• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2150-2159
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate the status of orthodontic treatment and facial plastic surgery among 389 patients who visited dental clinics located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. After the collection of data, an analysis was carried out using a spss statistical program. The analysis results are as follows. the level of satisfaction with orthodontic treatment from patients with experience of the orthodontic treatment turned out to be high(p<0.01). Women considered 3.01 to 4 million won to be reasonable cost for orthodontic treatment (p<0.05), which is higher cost recognized by men, and patients with experience of orthodontic treatment recognized 19 to 24 months as the proper orthodontic treatment period(p<0.01). In addition, women showed higher figures than men in their awareness on the need for orthodontic treatment checkups(p<0.001), and facial plastic surgery experience (p<0.01). With respect to the part of the face on which they hoped to have plastic surgery, eye plastic surgery was higher in women (p<0.01), and nose surgery turned out to be higher in patients with experience of orthodontic treatment(p<0.05). Meanwhile, women considered the eye as the most important part among other facial areas (p<0.001), and they recognized that dentist should perform plastic surgery on both jaws among facial areas(p<0.01). In conclusion, the dental medical staff should provide consultations and operate treatment systems in consideration of gender differences and needs of dental patients. In the case of orthodontic treatment for the improvement of facial appearance, especially double jaw surgery which is closely related to the oral function, professional dental medical staff needs to perform the operation, considering the special oral environment. In addition, it is determined that provision of relevant medical information and promotion of dental service is required to provide patients with correct knowledge about orthodontic treatment and facial plastic surgery.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1953-1962
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• 2014

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between ego-resilience, anxiety and perceived stress. The participants were 500 students of nursing college located in K city, Korea. Data were collected from September, $9^{th}$ to $14^{th}$ 2013, and were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients. The result were as follows; 1) The mean scores were ego-resilience 3.36(0.50), anxiety 2.26(0.70) and stress 2.55(0.55). 2) Ego-resilience was significantly different according to gender, age, satisfaction for major, subjective career opportunity, subjective health. The score were higher at the male group than the female group, and the group who aged over 24 were higher than the group aged below 23. 3) Significant correlations were found between ego-resilience, anxiety and stress. Ego-resilience has negative relationship with level of anxiety(r=- .383, p<0.000) and perceived stress(r=- .454, p<0.000). While, the positive relationship were significant(r= .685, p<0.000) between level of anxiety and perceived stress. According to these result, ego-resilience promotion program is need to develop as a positive concept to adjust college life and nursing course.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

