• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the living habits and results of health examinations of university students according to Sasang constitution. Methods : We measured the height, weight, body mass index, and blood pressure of 2,387 university students, performed laboratory examinations, and conducted a questionnaire survey of their eating, drinking, smoking, and exercise habits. Their Sasang constitution was diagnosed by using the Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution ClassII(QSCCII). All the data were analysed statistically by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, ANOVA, tukey's multiple comparisons Results : The Taeeumin group mostly ranged in overweight sector of the BMI, and this group showed significantly higher blood pressure and AST, ALT, GGT, LDH, CPK, Creatinine, Uric acid, total cholesterol, TG, and LDL levels than other groups, while having a lower HDL level. In the living habits survey, the Taeeumin group showed the highest proportion of "overeating", and the lowest proportion of "eating slowly". This group had the highest value of quantity of alcohol drinking, highest proportion of hazardous drinkers, and highest smoking rate of the three constitutions. Conclusions : In the results of this study, there were significant differences in the living habits behaviors, and the results of health examination, between the three constitutions. In particular, individuals of the Taeeumin group have a high possibility of getting chronic disease, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity; and need to improve their living habits.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3 s.67
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• pp.145-150
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the reproducibility of responses to the QSCC II. Methods: Subjects have been tested by QSCC II for 2 or 3 successive years in Kangnam Korean Hospital at Kyunghee University from January 2002 to December 2005. We analyzed constitutions of the same subjects of each year tested. Results: In the second year of QSCC II assessment, 333 of the total 584 subjects were classed as the same constitutions as in their first test. The reproducibility was thus 56.88%. After the third year of QSCC II, 45 of a total 81 subjects were in the same constitutions. The reproducibility was thus 55.56%. Conclusions: We have found that the reproducibility of QSCC II is about 56%, so there is a severe limitation to diagnosis of constitution by QSCC II. Therefore, we must analyze constitutions through multiple objective methods.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Objectives : This dissertation is to study the relationship between Scoliosis and Sasang Constitution. Methods : The researcher discriminated the Sasang constitutions of those observed - the out-patients - who were treated from January to June 2004, and showed, through whole spine X-ray, over 10 degrees in Cobb's angle. The result coming out from this study was compared firstly with the existing Sasang constitution theory from 《Dongyi Suse Bowon》 《東醫壽世保元》 and secondly with the existing of QSCCII statistics. The statistics were taken as Goodness-of-fit test, T-test, and ANOVA test. Results : 1. Of those 29 observed, 4(13.79%) were categorized in Taeum-in, 14(48.28%) in Soyang-in, and 11(37.93%)in Soum-in. 2. The result showed a significant difference with the Sasang constitution from Dong-isusebowon. 3. The result showed a difference with the existing from QSCCII. 4. There of no significant relations between each constitutions and Scoliosis. 5. There no significant relations between distinction and Scoliosis. Conclusions : In this study, rate of Soyang-in, among patients diagnosed scoliosis, was the higher.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the psychological and mental tendencies manifested in the Sasang Constitution are reflected in an objective personality test, MMPI-2. Methods: The survey was conducted on 101 Korean medical students to investigate the relationship between the Sasang Constitution and MMPI-2. Results: Soeumin showed higher scores in the Hs, Pt, RC1 and RC3 than Taeumin and showed higher scores in the D, Si, RC2, R, MAC-R and INTR than Soyangin. Soeumin showed higher scores in the ANX, OBS, and HEA and showed lower scores in the Es and GM than other Constitutions. Soyangin showed the higher scores in the AGGR than Soeumin and showed the higher scores in the RC9 than other Constitutions. Soyangin showed the lower scores in the SOD and Taeumin showed the lower scores in the ASP than other Constitution (p<.05). Conclusions: MMPI-2 contains items that distinguish the characteristics of Soeumin, Soyangin, and Taeumin and it is therefore useful to employ it to obtain basic data for analyzing oriental psychopathology.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.91-100
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to find the characteristics of Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin, Using Regular Medical Inspection. Methods : Subjects of our study were 325 cases who took regular medical inspection. We collected the data of body composition analysis, 7-zone-diagnostic system, blood analysis, and analyzed by Sasang Constitution, Soeumin, Soyangin and Taeumin. Results and Conclusions : 1. In body composition analysis, Taeumin was significantly higher than Soeumin and Soyangin about soft lean mass, body fat mass, waist-hip ratio, body water index, body mass index and basal metabolic rate. In blood analysis, Taeumin was significantly highest about total protein, albumin, GPT, hemoglobin, WBC, triglyceride. In 7-zone-diagnostic system, Taeumin had the highest level at Zone 1, 2. 2. Taeumin had more significant differences than other Sasang constitutions about the parameters of regular medical inspection. 3. Body composition analysis had the most parameters that showed differences among the constitutions, followed by blood analysis and 7-zone-diagnostic system.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.62-74
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• 2007

