, persistent problems with QoS are a very important sue which needs to be solved. This research is finding the assignment of VoIP QoS to deduct how to manage the control system and presenting the QoS control process and framework under NGN(Next Generation Network) environment. The trial framework is the modeling of the QoS measurement metrics, instrument, equipment, method of measurement, the series of cycle & the methodology about analysis of the result of measurement. This research underlines that the vulnerability of the VoIP protocol in relation to its QoS can be guaranteed when the product quality and management are controlled and measured systematically. Especially it's very important time to maintain the research about VoIP QoS measurement and control because the big conversion of new network technology paradigm is now spreading. In addition, when the proposed method is applied, it can reduce an overall delay and can contribute to improved service quality, in relation to signal, voice processing, filtering more effectively.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-50
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• 2010

This study is that the manufacturer's sales policy power appeared on the source of local distributors through the sale willingness impact on research for coexistence between the manufacturer and dealer sales for developing policy. Dealers in terms of the sale of regional sales willingness says "manufacturers and retailers to connect to the regional distribution on the path to regional sales representative for manufacturers based on trust companies that supply products or products manufactured by local retailers for about a unilateral will sale whether the continued willingness and indicates the degree of business". This study topics are the results of this measure will sell a total of 24 entries are four factors. In variety sales policy of each power source, First, sales policy in Reward Power, compensatory power as the manager of promotion support, sales support and sales activities will significantly impact respectively. Second, sales policy of Coercive Power, reduction of credit limits act as an element of discontent and the sales will appear in the negative hypothesis of the influence was partially supported. Third, sales policy in Referent Power, the information trust, the most significantly impact of trade policy, respectively. Fourth, sales policy in Professional Power, delay time delivery of goods, sales of our product and sales knowledge will have a significantly effect appear to be related.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2014

The number of reported traumatic injuries has been increasing in recent years, particularly that of dental trauma in children and adolescents. While the risks associated with dental trauma in this population have been increasingly realized, domestic reports on this issue seem to be insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental trauma and to evaluate the relevant risk factors and the level of self-recognition. 1,371 adolescents attending middle schools at Yangsan were surveyed via clinical examination and questionnaire; the results were as follows: According to the clinical examination, the overall prevalence of dental trauma was 16.8% with preponderance of males (19.2%) compared to females (13.7%) (p < 0.05). The average number of injured teeth per adolescent with a history of trauma was 1.34. Comparing the prevalence, maxillary central incisors and enamel fracture occupied the highest ranks by tooth type and mode of trauma, respectively. Class II division 1 malocclusion and overjet exceeding 8.0 mm were identified as significant risk factors (p < 0.05). The degree of self-recognition of dental trauma showed a low coincidence rate compared with results of the clinical examination. Males expressed a higher level of satisfaction toward the results of treatment for dental trauma than females (p < 0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.578-592
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• 2001

Based on a survey sample of farm households in three provinces of Korea, this article reports the perspectives of fuel-time farmers regarding trade liberalization, its effects on their lives, and the future of small-scale farming. While the agricultural sector is being transformed under neoliberal policies, farmers, with life or no preparation for a global market order, are forced to modernize their farming operations. The findings from the survey indicate that farmers accede to terms of global integration in principle while disapproving state rural policies in practice. The survey data also confirm that intra-regional differences in farmers'perceived satisfaction with living conditions, government farm policies, and socio-economic/labor issues. Disparities in the degree of discontent with government policies and socio-economic well-being are explicit between the relatively diversified region of Kyonggi Province and the farming-dependent regions of Chunbuk and Kyongbuk Provinces. The overall findings uphold that most farmers who have not been fully exposed to free market mechanisms are confronted by increased uncertainties and economic hardships. The findings propound that agricultural/rural policies need to reflect long-term, macroeconomic changes, and regionally/locally-based agricultural structure.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

