• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.165-171
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• 2010

Objective : This clinical research was conducted to test patients with dark circles by external application with Chinensis galla, Lithospermi radix and Salviae miltiorrhizae radix in cosmetics. Methods : We gave prototype cosmetics to 27 patients who volunteered for this clinical research in Kyungwon university from October 14th, 2009 to November 11th. Left inferior palpebra area of patients was treated with Chinensis galla, Lithospermi radix and Salviae miltiorrhizae radix in cosmetics(Experimental group) and right inferior palpebra area of patients was treated with placebo(Control group) for 4weeks. We observed change of darkness of inferior palpebra and subjective satisfaction. Also taking digital image and color meter were used to evaluate the effects of Chinensis galla, Lithospermi radix and Salviae miltiorrhizae radix in cosmetics. Results : Overall evaluation was slightly positive. It is more effective on Right inferior palpebra than on Left inferior palpebra to improve darkness of inferior palpabra in this clinical research. Conclusion : We can guess that cosmetics with Chinensis galla, Lithospermi radix and Salviae miltiorrhizae radix has some therapeutical effects in reducing the symptoms of dark circles.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.95-107
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• 2006

Purpose : Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix is a herb with an effect on extravasated blood and is widely used in gynecology. This study examine, the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix on endometriosis. Methods : Rats with surgically induced endometriosis were administered Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix for 40 days. The size of the ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and the concentration of progesterone, estradiol, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-2, 4, 6 and 10 in the blood were examined and compared with the control group. Results : The size of the ectopic uterine implants in the treated group was much smaller than that in the control group. The estradiol concentration was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. The IL-10 level was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The TNF-${\alpha}$ level was lower in the experimental group than in the control group but the difference was not significant. The progesterone, IL-2, 4, 6 levels were similar in the experimental and control groups. Conclusion : These results indicate that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix reduces the size of ectopic uterine implants at the serosal wall and inhibits the growth of ectopic uterine implants. This suggests that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix is an effective treatment for endometriosis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Objectives : It had been reported that herbal medicines containing polyphenol and flavonoid have been shown to be associated with decreased the cause of aging and variety of disease such as reactive nitrogen species and reactive oxygen species in several recent studies. Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, origined fromSalvia miltiorrhizaBGE., is one of popular traditional herbal medicines that is commonly used by traditional medicine practitioners. To this date, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix has more than 2000-year history of mature application. This study was conducted to investigate whether the Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation.Methods : Cytotoxic activity of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using griess reagent system. Western blot analysis and measurement for changes of protein expression, nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, also performed.Results : The medicinal plant, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration (25-100 μg/ml). SMR showed anti-oxiative effectsin vitroby decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and COX-2 expressin in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. SMR inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner.Conclusions : These results indicate that Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix methanol extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects, and the anti-inflammatory effect was presentedd as dose dependant manner.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) production and on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging in macrophages. Methods: Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (300 g) was heated at $100^{\circ}C$ with distilled water (2 L) for 4 hours. The extract was filtered and concentrated to 100 mL by using a rotary evaporator, was frozen at $-80^{\circ}C$, and was then freeze-dried by using a freezing-drying system. The RAW 264.7 macrophage was subcultured by using $10-{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In order to evaluate cytotoxicity, we performed 3-(4,5-dimrthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and measured the cell viability. The NO production was measured by using Griess assays, and the $PGE_2$ production was measured by using enzyme immunoassays. The antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging capability, was measured by using the DPPH method. Results: Cell viability with the 1-, 5-, 25-, 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract was not significantly decreased compared to the cell viability without the extract. When 125 and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. When 25, 125, and $625{\mu}g/mL$ of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract were used, $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was significantly inhibited compared to that in the control group. The 125- and $625-{\mu}g/mL$ Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extracts had high DPPH free-radical scavenging capabilities in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: This study indicates that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract suppresses NO and $PGE_2$ production and improves DPPH free-radical scavenging capability. Thus, it seems that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix hot aqueous extract may have an anti-inflammation effect and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.431-435
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix on the high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats, around 270g of B.W., were divided into normal, control, sample A and sample B group. Normal and control groups were orally administrated with saline during 4 weeks, sample A and sample B with 252.5mg/kg(rat) and 420.1 mg/kg(rat) of solid extract of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix during 4 weeks respectively. Blood samples were collected from each of animals at 4 weeks, and used for the blood chemical analysis. Animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks, and chemical analysis was performed on the collected liver samples. The serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol levels of sample A group were significantly decreased compared with the control group. On the basis of these of results, it is confirmed that Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix has the curative effects on the hyperlipidemia in rats induced by high fat diet

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-184
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• 2003