1. Objectives This study is a pilot study to investigate the Mongolian's morphologic characteristics of face according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods We had collected 100 cases of Mongolian and took pictures their frontal view, lateral view of face and measured height, breaths and projected length of face with Face Features Measurement Program(FFMP) and analyzed shape differences of face according to Sasang constitution. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In the frontal view of female, there were 11 items(total 322 items) significantly different among three constitutions, and in lateral view 13 items(total 191 items). (2) In the frontal view of male, there were 88 items(total 322 items) significantly different among three constitutions, and in lateral view 46 items(total 191 items).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.143-154
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to prove the correlation between risk factor of cardiovascular disease and Sasang Constitution and to investigate the effect of oxygen free radical on this correlation. 2. Methods We analyzed 129 patients who visited Cheonan oriental medical hospital from Apr 1, 2007 until May 31, 2007, for medical examination, which Includes Sasang Constitution examination, blood chemistry test and physical examination. And we classified their results into 4 groups based on with blood lipoprotein level and body mass index. 3. Results and Conclusions Mean of lipoprotein in blood was not significantly different among constitutions but with body mass index, was significantly higher in Taeumin than others. And count of dyslipoproteinemia was significantly higher in Taeumin group than soeumin. Therefore, according to our results, risk of cardiovascular disease was higher in Taeumin than other constitutions. Oxygen free radical did not have much effect on correlation between risk factor of cardiovascular disease and Sasang Constitution. However, there was some evidence in soeumin group, that oxygen free radical may have effect on origination of hyperlipidemia.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Objectives : This work aimed to reveal the relations between Health-related Quality of Life and Body mass index, age, gender in Sasang Constitution. Methods : 1108 subjects who visited Korean medicine hospital in Jeonju for regular health examination surveyed SF-12. Their Sasang constitution were diagnosed by 1 Sasang constitution medicine specialist. ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was carried out to compare SF-12 sub scales differences among each constitutions. Regression analysis was performed to reveal effects in changes of BMI, age, and gender to SF-12 sub scales. Results : TE type gets more BMI, has more physical limits, even those of SE and SY type are not limited by these reasons. Contrary, SE type feels more vitality when they get higher BMI. SE type women have low mental health status than that of SE type men, though they don't have any specific disease. Conclusions : This is the first work of analysis between quality of life and Sasang Constitution's BMI, age, and gender. To reveal factors which affect quality of life in each Sasang constitutions, more rigorous works are required.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 2002

The main purpose of this study is to differentiate Sasang Constitutions of men and women by measuring 5 parts of the body. By the definitions about Four Chos(四焦) in ${\ulcorner}$The Discourse on Viscera and Bowels(臟腑論)${\lrcorner}$, the body is divided into four parts and sets up the five borderlines. They are Top-line, Bosom-line, Stomach-line, Navel-line and Bottom-line. Top-line(第一線) is the horizontal distance between Rt. & Lt. Coracoid processes passing through the acupuncture point CV-22(天突穴) or the horizontal distance between Rt. & Lt. beginning points of Axillary lines. Bosom-line(第二線) is the horizontal distance passing through Rt.& Lt. Nipples. Stomach-line(第三線) is the horizontal distance passing through Rt.& Lt. acupuncture point ST-19(不容穴). Navel-line(第四線) is the horizontal distance passing through the navel(CV-8; 神闕穴) and the acupuncture point ST-25(天樞穴). Bottom-line(第五線) is the horizontal distance between Rt. & Lt. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine(ASIS). The measured numerical values of Five Lines are the most important factors to classify the Four Constitutions(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin). Among the five lines, Stomach-line(Middle-line) is the base line to decide Yin and Yang. As a result, I could differentiate the four Constitutions as follows. 1. Taeyangin's Top-line is more than 36cm long. Top-line is the longest. Bottom-line is the shortest. The length-difference between Top-line and Bottom-line is more or less 10cm long. 2. In case of Taeumin, Navel-line is the longest. The numerical values of Middle and Bottom lines are almost the same or Bottom-line is shorter than Middle-line by 1 or 2 cm long. In some special case, the five lines are all the same and the body just looks like a log. 3. In case of Soyangin, just like Taeyangin, Top-line is the longest. Bottom-line is the shortest. The length of Top-line is ranged between 30cm to 35cm long. From Top-line to Bottom-line, the length gradually diminishes each by 2cm: for example, 34-32-30-28-26. 4. In case of Soeumin, the longest one is Bottom-line. Specially, Navel-line is shorter than Middle-line. Bottom-line is longer than the Middle.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.59-66
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• 2010

1. Objectives: The objectives of this paper are to report Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Constitution Theory and the present state of Chinese Health Administration Center. 2. Methods: We visited China for "China Technology Survey" in 2009. Our purposes were to research for the study of constitutional medicine in China and to search for the Development Plan of Constitutional Medicine Through the Research of Chinese Constitutional Medicine. This paper is the report of the "China Technology Survey". 3. Results & Conclusions: In China, the concept and diagnosis of TCM constitutions is nine(Balanced Constitution, Qi-deficient Constitution, Yang-deficient Constitution, Yin-deficient Constitution, Phlegm-dampness Constitution, Damp-heat Constitution, Stagnant blood Constitution, Stagnant qi Constitution, Inherited specific Constitution). And Chinese government established the Classification and Diagnosis Standards for the Constitutions of TCM in 2009. TCM Constitution Theory is being widely applied at Health Administration Center that treats 'predisease' patients. Theses Chinese clinical implications of constitutional medicine are a good example for "Sasang Constituional Medicine" Care Service.