• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.208-217
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• 2001

Background : The objective of this study is proving the basic data for developing a management system for the discharges against medical advice(AMA) by identifying the characteristics of the AMA patients of an university hospital for 10 years. Methods : By using discharge abstract data base, we divided the total discharges(435,254) into two groups, discharge against medical advice and discharge with discharge order. We confirmed the characteristics of AMA group by analyzing discharge abstract data of the both groups by SAS software V6.12 and $x^2$ test. Medical records of AMA patients in the year 2000 were reviewed to identify the reasons for AMA which we couldn't extract from discharge abstract DB. Result : The total number of AMA for 10 years were 9,358(2.15%) and the AMA rate has been continuously decreased for 10 years. Male, admission through emergency room, discharges admission via other hospital, patients without operation during hospitalization, discharges in hopeless or not improved condition showed higher AMA rate. The AMA rate was higher as the age of the patients was higher, and the average length of stay was longer in AMA patients than in those with discharge order. The AMA rate in psychiatry was highest(14.3%) and it was higher in surgery departments than those of medical or other sections. The AMA rate varied by attending physicians even in the same department and it was statistically significant. Patients with the principal diagnosis of "medical observation and evaluation for suspected diseases" showed the highest AMA rate(15.5%), and that of schizophrenia or psychosis was the nest. One hundred twenty-one patients(19.5%) out of 622 AMA in 2000 discharged against medical advice for transfer to order health care facilities. Among them 71 patients(58.7%) discharged with their medical care information, such as copies of medical record, medical certificates, summaries, etc. Written oath of the patients discharged AMA was filed in their medical records in 466 cases(74.9%) although some of them were incomplete. Conclusion : Characteristics of AMA discharge could be used as the basic data in developing a system to manage the patients who have risk factors to leave the hospital against medical advice. By reducing number of patients leaving the hospital against medical advice we can increase satisfaction of medical providers and consumers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.155-164
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify correlations among married nurses' parenting stress, job involvement and intent to stay, as well as to clarify factors that affect nurses' intent to stay. This is a descriptive study conducted based on evaluation of 174 married nurses from one university hospital and two general hospitals (200 beds or above) located in C region, all of who had at least one child <6 years of age. Data were collected from Aug 20 until Sep 15, 2016, after which data were analyzed by aT-test, ANOVA, Pearson's coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. The mean score of parenting stress was $2.67{\pm}0.54$ out of 4, while that of job involvement was $3.11{\pm}0.58$ out of 5, and intent to stay was $3.56{\pm}0.79$ out of 5. Intent to stay was significantly negatively correlated with parenting stress(r=-0.186, p=0.014), while it was positively correlated with job involvement(r=0.345, p<0.001). Factors influencing intent to stay were education level(${\beta}=0.28$, p=0.042), job satisfaction(${\beta}=0.60$, p<0.001), weekend work(${\beta}=0.20$, p=0.042), job involvement(${\beta}=0.31$, p<0.001) and parenting stress(${\beta}=-0.22$, p=0.038). These factors explained 36.8% of intent to stay(F=21.18, p<0.001). Overall, the results indicate that intervention strategies may be necessary to increase intent to stay by reducing parenting stress and enhancing job involvement.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2005

The purpose of this study were to develop an web-based education program for Lung cancer patients and to test its effects on patients' self-care knowledge, compliance to medical regimen, nutrition status and pain. The program was developed by the following process: first, Lung cancer patients demand on the web-based program was investigated. and second, the program was developed with the help of various reference books and then validation of experts group. last, educations effects on the patients is evaluated and compared the differences in self-care knowledge, compliance to medical regimen, nutrition status and pain between on experimental group and a control group on before discharge 1day and 3weeks after. SPSS/Win 11.0 program was used for data analysis. It was proven with $x^2$ test and t-test, and Pearson Correlation coefficient, and Chronbach's alpha coefficient were done for the reliability of measuring instruments. 1. The summary of the Program development is as follows. The program is based on patients' questionnaire and reference material and is made for users friendly. Not only Bigger font size and bright colors but also illustrations or pictures were adopted to help enhance patients' understanding. 2. The summary of the study results is as follows. 1) Compared with control group, the web-based educated experimental group showed a statistical significant difference on self-care knowledge, Especially disease, radiation treatment, medication & analgesics, chemotherapy side effect, but there was no significant difference in the field of chemotherapy, in the fields of operation, diet & general knowledge. 2) Compared with control group, the web-based educated experimental group showed a statistical significant difference on compliance to medical regimen, especially in the field of follow up care, everyday life, diet, but there was no significant difference in the field of medication, exercise. 3) Compared with control group, web-based educated experimental group showed no significant difference in nutrition status, but partially significant difference in body weight. 4) Compared with control group, the web-based educated experimental group showed no significant difference in pain level. 5) The significantly positive correalation self-care knowledge with the compliance to medical regimen. 6) Users satisfaction with the web-based education program of the contents quality, the level of recommendation to others, content layout, medical information quality, but interesting got a low mark.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.658-670
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• 2018