For this paper, we developed a game-addiction therapy program for students with gaming addiction based on multiple intelligences (MI) and verified its effects. The participants were 54 elementary students selected through a game addiction test in Incheon City, Korea. We tested the students' MI to facilitate program development. the students with gaming addiction showed strengths in the Bodily-kinesthetic, Naturalist, and Spatial intelligences whilst showing weaknesses in the Logical-mathematical, Intrapersonal, and Interpersonal intelligences as opposed to normal students who had opposite results. We arranged the program around various gaming and playing activities to engage their stronger intelligences; we added activities to address their weakness (i.e., Logical-mathematical, Intrapersonal, and Interpersonal intelligences). This study has shown that this program lowered the game immersion level of the students and was helpful in turning their attention to other activities. There were significant differences between pretest and posttest game addiction scores (p<0.001). Their weekly gaming time and computer usage decreased rapidly. Satisfaction with the game addiction therapy program based on MI was very high.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate relationships and gender differences in dietary supplement (DS) and oriental supplement (OS) prevalence as well as anti-doping awareness during training and the game period. Korea National Sport University athletes (343 male and 136 female) participated in this study and completed DS and OS practice and anti-doping awareness questionnaires. Forty-six percent of athletes used DS during the training period, and there was significantly higher DS use in females (53%) compared to males (43%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight percent of athletes used OS, and there was significantly higher OS use in females (35%) than males (26%) (P < 0.05) during the training period. The primary reason of DS use was to supply energy both in males (36%) and females (28%). The main reason for male athletes' OS use was to supply energy (41 %). Meanwhile, the reasons for female athletes' OS use were to supply energy (23%), to maintain health (19%), and to improve recovery ability (20%), which showed a significant gender difference (P < 0.05). Athletes rated their perceived degree of satisfaction, perceived importance, and beliefs in efficacy of DS and OS use all over 50% during the training period, and no gender differences were detected. In a comparison between athletes educated about anti-doping (at least more than one time) and non-received athletes, DS and OS use during the training period was 2.30 (1.47-3.60) and 1.71 (1.03-2.82), respectively. DS and OS use immediately before the game period was 2.38 (1.50-3.80) and 3.99 (1.20-13.28), respectively.Elite athletes' anti-doping education was highly related to increased DS use during the training period and immediately before the game. Although elite athletes use various DS and OS during the training period and before the game period, doping education for elite athletes is related with DS and OS use during the training period and before the game.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.125-135
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and test the effects of an elder health promotion program and apply strategies for elder health leader training sessions with elders at senior citizen halls. Methods: A nonequivalent control group pretestposttest design was used. Participants were 49 elders at a senior citizen hall (intervention: 27, control: 22). The elder health promotion program consisted of health education and exercise. A professional leader led the program for 4 weeks, and then an elder health leader and research assistant led for 8 weeks (total 12 weeks). Scales for elder health promoting behaviors, perceived health status, life satisfaction and senior citizen hall capability were used and physical fitness levels were measured. Data were collected between April 21 and July 28, 2010 and analyzed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: Health promoting behaviors, physical fitness, perceived health status, and senior citizen hall capacity were significantly better in the experimental group after the intervention compared to the control group. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that elder health promotion programs applying strategies of elder health leader training are effective and can be recommended as nursing interventions for health promotion of these elders.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Students with learning disabilities need special education programs. In the traditional class, those students may not be satisfied with their studies. Thus, it is important to provide individualized class for those students. Classes using smart devices may give one of the solutions for individualized class. Unlike the typical mathematical problems, written problems require students to use various cognitive strategies, mathematical reasoning, inference ability, and so on. In this sense, written problems are good tools to develop the logical minds for students with learning disabilities. In this paper, a WOE-based smart learning system is proposed to help those students develop learning abilities. The proposed system has the following characteristics. First, students can learn naturally problem-solving abilities by following the work-out examples given from experts. Second, the proposed system can invoke motivation and interests of students using attractive icons and guidance rules provided with smart phone. Third, the proposed system can provide self-directed study for those students. The proposed system is applied for some students with learning disabilities. The following results are obtained. First, the individualized study can be possible since the system can provide continuous feedbacks and level-differentiated classes. Second, students can increase written problem solving abilities with natural understanding of study contents from smart phone. Finally, satisfaction, study motivation, and self-concept of students are increased through their successful experience during study processes.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2012

Perception level and social position of radiological technologist influence satisfaction level of their job. This study aims to use foundational data to improve perception level and social position of radiological technologists. We conducted interviews and a fill-out survey with 233 students who have been majoring in health-related fields at five universities and colleges located in Busan and who finished internship programs. The study analyzed 233 answer sheets excluding 17 inadequate answer sheets using T-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis with SAS9.1. The mean score of perception level was $3.33{\pm}0.56$. The personal image of radiological technologist showed the best score($3.43{\pm}0.56$) whereas the social image showed the worst($3.12{\pm}0.58$). According to the classification of the subject, the answer, "radiological technologist is specialized job", showed the best score($3.99{\pm}0.79$). The answer "radiological technologist suffered from less stress and workload than others when they work usually" showed the worst score($2.88{\pm}0.98$). According to the classification of each health-related major, the mean score of students who are a major in the department of the radiological technologist was the best($3.46{\pm}0.46$) and the students who are major in department of the physical therapy was the worst($3.24{\pm}0.40$). The radiological technologist have to effort to make positive image in the hospital. It is possible to be developed their knowledge and professionalism by cooperating between school and hospital as well as advertising with mass madia.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.219-235
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the change characteristics of boys among the ages of 13 and 18 years. This study is based on the $4^{th}$ to the $6^{th}$ national anthropometric survey(Size Korea) data. Background: Many changes can affect the body characteristics compared withthe past. The significant changes were shown in Pepsi generation according to the report of national anthropometric survey of Korea 1997. Method: The subjects of the survey were 1,899 boys of the $4^{th}$ Size Korea, 1,587 boys of the $5^{th}$Size Korea and 2,317 boys of the $6^{th}$ Size Korea, who were from 13 to 18 years old. The change characteristics were analyzed withanthropometric measurements, height index value and proportion. Results: Stature was increased in 17~18 years old age group of the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea and height items of the lower body showed the tendency to increase as the $6^{th}$ Size Korea over the time. In the case of circumference items, the tendency to increase in the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea was observed. If the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea were compared, there were no changes of other circumference items but chest circumference of the $6^{th}$ Size Korea was decreased in comparison with the $5^{th}$ Size Korea. Waist breadth(natural indentation) was increased in the $6^{th}$ Size Korea in spite of chest breadth was decreased in the $5^{th}$ and the $6^{th}$ Size Korea. And shoulder length, biacromion length and bishoulder length were decreased. The proportion of chest circumference, abdominal extension circumference and hip circumference to waist circumference and the proportion of chest breadth to waist breadth(natural indentation) showed the tendency to decrease as the $6^{th}$ Size Korea over the time. Conclusion: There was no change of stature excluding 17~18 years old. Circumference items showed tendency to increase as the $6^{th}$ Size Korea over the time. Shoulder and chest breadth became narrow. The somatotype changed to board chest with narrow waist in comparison with the previous. Application: In this way, the body size of 13~18 years' old boys changes. If these change characteristics reflects to the school uniform design, research for the pattern development, and etc., these will be able to improve fit and satisfaction of clothes.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.84-103
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• 2012

