• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.14-28
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• 2005

Functional school planning has long been considered a fundamental concept of school design. However. in planning educational facilities, it is also important to include the dimensions of comfort, convenience and healthfulness. The school lavatories and drinking fountains are one of most crucial elements for the recent changing face in healthful school design, but the number of lavatories and drinking fountains in most schools may not be sufficient to meet current needs. This study aims to suggest a guideline in designing school sanitary fixture and propose the optimal number of lavatories and drinking fountains regarded to age and sex. The survey is conducted through questionnaires collected from 998 respondents including 300 teachers In ChungNam province. Based on the results of the survey and a formulae, it is suggested that the number of lavatories be required by ratio of 30 boys per unit fixture and 22 girls per unit fixture in the elementary, middle and high school. It is also suggested that the number of drinking fountains be required by ratio of 65 students per unit fixture. The formulae proposed in this paper can be used for other plumbing fixtures required in school facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Mechanical Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.9-14
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• 2011

The flow rate analysis for sanitary fixtures has been studied to determine the water supply piping system and size. The study has been carried out to analyze for a various water supply pressure and piping size theoretically. Also, the study has been carried out to analyze for a various water supply piping system experimentally. The water supply pressure is varied from 0.01MPa to 0.07MPa, and the piping size is varied from 6mm to 15mm. The water supply piping systems are one-to-one, all-loop-type, and bathroom-loop-type water supply piping system. The results indicate that the piping size is able to supply water fully in case of smaller than 15mm if the water supply pressure keep an necessary minimum pressure. And the gap of flow rate is very little for the various water supply piping systems.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2017

Purpose : Due to the shortage of the room for the disabled, it may be difficult to use the accommodation for the disabled (especially wheelchair users). The purpose of this paper is to propose a universal design(UD) application for all rooms to solve the problems caused by the shortage and the decrease of the usage rate of the rooms for the disabled. Methods : Classify and analyze the type of room and bathroom according to the survey. The space of the room is classified into six types mainly based on the relation and location among the entrance, the bathroom, and the bedroom. Also, the bathroom is classified into 20 types considering the positional relationship with the entrance and between sanitary fixture. By using these types, FGI survey will be conducted and the application of UD will be reviewed and presented. Results : We analyzed by using the types of the room and the bathroom. One of majority type in the actual research and two of UD applicable types from FGI, are shown UD application. In addition, the bathroom were analyzed about four types from FGI. The room were shown about the activity space and the furniture layout for UD. The bathroom were shown about the space for the entrance, the internal activitiy space and the arrangement of the sanitary fixture. Implications : By comparing and analyzing through type classification, it was found that universal design can be applied to all rooms. Therefore, it is expected that the UD will be activated in all rooms of the accommodation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.307-317
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• 2013

Elementary school's physical environment is critical to lower grade students. Among the many physical conditions, Toilet, which belongs to health and sanitation category is very important to those who start school for the first time. The purpose of this study is for suggesting the guidelines of toilet design reflecting psychological and behavioral aspects of lower grade students. The research was executed as follows. Firstly, focused survey groups were carefully chosen. Five elementary schools were selected, being all open after 2005 under Seoul Gangseo District Office of Education. Secondly, field study was executed to find out toilet usage, during the period between April to June 2012, by visiting schools to see basic facilities, taking pictures and making actual measurement in each toilets. The architectural analysis was focused on location, moving line, actual size and space zoning, while the interior analysis being on finishing materials and the design of sanitary equipments. And the design elements such as color, lighting fixture, art works or signage were analysed, too. Finally, questionnaire survey was done to find out preferences of lower grade students. As a result, the guidelines of toilet design can be divided into two main parts, Physical and Psychological. For the Physical part, it is necessary for related facilities to be concentrated in order to give easy access. In addition, good ventilation, better lighting and to install sanitary equipments ergonomically are required. Furthermore, safe and clean maintenance should be considered. Psychologically, the design should be directed for making lower grade students come to toilets with comfort and more pleasantly.