This study rehabilitation assistive technology system for people with disabilities employed by a company in the field of occupations and job satisfaction have adapted to, and for the rehabilitation assistive technology support(rehabilitation assistive technology hardware and the software) and service quality based on the quality of convenient for employees to work life by analyzing the factors that can act on adaptation employees on behavioral intentions was to determine the overall impact. Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon companies based in vocational education and training received in the employment of the disabled subject questionnaires were distributed, and finally 594 valid questionnaires were minor. In order to test the hypothesis SEM(structural equation model) were used, the results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, rehabilitation assistive technology hardware quality of the quality of rehabilitation assistive technology software affected. Second, rehabilitation assistive technology software quality on the quality of the service quality affected. Third, rehabilitation assistive technology hardware quality on the quality of the service quality affected. Fourth, quality of service, the quality of the adaptation of action for employees affected also. Fifth, rehabilitation assistive technology software for adaptive quality of the employees also had an impact on behavior. Sixth, rehabilitation assistive technology hardware to adapt the quality of the employees affected. And parameters (quality of service quality) influenced to as indirect effects. The results of this study support the rehabilitation assistive technology and rehabilitation assistive technology hardware and software) based, quality of service and quality of fused form acceptable to, the degree of action for employees to adapt more implications that may affect have provided.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.1637-1648
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• 2004

When digital libraries are developed by the traditional client/sever system using a single agent on the distributed environment, several problems occur. First, as the search method is one dimensional, the search results have little relationship to each other. Second, the results do not reflect the user's preference. Third, whenever a client connects to the server, users have to receive the certification. Therefore, the retrieval of documents is less efficient causing dissatisfaction with the system. I propose a new platform of mobile multiagents for a personal digital library to overcome these problems. To develop this new platform I combine the existing DECAF multiagents platform with the Voyager mobile ORB and propose a new negotiation algorithm and scheduling algorithm. Although there has been some research for a personal digital library, I believe there have been few studies on their integration and systemization. For searches of related information, the proposed platform could increase the relationship of search results by subdividing the related documents, which are classified by a supervised neural network. For the user's preference, as some modular clients are applied to a neural network, the search results are optimized. By combining a mobile and multiagents platform a new mobile, multiagents platform is developed in order to decrease a network burden. Furthermore, a new negotiation algorithm and a scheduling algorithm are activated for the effectiveness of PDS. The results of the simulation demonstrate that as the number of servers and agents are increased, the search time for PDS decreases while the degree of the user's satisfaction is four times greater than with the C/S model.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.111-121
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• 2014

Objectives: In this study, perception of body image, eating attitudes and weight control were examined by the degree of obesity using Body Mass Index (BMI). Methods: Out of 420 questionnaires distributed to the female middle school students (aged 12-16 years), 407 were returned (97% response rate) and 395 were analyzed (94% analysis rate). Female students were divided into two groups based on the BMI percentile using the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. (1) normal weight ($5^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ BMI < $85^{th}$ percentile) (2) obese ($85^{th}$ percentile ${\leq}$ BMI) by 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. Satisfaction of self-body shape, risk of disturbed eating attitudes (Eating Attitude Test : EAT-26), and weight control behaviors were examined. Results: Distribution of the subjects by BMI was 74.5% of normal and 25.5% of obese. There were significant differences between self-perceived current body image and self-perceived ideal body image. The dissatisfaction of body image was higher in obese than in normal groups (p<0.001). 51.4% of female students were unsatisfied with their body image, while 2.6% were very satisfied. Among the students unsatisfied with their body image, 150 (52.1%) were of normal weight and 48 (49.4%) were obese. EAT-26 total scores were significantly higher in the obese group ($16.42{\pm}8.23$) compared with normal group ($13.72{\pm}8.10$) (p<0.01). Attempted to weight control were significantly different by the BMI (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study concludes that there was desire to become thinner than current status in female students, even those with normal BMI. Many female students were dissatisfied with their body image and attempted to lose weight. It is harmful to their health and nutritional status if they choose undesirable methods. These findings suggested that there are needs to encourage female students for maintaining healthy weight. A higher score of EAT-26 was associated with dissatisfaction of selfbody image and this may lead to unhealthy behaviors in obese female students.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.787-794
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• 2010

