• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.501-507
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• 2010

The ceramic contained paint was made to replace the lead sinker for gill-net with coated lead sinker. The ceramic contained paints were coated in various conditions on the lead sinker with 19g of weight and the optimal coating condition was studied. The adaptability of the coated lead sinker was checked through the anti durability test and fishing operation with gill-net. The case of "Main material 70 wt% + Urethane thinner 30 wt% (Main material 700 $m{\ell}$ + Thinner 300 $m{\ell}$)" showed the best in the coating characteristics depending on the combination ratio of the ceramic paint contained. The coated lead sinker dried at $100^{\circ}C$ inside oven was superior to the drying in the room temperature in its surface glossiness and anti durability and faster drying time than the one dried in normal temperature. The quadruple layers of coating on lead sinker with 4 times of dipping and drying application showed the super anti durability in the coating characteristics depending on the frequency of dipping. When press is applied to the coated lead sinker, the coated layer is not detached from the sinker. In addition, the coated lead sinker was not damaged or peeled at the fishing operation about 2 months in various depths within 50m and by the materials at the bottom (sand, stone and gravel stone) and it was in good condition.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2004

Effects of various pretreatments on the adhesion of copper-coated polymer films were investigated. Copper-coated polymer films were prepared by an electron cyclotron resonance-metal organic chemical vapor deposition (ECR-MOCVD) coupled with a DC bias system at room temperature. PET(polyethylene terephthalate) film was employed as a substrate material and it was pretreated by industrially feasible methods such as chromic acid, sand-blasting, oxygen plasma and ion-implantation treatment. Surface characterization of the copper-coated polymer film was carried out by AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy) and FESEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy). Surface energy was calculated by based on the value of the contact angle measured. The adhesion of copper/PET films was determined by a pull-off test according to ASTM D-5179. It was found that suitable pretreatment of the PET substrate was required for obtaining good adhesion property between copper films and the substrate. In this study the highest adhesion was observed in sand-blasting, and then followed by those of acid and oxygen plasma treatment. However, the effect of surface energy was insignificant in our experimental range. This is probably due to compensating the difference in surface energy from various pretreatments by exposing substrate to ECR plasma for 5 min or longer at the early stage of the copper deposition. Therefore, it can be concluded that surface roughness of the polymer substrate plays an important role to determine the adhesion of copper-coated polymer for the deposition of copper by ECR-MOCVD.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

FeS, as a natural reduced iron mineral, has been recognized to be a viable reactive material for As(III) sequestration in natural and engineered systems. In this study, FeS-coated sand packed columns were tested to evaluate the As(III) removal capacities under anaerobic conditions at pH 5, 7 and 9. The column obtained As(III) removal capacity was then compared with the capacity result obtained from batch reactors. In the comparison, two different approaches were used. The first approach was used the total As(III) removal capacity which method was proved to be useful for interpreting pH 5 system. The second approach was used to consider sorption non-linearity and proved to be useful for interpreting the pH 9. The results demonstrated that a mechanistic understanding of the different removal processes at different pH conditions is important to interpret the column experimental results. At pH 5, where the precipitation of arsenic sulfide plays the major role in the removal of arsenic, the column shows a greater removal efficiency than the batch system due to the continuous dissolution of sulfide and precipitation of arsenic sulfide. At pH 9, where adsorption mainly governs the arsenic removal, the sorption nonlinearity should be considered in the estimation of the column capacity. This study highlighted the importance of understanding reaction mechanism to predict column performance using batch-obtained experimental results.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 1984

In order to investigate the effect of size of sand grains, bentonite content and moisture on mixing power, standard mixing power, permeability, green compressive strength and green mold hardness were measured with mixing time, and also coated layer of mixed sand with time was observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. From this experiment, the results were summarized as follows. 1. Mixing power increased as size of sand grains decreased. 2. Mixing power increased gradually as bentonite content increased and in particular, increased rapidly in 7-10% bentonite. 3. Mixing power increased as moisture content decreased. 4. The mixing time required to get the optimum mixing power decreased as moisture content and grain size increased, but increased as bentonite content increased.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2010