Busan Citizen Park has been taken as the research object in this paper to learn about the categories and types of resting facilities such as seats and Pergolas in the park and analyze the visitors' use patterns of bench and Pergolas. In addition, the analysis of the cultural features and preferences of bench and Pergolas will provide the basic data for the future design of resting facilities. After the research on the categories and types of bench and Pergolas and the evaluation factors through literature surveys, the type, location, and number of resting facilities including bench, Pergolas, sheds, etc. in the entire park have been investigated through field surveys. In addition, the behavioral map analysis has been created through the observation of the use patterns of bench and Pergolas in the morning and afternoon of each month, and the degree of preference and satisfaction of park bench and Pergolas has been grasped through questionnaires. The research results are as follows. Among the ten types of bench and Pergolas, the citizens like the mats and awnings + mats best. The environment is the most important factor for the mats with highest score, followed by the functional and regional factors. In addition, various activities such as eating in mats and sheds that block sunlight are Korean use patterns, which is very common in Korean daily life. These results show that bench and Pergolas in urban parks are not placed arbitrarily and the layout and design of bench and Pergolas should be completed based on behavior and preferences, which are influenced by cultural characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.13-30
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to explore the role orientation that librarians are expected to carry during their career-life. More specifically, this study examined the pattern of librarians subjectivism related to attitude, belief, and confidence. Q questions were made of 36 items, including personal value system and role attitude. P sample included 23 librarians. Data were collected for 8 days (from April 15, 2005 to April 22, 2005). Analyses showed the following results. First, librarians role orientations were classified into 3 types: user-centered orientation, organization-centered orientation, and expertise-centered orientation. (1) The first type librarians were interested in having good relationships with users, while emphasizing the importance of providing good services to the users. (2) The second type of librarians were concerned with social function of the library, while placing highlight on their roles as organizational members. Among them, achievement evaluation was regarded as an important indicator of personal success. They were interested in having stable organizational culture, as well as economic growth of libraries. This orientation was dominant among married members. (3) The third type of librarians focused on librarians role implementation and professional achievement. They showed interest not only in the improvement of librarians creativity and the growth of expertises, but also the expansion of retraining opportunities. This orientation was conspicuous among female librarians. Second, several commonalities and differences were consistently found among librarians. The first type was interested in user-centered orientation(user contact, need satisfaction, self dignity, etc.). The second type was interested in organization-centered orientation(creativity, expertise growth, retraining opportunity, professional achievement. self-respect, etc.).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5716-5725
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of a prenatal education program of labor and delivery experience for primigravidas in mid-pregnancy. This investigation was designed as a one group pre-post quasi-experimental study, aiming to determine the effects of prenatal education on anxiety, confidence and knowledge in delivery by demonstrating knowledge and actual situations including understanding labor, breast-feeding, baby care and others, and experiencing the education program. Subjects were collected randomly from an on-line club in D city. The simulation education proceeded for 2 hours a week from April to June, 2014, and there were 6 sessions each in the first and second periods. We included 35 primigravidas who attended all 6 sessions. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and a paired t-test. According to the study results, the subjects showed a significant difference in knowledge in delivery (t=-9.07, p<001), confidence in delivery (t=-9.00, p<001) and anxiety (t=14.39, p<001) after participating in the prenatal education program. An evaluation of satisfaction revealed experience to be the most differentiating factor, and the simulation experience was identified as most effective. The desired appropriate number of class sessions was 4 times, and 88.6% of the pregnant women intended to attend the program at their next birth, indicating a high response rate.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.79-92
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• 2015