Recently, with sudden increase of supplying rate of cars and quantity of goods transported, traffic noisy becomes one of important factors obstruct environment of exhibition and view facilities have purpose in calmness and unsatisfaction about this is high now. Therefore, in case of exhibition and view facilities, it has to be grasped that satisfaction degree about the noisy in and out of the exhibition room by performing effect valuation on traffic noisy from design step. However the level of internal noise cannot be measured at the design phrase of the structure due to the noise of traffic. Up until now a walls transmission loss, based on the law of mass, is predicted using this method. However measuring the internal sound level after actual construction reveals that there is a large difference from measurements made at the design stage, and it is very difficult to find a solution after the opening of the structure. From research looking from this perspective the internal sound level was predicted- calculating the internal sound absorption ability, using acoustic simulation and loss prevention of an insulated wall- based on data collected to evaluate the internal sound of an exhibition room at a Folk Museum adjacent to a freeway. The results of this research are considered to provide important data for the prediction of internal sound level at the time of construction of exhibition facilities similar to this.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.669-673
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• 2011

Purpose: The authors have conducted a series of anatomic studies on the factors affecting shape of a lower vault in Asian noses. The results of the studies showed that prominence of alar lobule is mainly affected by the volumes of the dilator naris anterior and posterior muscles and the insertions of the dilator naris posterior muscles. However, information on its clinical availability is yet insufficient. The present study was undertaken for clinical purpose to find out the effect of dilator naris muscle resection on the correction of prominent alar lobule. Methods: Six patients who were treated by dilator naris muscle resection with a long-term follow-up of more than 1 year were involved in this study. Rhinoplasties were performed via endonasal approaches with resecting dilator naris anterior and posterior muscles by sharp scissor. The effect of the dilator naris muscle resection on alar prominence was investigated by measuring ratio of the short axis to the long axis of a nostril (SA/LA) pre-and postoperatively. The visual analog scale (VAS) was also used to evaluate satisfaction of patients. An average follow-up time was $15.6{\pm}3.7$ months. Results: Having lost the dilating and lateral pulling effects of the dilator naris muscles, the alar lobule shifted medially and alar lobule shapes improved. SA/LA significantly improved (preoperatively $0.71{\pm}0.11$ and postoperatively $0.58{\pm}0.08$; $p$ <0.05). The VAS score was also increased postoperatively (preoperatively $3.2{\pm}1.8$ and postoperatively $8.7{\pm}1.2$; $p$ <0.05). A mild degree of hyperpigmented scar was noted in one alar lobule. Otherwise, there was no case of postoperative complication. Conclusion: Our results suggest that prominent alar lobule could be modified by resecting the attachment of the dilator naris muscles. This maneuver removes the function of dilator naris muscles, then may produce a more aesthetically acceptable alar lobule shape.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1732-1741
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• 2006

Obesity is chronic disease which influenced on health severly. The causes of obesity have been known as life change, lack of excercise, genetic factor, mental and social economic factors. Especially the obesity of women increased the risk of the diseases such as DM, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and infertility. The limitations of the widely used negative definition of health as the absence of disease and WHO's 1946 definition of health as total social, psychological and physical well-being have long been recognized (WHO 1958). The Quality of Life (QoL) includes functional ability, the degree and quality of social and community interaction, psychological well-being as somatic sensation and life satisfaction. I investigated to compare the differences between obese women (n=63), non-obese women (n=37) in clinic and general women (n=43, control) on baseline characteristics and WHO QoL-BREF. The purpose of this study is to assist the diagnosis and treatment of obesity. WHO QoL-BREF is self administered type which consisted of 26 questions. The prospective question is calculated with 5 scores by Likert's method. The results are as follows : The means of physical, psychological, social, overall and total scores of QoL were significant among BMI group (P<0.05). The score of control group (BMI < 25) was higher than other groups significantly (P<0.05). In multiple regression analysis, the variable of high school/below middle school was significant in environmental and overall domain of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of college/below middle school was significant in environmental, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of above university/below middle school was significant in physical health, environmental, overall domain and total score in QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of Health perception (moderate/bad) was positively significant in physical health, environmental, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable of Health perception (good/bed) was positively significant in physical health, environmental, social, overall domain and total score of QoL scores (P<0.05). The variable as BMI non-=obese women/control was negatively significant in social domain of QoL scores (P<0.05). Above the results, It suggests that the variable as BMI did't affect on the QoL in patients and control, but the variables as education and health perception affected on the QoL scores. Further study is required to conduct QoL differences between before and after treatment of obese patients.