• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

Aloe gel layer is well known as raw materials of medicines and cosmetics due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In aloe gel extracting process, the outer part of the leaf was removed. It contains high quality of fiber and many nutrients. However, this part is thrown away and generally used as fertilizer. The purpose of this research was to examine the important nutrient of Aloe saponaria. Moreover, the feasibility of using aloe as a dietary supplement by feeding fermentation treatment of aloe was investigated. To do this, the aloe leaf was divided into several parts including leaf skin, bottom of the leaf, tip of the leaf, middle of the leaf, and leaf flesh. Then the saponin content were analyzed from each part. The extraction method was used to clarify the saponin content. The aloe then fermented to improve it benefit. The fermented Aloe then given as dietary food to group of pig. Finally, the appropriate feed level was determined and the pork meat quality was analyzed. The extraction of saponin shows that the highest concentration of saponin located on the skin of the leaf. The feeding experiment shows that there is no significant difference in pig growth without aloe dietary food and groups with aloe as dietary food. It was conclude that fermented aloe can replace the pigs normal feeder as an alternative feeding solution.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.244-248
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• 1993

The fatty and organic acids, and barbaloin in various parts of aloe species dried at different temperatures were analyzed by GC and HPLC. Seven fatty acids and six organic acids were identified and quantified. In the case of fatty acids, generally, the contents of palmitic and eicosanoic acid were abundants, and compared to the total contents of seven fatty acids, Aloe arborescence variant 1 was abundant, but Aloe saponaria was poor. And six fatty acids were distributed in the aloe species with the exception of linoleic acid. The contents of malic, citric and oxalic acids in the aloe species were higher than those of other acids, and compared to the sum of contents of six organic acids, Aloe saponaria was high, but Aloe arborescence variant 1 was low. Therefore Aloe arborescence variant 1 was abundant in total fatty acids, but poor in total organic acids. The contents of fatty and organic acids in the sample dried at $65^{\circ}C$ and $80^{\circ}C$ air circulation were almost similar. The contents of fatty and organic acids in the freeze-dried samples were lower than in the other dried samples. The contents of barbaloin in Aloe arborescence and A. arborescence variant 1 were higher than those of other various samples, and barbaloin was not detected in Aloe saponaria. As the drying temperature was increased, the contents of barbaloin in the various parts of the Aloe vera decreased.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.250-256
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• 2014

This study was carried out to understand the genetic relationship of three Aloe spp. cultivated in Korea, A. saponaria, A. vera and A. arborescens and a new variant in Korea based on three plastid (matK, trnL-F, rbcL) and one nuclear (ITS regions) DNA barcode markers. A total of 2,420 bp sequence was amplified. Two indels were detected in the trnL region, and also several species specific nucleotide loci were detected in all 29 parsimonious informative sites, and 148 variable sites were detected among four taxa studied while 170 variable and 75 parsimonious sites were detected when other Aloe spp. in worldwide were used. An UPGMA phenogram with 10,000 bootstrap replication showed that the new variant was closest to A. vera. The variant was not morphologically and genetically concurrent with any reported species so far. The clustering of Aloe species were broadly in agreement with previously reported results.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.325-327
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• 2000

We developed a on-line gas control system for three gas components and investigated the effect of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and ethylene on polysaccharide production and cell growth in the suspension cultures of Aloe saponaria. Carbon dioxide(5% v/v) enhanced significantly polysaccharide production while the cell growth was not affected.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2023

In this study, the O/W emulsification processes with the natural surfactants that were extracted from Medicago sativa L. and Sapindus saponaria L. as emulsifiers were optimized using the central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM). Herein, independent parameters were the amounts of mixed emulsifiers, the mixing ratio of natural emulsifiers (soapberry saponin/alfalfa saponin), and the emulsification time, whereas the reaction parameters were the emulsion stability index (ESI), mean droplet size (MDS), and antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scanvenging activity). Through basic experiments, the ranges of operation variables for the amount of mixed emulsifiers, the mixing ratio of natural emulsifiers, and the emulsification time were 12~14 wt%, 30~70%, and 20~30 min, respectively. The optimum operation variables deduced from CCD-RSM for the amount of mixed emulsifiers, the mixing ratio of natural emulsifiers, and the emulsification time were 13.2 wt%, 44.2%, and 25.8 min, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the expected values of the ESI, MDS, and antioxidant activity were 88.7%, 815.5 nm, and 38.7%, respectively. And, the measured values of the ESI, MDS, and antioxidant activity were 90.6%, 830.2 nm, and 39.6%, respectively, and the average experimental error for validating the accuracy was about 2.1%. Therefore, it was possible to design an optimization process for evaluating the O/W emulsion process using CCD-RSM.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.76-82
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• 2016

Aloe vera has been used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industry for its therapeutic properties. However, there are not many current studies on the microstructure of A. vera compared to studies on the chemical constituents and health efficacy of A. vera. Therefore, we compared the morphology of an A. vera leaf using an optical microscope, a conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a cryo-SEM. Especially, this study focused on observing the gel in the inner leaf of A. vera, which is challenging using standard imaging techniques. We found that cryo-SEM is most suitable method for the observation of highly hydrated biomaterials such as A. vera without removing moisture in samples. In addition, we found the optimal analytical conditions of cryo-SEM. The sublimation conditions of $-100^{\circ}C$ and 10 minutes possibly enable the surface of the inner leaf of A. vera to be observed in their "near life-like" state with retaining moisture. The experiment was repeated with A. arborescens and A. saponaria to confirm the feasibility of the conditions. The results of this study can be applied towards the basic research of aloe and further extend previous knowledge about the surface structures of the various succulent plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2018

This study examined the growth of herb plants in response to irrigation on a green rooftop area in order to select herb plants that can be used for rooftop greening. Apple Mint (Mentha suaveolens), Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Spearmint (Mentha spicata), Pineapple sage (Salvia elegans), Choco Mint (Mentha ${\times}$ piperita 'Choco Mint'), Ox-eye Daisy (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum), Roman Chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) and Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) showed increased growth when irrigated. Conversely, Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia ), Peppermint (Mentha ${\times}$ piperita ), Vicks Plant (Plectranthus tomentosa), Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Lemon Verbena (Aloysia triphylla), Heliotrope (Heliotropium arborescens), Soapwort (Saponaria officinalis) and Lady's mantle (Alchemilla vulgaris) demonstrated satisfactory growth regardless of irrigation. Peppermint, Tansy, Lemon Verbena, Soapwort, and Lady's mantle seem to be suitable for green rooftop because of their overwintering ability and drought hardiness. Pineapple sage, Apple Mint and Thyme would seem to be inappropriate for rooftop greening because they showed negative growth response to drought and failed overwintering. Although Spearmint, Lemon balm, Choco Mint, Ox-eye Daisy and Roman Chamomile had reduced growth during dry conditions, they were able to overwinter satisfactorily and can be used as rooftop plants with irrigation.