Objectives : The middle school students'life style were studied with focus on Body Mass Index(BMI). Information was collected during 1st June 2009 to 10th July from 397 students(both male and female) by the subjective survey centered on personal characteristic, understanding about health in general, everyday activities, eating habits, preference in food, understanding about diet and obesity, and thoughts about fitness and diet. Methods : Students were selected from six classes by convenience sampling, then the final analysis was performed on 397 self-administered questionnaires, excepting 5 questionnaires, which have insincere answers. The data collection was carried out by SPSS(V.14.0 English Version), and the data was verified by $x^2$-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis. Results and Conclusion : The survey subjects were in the following distribution of body weights - underweight: 63.6%, normal weight: 29.5% and 6.9% were overweight. There was significantly different between BMI and mothers' occupation and satisfaction with school life(p<0.05). As for the analysis(multiple regression analysis) on understanding about health, the factors that affect BMI are self recognition of figure and efforts to reduce weight. In terms of efforts for one's own health, 78.2% of under weight and 82.3% of normal weight were taking active initiatives. But 85.2% of the overweight students were not giving any efforts. As for the free time activities, more than half answered, 'playing with computers'(48.4 - 66.7%, 1.57 hours on average). As for TV, on average, 2.03 hours were spent in overall. And it turned out that the overweight students spent more time watching TV by 46.49 minutes(0.77 hours) on average(p<0.05). 7.4 hours was the average sleeping time. As for the eating habit,'quantity of meal, snack, meal between meals, fat reduction, and supplementary food'were shown to be related to the BMI(p<0.05). The instant food, meat and sweet food were shown to be also related to the BMI. In terms of knowledge about overweight and diet, only 8 students(2% of the total) answered all 10 questions correct. On average, 7-8 questions were correctly answered(53.9 %). When the scores were analyzed against the BMI by classifying the scores to high, middle and low categories, it showed a relationship by different weight group(p<0.02), and the overweight students had higher score by 0.82 compared to the underweight students. When thoughts and attitude on fitness and diet were analyzed in relationship to the BMI, the result was only - "I try to eat fruits more often"(fruits)(p<0.00).

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.503-529
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• 2013

The commemorative AR postage stamps which are the world first presented at The YEOSU EXPO 2012 has had meaning of communicating with future in this present from a convergence that the most analog medium is using now and that the AR is cutting edge of digital technology. The AR stamps printed 10 kind out of 33 commemorative stamps. These have great significance that is artistic value than that is world first. The applied AR images are not only expressed 3D real images but also artic represented and signifying each stamp images from visualized creativity process, and build 'new art space' that is new concept between on real(analog) and virtual(digital). This study analyzes meaning of images and then makes concept of AR contents design. The processing is designed and considered the meaning of architectures and environments, and the regional specific feature of the Yeosu with surrealistic graphic concept. The 10 of deducted images were expressed after AR coding such as visual arts. This study realized markerless 3D image tracking AR stamps and deducted research result are; the first, it was able to figure out how to realize AR in the process of registering the reference images, coordinating transformation, and hybriding AR on the stamps for the mobile devices. The second, it was able to be seeked a possibility of new virtual exhibition space. The third, it was able to know possibility of satisfaction of immersing with visual formativeness and usability with informativity.