Objectives: This study investigates the effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Carthami Flos on Brain ischemia of the rats induced from the Occlusion of Lt. Common Carotid Artery. Methods: I observed effects using light microscopes and examined tissue of parietal lobe and hippocampus and VEGF-immunoreactive cells. Results: A small number of VEGF-immunoreactive cells are observed in the control group. VEGF-immunoreactive cells in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-administered group were slightly increased compared with control group. VEGF-immunoreactive cells in Carthami Flos-administered group were significantly increased compared with control group. Neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in the control group were greatly damaged.(neuronal densitity, form of dendrite and axon) On the other hand, neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-administered group were less damaged. Neurons of parietal lobe and pyramidal cells of hippocampus in Carthami Flos-administered group were significantly less damaged compared with control group. Conclusion : Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix, Carthami Flos can effect on stimulating angiogenesis and reducinging the damage of neurons in the rats induced from the Occlusion of Lt. Common Carotid Artery.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.39-56
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate the inhibitory effect of lnjinchunggantang-derivative on acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis induced by $CCl_4$, and to compare the efficiency of lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Salviae Radix and Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma on acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis induced by $CCl_4$. Method : Western blotting for collagen type N, quantitative RT-PCR and gross & histological findings on liver tissue (Hematoxylin & Eosin stain, Reticulin stain, Masson-Trichrome stain) were studied. Results : In the study on collagen type N expression, lnjinchunggantangcderivative, Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix showed inhibitory effect in western blotting. In quantitative RT-PCR assay, lnjinchunggantang-derivative showed inhibitory effect on collagen type N expression in acute hepatic fibrosis model, whereas lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix showed inhibitory effect on collagen type N expression in sub-acute hepatic fibrosis model. In the gross findings of acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis models,lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Salviae Radix and Scirpi Tuber. Zeloariae Rhizoma showed inhibitory effect on hepatic fibrosis in the order. In the histological findings of acute and sub-acute hepatic fibrosis models in Hematoxylin & Eosin, Reticulin and Masson-Trichrome staining, the liver of $CCl_4$-only group showed atrophy and necrotic change with white nodules whereas that of $CCl_4$+ Injinchunggantang-derivative showed no significant histological change with well preservation of the tone of the tissue, and Scirpi Tuber. Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix group showed minimal fibrotic changes. In the scoring system of the extent of the inhibition of the hepatic fibrosis, lnjinchunggantang-derivative group showed statistically significant inhibitory effect(p<0.05) whereas Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix group showed no statistically significant effect in the acute hepatic fibrosis model. In the sub-acute hepatic fibrosis model, lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma and Salviae Radix group showed statistically significant effect (p<0.01). Conclusion : These results show that lnjinchunggantang-derivative, Salviae Radix and Scirpi Tuber.Zeloariae Rhizoma have inhibitory effect in the order on hepatic fibrosis induced by $CCl_4$ by suppressing the expression of collagen type N, ultimately preventing liver cirrhosis. To obtain more credible results in this experiment, developement of a new experimental model more similar to human hepatic fibrosis is still needed.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 2008

In an attempt to find natural sources of antioxidants and whitening agents, comparisons of the antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of various ethanol extracts of Eucommiae Cortex, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and Cnidii rhizoma were carried out. Comparison of the four ethanol extracts revealed that, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium had the highest electron-donating ability(79.0%),; however, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix had the highest SOD-like ability(21.9%). The xanthine oxidase experiment exhibited a hindrance effect of 79.3% in Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, 57.5% in Eucommiae cortex and 71.9% in Aurantii nobilis pericarpium. A tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay was conducted to evaluate the whitening effects of the extracts, The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was 12.4% in the Eucommiae cortex, 22.8% in the Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, 27.5% in the Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and 59.5% in the Cnidii rhizoma. Based on these results, we suggest that the ethanol extracts of Eucommiae cortex, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Aurantii nobilis pericarpium and Cnidii rhizoma. can be used as food and cosmetic ingredients.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

In this study, quantitative analysis for the quality evaluation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix using HPLC/UV was developed. For quantitative analysis, six major bioactive compounds were determined. The separation conditions employed for HPLC/UV were optimized using ODS $C_{18}$ column ($250{\times}4.6\;mm$, $5\;{\mu}m$) with gradient condition of A (1% formic acid in $H_2O$) and B (acetonitrile : methanol : formic acid = 100 : 75 : 1) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 280 nm. These methods were fully validated with respect to the linearity, accuracy, precision and recovery. The HPLC/UV method was applied successfully to the quantification of six major compounds in the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix. The results indicate that the established HPLC/UV method is suitable for the quantitative analysis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-79
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• 2010

Objectives : In this study, the neuroprotective effects of modified Boyanghwano-Tang (mBHT) and the major medicinal plants, Astragali Radix(AR) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix(SMR) were investigated in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced ischemic stroke of rats. Methods : mBHT(400 mg/kg) and AR(154 mg/kg) or SMR(62 mg/kg) water extract orally injected in rats after 90 min occlusion of MCA and then allow reperfusion to 24 h. Brain infarction was measured by TTC staining and the expressions of NOS isoforms and apoptotic molecules were determined in ischemic brain by Western blot. Results : The results showed that mBHT has stronger neuropreotective property through inhibitions of the PARP cleaved and caspase-3 activation in ischemic rats, and could reduced infarction volumes comparison of those of AR or SMR, respectively. While, AR extract has an angiogenic property through increasing the expressions of eNOS and VEGF, and SMR extract has a strong anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of iNOS expression in ischemic brains. Conclusions : These results suggest that mBHT has multifactorial therapeutic advantages through anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation and angiogenesis for ischemic stroke based on a synergistic combination of ingradients rather than monotherapy.