It is well known that manganese is hard to oxidize under neutral pH condition in the atmosphere while iron can be easily oxidized to insoluble iron oxide. The purpose of this study is to identify removal mechanism of manganese in the D water treatment plant where is treating bank filtered water in aeration and rapid sand filtration. Average concentration of iron and manganese in bank filtered water were 5.9 mg/L and 3.6 mg/L in 2008, respectively. However, their concentration in rapid sand filtrate were only 0.11 mg/L and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Most of the sand was coated with black colored manganese oxide except surface layer. According to EDX analysis of sand which was collected in different depth of sand filter, the content of i ron in the upper part sand was relatively higher than that in the lower part. while manganese content increased with a depth. The presence of iron and manganese oxidizing bacteria have been identified in sand of rapid sand filtration. It is supposed that these bacteria contributed some to remove iron and manganese in rapid sand filter. In conclusion, manganese has been simultaneously removed by physicochemical reaction and biological reaction. However, it is considered that the former reaction is dominant than the latter. That is, Mn(II) ion is rapidly adsorbed on ${\gamma}$-FeOOH which is intermediate iron oxidant and then adsorbed Mn(II) ion is oxidized to insoluble manganese oxide. In addition, manganese oxidation is accelerated by autocatalytic reaction of manganese oxide. The iron and manganese oxides deposited on the surface of the sand and then are aged with coating sand surface.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2016

The adsorption of inorganic mercury, Hg (II), in aqueous solution has been investigated to evaluate the effectiveness of synthesized gold (Au) nanoparticle-coated silica as sorbent in comparison with activated carbon and Au-coated sand. The synthesis of the Au-coated silica was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (Bragg reflections at $38.2^{\circ}$, $44.4^{\circ}$, $64.6^{\circ}$, and $77.5^{\circ}$) and the Au loading on silica surface was $6.91{\pm}1.14mg/g$. The synthesized Au-coated silica performed an average Hg adsorption efficiency of ~96 (${\pm}2.61$) % with KD value of 9.96 (${\pm}0.32$) L/g. The adsorption kinetics of Hg(II) on to Au-coated silica closely follows a pseudo-second order reaction where it is found out to have an initial adsorption rate of $4.73g/{\mu}g/min/$ and overall rate constant of $4.73{\times}10^{-4}g/{\mu}g/min/$. Au-coated silica particles are effective in removing Hg (II) in aqueous solutions due to their relatively high KD values, rapid adsorption rate, and high overall efficiency that can even decrease mercury levels below the recommended concentrations in drinking water.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2017

The grate bar, a component used in steel mills, is used in harsh environments where external disturbances such as high temperature, abrasion, corrosion, and impacts are present. Therefore, in this study, spray-coating was performed on the most severely affected surface to extend the lifetime of the grate bar. The thermal and mechanical properties of the sprayed coated bars were investigated based on the performances under abrasion, thermal shock, tension, and sand blasting, and the microstructures by microscope. By analyzing the thermal and mechanical properties of the uncoated original grate bar and coated grate bar and comparing them with one another, the physical performance improvement of the coated grate bar can be verified.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.571-576
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 세 가지 다른 방법으로 제조된 망간사에 의한 용존 $Mn^{2+}$의 제거특성을 회분식 및 칼럼실험을 통하여 조사하였다. 실험실 규모에서 망간의 주입농도를 달리하여 망간사 제조시, 모래에 코팅된 망간 코팅량은 주입된 망간 농도에 비례하여 나타났다. 망간사에 의한 용존 망간의 제거는 용액의 pH 증가에 따라 증가하는 양이온형 흡착경향을 따랐다. 흡착을 통한 용존 망간의 제거는 망간사 코팅방법 및 코팅량에 거의 영향을 받지 않고 모든 pH 영역에서 유사하게 나타났다. NaClO를 산화제로써 주입하였을 때 망간사에 의한 용존 망간의 제거는 NaClO 농도에 비례하였다. 이러한 결과는 NaClO 주입농도 증가에 따라 용존 망간이 망간산화물로 산화되고 이때 생성되는 산화망간이 망간사 표면으로의 코팅이 증가되어 나타난 현상으로 여겨진다. 칼럼반응기를 이용한 용존 망간제거 실험에서, NaClO를 주입하지 않은 경우에는 4,100 bed volume 이 후 땅간의 파과가 이루어졌지만, NaClO를 주입하였을 경우에는 파과가 1.6배 지연되어 나타나서 산화제를 사용하는 것이 용존 망간의 제거율을 높이는 것임을 또한 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2010