Purpose - The aim of this study is to develop an empirical model of the effects of traditional market service quality factors on customer value, relationship quality, and behavior. The specific objectives of the study are as follows: 1) to classify study objects into cultural tourism markets and non-cultural tourism markets as well as to verify the differences in service quality among the two markets and, 2) to present practical service marketing methods that fit with the characteristics of the traditional markets by amending the five quality evaluation items of SERVQUAL (a multiple-item scale for measuring service quality)to suit the characteristics of the traditional markets and establish the relationship among customer value, relationship quality, and behavior intention. Research design, data, and methodology - The study methods of empirical investigation are as follows. First, this study selected for a study object the Suwon Paldalmun Gate Market to represent the cultural tourism market, and general traditional markets to represent the non-cultural tourism market. This study also conducted personal interviews in order to increase the response rate and collected a total of 418 responses between March 18, 2014 and April 05, 2014. The total of 418 responses used for this study excluded 14 responses that had either misleading information or missing values. Results - This study verified the perceived differences of service quality based on traditional market specialization through an independent sample t-test. It appeared that the perceived service quality of the cultural tourism market was generally higher than that of the non-cultural tourism market. This study executed a path analysis in order to examine the effects of service quality factors on customer value, relationship quality, and behavior intention. This study also comprehensively analyzed the specialized market and non-specialized market separately. Although there were some differences among the results, the overall results were uniform. It appeared that convenience, reliability, and empathy, among the service quality factors, exerted meaningful effects on customer value. On the other hand, convenience, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy, excluding the tangibles, exerted meaningful effects on the relationship quality. In addition, it appeared that all service quality factors exerted meaningful effects on the customer value, relationship quality, and behavior intention. Therefore, the study verified that all of the hypotheses formulated in the study were generally adopted. Conclusions - The implication of this study may be classified into academic and practical implication as follows. With respect to the academic implication, it seems that this study is among the early studies to verify the differences between the cultural tourism market and the non-cultural tourism market. The practical implication of this study is that the perceived service quality, such as convenience, reliability, responsiveness, and tangibles, excluding empathy, was higher in the cultural tourism market than in the non-cultural tourism market. This means that customer satisfaction is enhanced by governmental aid such as hardware, software, and information and communications technology.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.167-187
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• 2012

This study investigated the perception and experience of users who visited in Seoul office of the National Archives, a branch of the National Archives of Korea(NAK). For collecting data, the study utilized the Researcher Survey Toolkit developed by Archival Metrics Project and revised the questionnaire to reflect services of NAK. Questionnaires completed by 47 users were collected and analyzed, and interviews with one survey respondent and two staff were performed. It was found that the purpose of the visit is mostly to identify records that prove land ownership of users' ancestors. Types of records frequently used were also those concerning lands and forests. User feedback on the staff was generally positive, and users perceived them to be helpful and kind. However, there was an opinion that the staff did not provide accurate information about whether NAK hold records that the user wanted to find. The staff also said that it was challenging to confirm where requested records are located when providing services for users. User evaluation on the usefulness and the ease of use of NAK portal services was not very positive, and it was perceived to be very inconvenient to search in the portal. Overall, users were satisfied with the services of NAK, although some users suggested that services need be provided efficiently, and NAK must clarify the criteria for the non-disclosure of public records.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.321-326
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• 2012

Recent studies have revealed that collagen peptide plays a protective role on skin by improving the activity of antioxidants and acts as an inducer of skin regeneration. To evaluate the efficacy of low molecular weight collagen peptide for skin recovery after non-ablative 1550 nm fractional photothermolysis laser. 10 volunteers were randomly divided into two groups. Both control and experimental groups received fractional photothermolysis treatment. In the experimental group, 5 subjects received oral collagen peptide 1,000 mg/day for 8 weeks. Before and after the treatment, we measured elastic recovery of skin, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and erythema index (EI) for each patients. The evaluation of clinical results showed that elastic recovery of skin is higher in the experimental group than the control group (p < 0.05). TEWL have no significancy between two groups and erythema rapidly disappeared in the experimental group. On the quartile grading scale, the mean patient satisfaction 4 weeks after the fractional photothermolysis treatment was 2.0 in experimental group and 1.2 in control group. The low molecular weight collagen peptide appears to be an effective conservative therapy for skin recovery after non-ablative 1550 nm fractional photothermolysis treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.743-748
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• 2019

This study suggested a process of redesigning and implementing problem based learning to enhance students' active and collaborative learning activities and learning outcomes. The results of this study are as follows. First, the ef ect of class participation, academic self-regulated learning, and academic self-efficacy were examined. As a result, first, the average of learning activity, class extension, and participation in class was high in the difference between before and after class. Second, the post average scores of all the factors except the 'evaluation' were higher than before. Third, academic self-efficacy showed a significant difference only in 'task preference'. Finally, students' satisfaction with the class was also high. The professor was also able to grasp the characteristics of individual students by designing and operating the classes using PBL, and it was confirmed that the interaction with students increased. Based on the results of this study, we discussed the limitations and educational implications of the problem based learning class and propose successful problem based learning design and operation of the classroom.