• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.76
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• pp.237-258
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• 2023

Purpose of Research: This study examines how an intensive Christian program focused on conversion and sanctification impacts youth spirituality. While previous research was qualitative, looking at program design and family-church ties, this research provides a needed quantitative analysis of the program's effect on youths' spiritual development. Research content and method: The research, centering on 'A' Camp's focus on conversion and sanctification, used a pre-post test model with Lee and Kim's metrics to gauge youth spirituality. Conducted in a 2023 summer camp, assessments on days one and three yielded 109 valid questionnaires, analyzed via paired t-tests. As a result of the analysis, relationship with God t=-9.65, traditional faith t=-6.22, influence of spirituality t=-6.35, religious activity t=-8.32, experience of transcendent power t=-8.67, living righteously t=-8.04 It was statistically significant in all areas. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study confirmed that programs emphasizing conversion and sanctification markedly improve youth spirituality, notably enhancing experiences of God and righteous living via the Holy Spirit. These findings are pivotal for guiding future youth education programs, especially those conducted in camp settings.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.18-34
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• 1990

In light of the recent developments of transitory nature, it is likely that national defense decision-making will be more difficult to make for years to come. In other words, sudden changes in security environment would call into question the basic assumptions on which we have built our national defense planning and increase the number of the uncertain factors in the decision-making process; the subdivision and ramification of national defense management would increase the factors for decision-making and complicate even further the mutual interactions among these factors; the accelerated pace of sophistication and diversification of weapon systems and military technology would increase the risk of failure and system costs geometrically; and the reduced level of acceptance among the people on the sanctification of national defense in proportion to the rapid progress toward a more democratic and industrial society would engender an increased criticism or checking role by the National Assembly or by the mass media. As the changes in national defense environment and conditions create an innumerable number of new tasks, this paper intends to suggest a few core policy measures to improve the quality of national defense decision-making. More specifically, it proposes to 1) eradicate entirely the bureaucratic behavior and tendencies; 2) utilize actively the brain staff for quality assurance of decision-making; 3) and introduce and apply as a whole set, a total system, or an incorporated pack age the PPBEES(Planning-Programming-Budgeting-Executing-Evaluating-System)/LCMM (Life-Cycle Management Model for System Acquision), the OR/SA(Operations Research/Systems Analysis), and DMIS (Defense Management Information System).

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.117-146
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to understand the faith and life experiences of Christian seniors who hold a doctoral degree and to glean insights for the senior ministry of the church from what they propose based on their wisdom and own experience. To this end, seven participants were purposefully selected based on certain criteria and interviewed. Research findings were presented into three categories: faith, calling and life after retirement, and suggestions for the senior ministry of the church. For the research participants, the mature faith was fear of God and acknowledgement of Lordship of God, revealed through thoughts, words and actions and their agreement. The natural outcome is others may recognize such true godliness embodied in love of neighbors. The call to scholarship was a gift of God, which accompanies responsibilities, The research participants were immersed in meaningful work for the church and the next generation, following their calling even after retirement. The church's ministry for the elderly should start from recognizing resourcefulness of their life and wisdom for sanctification and growth of congregation members across all generations, aim for shaking souls of the elderly for God-pleasing life and eternal inheritance, and be supported by younger generations, online ministry and technology. To ensure that eternal goals, the fulfillment that comes from doing meaningful work, and passion to complete the race without stagnation in all aspects of piety, morality, and intelligence should become the characteristics of the lives of all elderly people, not just the research participants, such preparation should start before retirement by intervention and aid of the church.

• 한국노년학
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.157-170
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• 2011

The purpose of this article is to examine how the 'bodily culture' of older men who gather at Jongmyo Park serves to express and solidify their sense of a enduring self. The research was carried out based on the anthropological methods of participant observation and in-depth interviews at Jongmyo park and its adjacent areas. In later life, the image of a continuous self becomes harder to achieve due to the ageism prevalent in modern societies. The situation is worse at Jongmyo park since the park itself has been stigmatized as "the extraterritorial zone for the old" by the media due to the boisterous atmosphere of the park. It is dubbed as a place for those who have nowhere else to go. The singing and dancing, which used to be the dominant forms of activities at the park among older men until the 'sanctification' project propelled by the government, serves as an antidote against the ageist tendency to subjugate them. The 'bodily culture' embodies these men's image of themselves as a continuous being which has not been tarnished by the passage of time. The approach of 'body hermeneutics' is required to interpret the experiences of the body in later life.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.74
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• pp.159-188
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• 2023

This study examines the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation in the light of Carl Jung's conception of individuation. Spirituality is defined in different ways by different scholars, but most consider self-transcendence as a necessary element. This self-transcendence can occur in the relationship with self, with others, and with the transcendent. In the relationship with the self, it appears as self-objectification; with others, it is as moving toward others; and in the relationship with the transcendent, it moves toward the transcendent. Spirituality is closely related to individual identity, in that it surrounds and integrates life. Spiritual formation is thus closely related to Jung's concept of individuation, as this involves the separation of persona and ego, and shadow recognition which are closely related to the level of self-objectification. In addition, the withdrawal of shadow projection that occurs in individuation is closely related to moving toward others, in that it recognizes the shadow instead of blaming others, allowing one to look at others without prejudice. The fact that Jesus Christ is the symbol of the Self, the driving force of the individuation process, tells us that spirituality leading to a relationship with the transcendent God and Jung's theory are closely related to each other. Thus, if we examine the process of spiritual formation through the Jung's individuation process, we can better understand the psychodynamic dimension of spirituality. This article investigates the process of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation through Jung's individuation process. Throughout her 98 years, Chou Sun-Ae experienced national pain and hardships, as well as personal adversity and difficulties; but through all of these hardships, conflicts, and difficult moments, she accomplished individualization. Therefore, by examining the spiritual formation through individuation in Chou Sun-Ae, I consider the direction of Christian spiritual education. In this study, three main characteristics of Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation can be identified. First, through a life of repentance, the identification between persona and ego can be weakened. Second, the ego develops, and individualization is achieved, through a new calling. Third, in shadow integration, the spiritual development comes to recognize Jesus Christ on the cross and achieve the process of sanctification. Investigating the direction of Christian spiritual education through Chou Sun-Ae's spiritual formation indicates that Christian spiritual education should harmonize vertical and horizontal relations and should develop an experience of the transcendent God in everyday life. By this means, the believer can achieve Self-realization and be a true Christian who practices love for God and love for neighbors.