복합 오염물질 처리를 위해 제조한 다기능성 흡착제인 철과 망간이 동시에 코팅된 모래(Iron and Manganese Coated Sand, IMCS)를 이용하여 용존 Mn(II) 처리 특성을 평가하였다. 실험에 사용된 IMCS는 0.05 M의 Mn(II)과 Fe(III) 용액을 pH 7에서 혼합하여 담체로 쓰인 모래에 코팅하여 제조하였다. IMCS는 ${\gamma}-MnO_2$ 형태의 Mn 산화물과 goethite 및 magnetite($F_{e3}O_4$) 형태의 철산화물이 동시에 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. Mn과 Fe의 함유량은 각각 826 및 1676 mg/kg으로 분석되었으며 $pH_{pzc}$는 6.40으로 측정되었다. IMCS와 산화제로서 NaOCl과 $KMnO_4$를 이용하여 Mn(II)의 제거에 관한 회분식 실험을 pH, 시간, 주입 농도를 변수로 하여 수행하였다. IMCS를 이용하여 Mn(II)을 처리하였을 때, pH 7.4에서 약 34%의 제거율을 나타내었고, 산화제인 NaOCl(13.6 mg/L)을 주입 후 IMCS와 반응시킨 결과 pH 7.0에서 96%의 제거율을 나타냈고, $KMnO_4$(4.8 mg/L)을 이용한 경우 pH 7.6에서 89%의 제거율을 나타내었다. IMCS와 산화제를 이용하여 Mn(II)을 제거할 경우, 용액의 pH가 증가함에 따라 제거율이 증가하는 양이온 형태의 제거 경향을 따랐으며, 반응 시간 6시간이 경과 후 거의 일정한 상태에 도달하는 것으로 나타났다. IMCS만을 이용하여 Mn(II)을 제거한 경우 833.3 mg/kg의 최대제거량을 나타냈고, 산화제로 NaOCl(13.6 mg/L), $KMnO_4$(4.8 mg/L)를 주입 후 IMCS와 반응시킨 경우 최대제거량은 각각 1428.6 및 1666.7 mg/kg으로 나타났다. IMCS에 의한 Mn(II)의 제거는 2차 반응속도식 및 Langmuir 식으로 잘 표현되었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.571-577
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• 2005

철산화물 피복 모래를 이용한 투수성 반응 벽체는 As(V)로 오염된 지하수의 처리에 매우 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다 그러나 이 방법은 As(III)에 있어서는 그 제거효과가 제한적인 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 위 방법에 의한 3가 비소제거의 한계를 극복하기 위해서 As(III)를 As(V)로 산화시킬 수 있는 능력을 가진 망간산화물 피복 물질을 비소저감 촉진제로서, 철산화물 피복 물질을 이용한 처리 기법에 함께 적용하였다. 철산화물 피복 모래와 망간산화물 피복 모래를 함께 이용한 비소제거 방법으로서, 순차 제거법과 동시 제거법이 연구되었다. 두 가지 처리 방법 모두 6시간동안 $85\%$ 이상의 높은 비소제거 효율을 보였으며, 처리과정 동안 흡착제 표면의 철이나 망간의 용해에 의한 2차적인 오염도 일어나지 않았다. 그러나, 동시 제거법은 비소 저감 후 처리수의 산성도를 pH 6.0의 중성상태로 유지하는 반면, 순차 제거법은 처리수를 pH 4.5의 산성상태로 변화시키는 작용을 일으켜, 음용수로서의 이용을 위한 오염 지하수의 비소 저감법으로는 동시 제거법이 적합한 것으로 판정되었다. 보다 높은 As(III) 제거 효과를 위해, 망간 및 철산화물을 폴리프로필렌 섬유에 피복시켜 비소제거에 적용하였다. 폴리프로필렌 섬유는 높은 표면적과 낮은 비중의 특성을 가진, 신축성 있는 스폰지와 같은 저렴한 중합체의 일종이다. 이를 이용한 비소 제거법은 피복모래를 이용한 방법보다 월등히 뛰어난 $99\%$ 이상의 높은 비소제거 효율을 나타내었다. 또한, 피복 폴리프로필렌 섬유를 이용한 방법은 비소에 오염된 물의 음용수로의 이용을 위한 간편한 처리기법으로서 적용하기에 좋은 많은 실용적인 장점들을 가지고 있다.