• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2007

Objective : Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix (SMR) has widely used to treat patients with cardiovascular diseases such as coronary arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris and hyperlipidemia. This study was designed to investigate the effects of SMR on changes in serum cholesterol and protective effects on liver tissue damage in Hyperlipidemic rats. Methods : The present author investigated changes in serum glucose, cholesterols, AST/ALT and histopathological changes of liver tissue by oral administration of SMR in Rats. Results : In this study, body weights of hyperlipidemic rats induced high fat diet did not changed, and treatment with SMR did not affect body weights in hyperlipidemic rats. For experimental period, Food and Water uptake in SMR administered group were the same as those in hyperlipidemic control group. In this experiment, treatment with SMR decreased total cholesterol and AST in serum which elevated by high fat diet respectively. In addition, SMR administration protected liver tissue from damage induced by induction of hyperlipidemia. Conclusions: These results suggest that SMR is useful to treat patients with disease related to cardiovascular diseases including hyperlipidemia, because SMR can decrease cholesterol and AST in serum and also have non-specific protective effect on tissues including liver.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.480-494
• /
• 2018

Objectives: To investigate the effect of fermented extract of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba, Curcumae Longae, Crataegi Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (FMH) on anti-inflammation associated with dyslipidemia and anti-oxidation in RAW264.7 and HUVEC cells. Methods: The total polyphenols, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and cytotoxicity of FMH were measured. RAW264.7 cells treated with FMH were tested for production of NO, and for cytokine and LTB4 levels and HUVEC cells treated with FMH were examined for production of cDNA of genes related to inflammation. Results: 1. FMH contained polyphenols and flavonoids. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of FMH increased in a concentration-dependent manner. 2. FMH treatment inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines, and LTB4 in RAW264.7 cell when compared to the untreated control group. 3. FMH decreased the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes, whereas it increased transcription of anti-inflammatory genes, in HUVEC cells. Conclusion: FMH is effective as an antioxidant and for treatment and prevention of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and other cardiocerebrovascular diseases.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2014

Objectives : This study was performed in order to evaluate the effects of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (SMR) water extract against the cerebral hemorrhage and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment in the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Method : ICH was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type IV in Sprague-Dawley rats. SMR was orally given three times every 20 hours during 3 days after the ICH induction. Hematoma volume, water content of brain tissue and volume of evans blue leakage were examined. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) positive neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) were observed with immunofluorescence labeling and confocal microscope. Results : SMR significantly reduced the hematoma volume of the ICH-induced rat brain. SMR significantly reduced the water content of brain tissue of the ICH-induced rat brain. SMR reduced the percentage of the evans blue leakage around the hematoma on the caudate putamen compared to the ICH group, especially on the cerebral cortex. SMR significantly reduced the volume of the evans blue leakage level in the peri-hematoma regions of the ICH-induced rat brain. SMR significantly reduced MPO positive neutrophils in the peri-hematoma regions of the ICH-induced rat brain. SMR reduced the TNF-${\alpha}$ expression in peri-hematoma regions of the ICH-induced rat brain. TNF-${\alpha}$ immuno-labeled cells were coincided with MPO immuno-labeled neutrophils in peri-hematoma regions of the ICH-induced rat brain. Conclusion : These results suggest that SMR plays a protective role against the blood-brain barrier impairment in the ICH through suppression of inflammation in the rat brain tissues.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.164-173
• /
• 2002

목적：반응성산소기들은 장관에서 여러 종류의 질병의 발생과 관련을 가지고 있는 것으로 알려져 있어, 이들에 의한 세포손상을 방지하는 약물의 개발은 시급한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 항산화작용을 가진 약재로 보고 된 단삼추출액이 장관상피세포에서 $H_2O_2$에 의한 세포손상을 방지할 수 있는 지를 조사하고자 하였다. 방법：장관상피세포로는 사람의 소장상피세포에서 유래한 배양세포주인 Caco-2세포를 이용하였고, 세포손상 정도는 trypan blue exclusion assay를 통해 평가하였고, 지질의 과산화는 그 산물인 malondialdehyde의 량을 측정하여 산정하였다. 결과： $H_2O_2$는 처리 시간 및 농도에 비례하여 세포손상을 유발하였으며, 이러한 효과는 단삼추출액에 의해 농도의존적으로 방지되었다. $H_2O_2$에 의한 세포소상은 $H_2O_2$제거제인 catalase와 철착염제인 deferoxamine에 의해 방지되었으나 항산화제인 N,N-diphenyl-p-phenylenamine(DPPD)에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다. $H_2O_2$는 지질의 과산화를 증가시켰으며, 이러한 효과는 단삼추출액과 DPPD에 의해 억제되었다. 단삼추출액은 $H_2O_2$에 의한 세포내 ATP 고갈을 방지하였다. $H_2O_2$는 DNA 손상을 일으켰으며, 이러한 효과는 단삼추출액, catalase 및 deferoxamine에 의해 방지되었으나, DPPD에 의해서는 변화되지 않았다. 결론 : 이상의 결과를 종합하면 단삼추출액은 장관상피세포에서 $H_2O_2$에 의한 세포손상을 방지하며, 이러한 효과는 항산화작용이 아닌 다른 작용기전에 기인할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 $H_2O_2$가 장관상피세포에서 지질의 과산화를 유발하여 세포손상을 일으키지 않음을 가리킨다.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.65-73
• /
• 2007

Objective : Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) (SM), an eminent herbal plant, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of vascular diseases such as hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine whether SM inhibits production of nitrite, an index of NO, and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages. And this study investigated whether or not SM could reduce tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$)-induced inflammatory response in human vascular aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMC) and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Methods : Cytotoxic activity of SM on RAW 264.7 cells was using 5-(3-caroboxymeth-oxy phenyJ)-2H-tetra-zolium inner salt (MTS) assay. We measured the NO production using Griess Reagent System. Production of Proliflammatory cytokines was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results : Our results indicated that SM significantly inhibited the LPS-induced NO production accompanied by an attenuation of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 formation in macrophages. SM decreased TNF-${\alpha}$-induced IL-8, IL-6 production, and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression. Conclusion : These results indicate that SM has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.1001-1007
• /
• 1994

In order to develop a natural food preservative, dried salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial sustance from the sample, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of the initial ethanol extract from the sample was the strongest compared to those of other solvent extracts such as n-hexane, acetone, butanol, methanol and water. the optimum extractingcondition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction for 2 hours at room temperature incase that 10 volumes of absolute ethanol was added to crushed Saliva Miltiorrhiza. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity against Gram-positive Bacteria (MIC, 3.13-50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) such as B. cereus, B, subtilis, L. minocytogenes, S. aureus, Sc. Mutans. Among Grampositive bacteria tested, Bacillus species was the most susceptibile to the extracted substance. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract from the sample was weak to Gram -negative bacteria yeasts, for example MIC for Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts was 0.8mg/ml and 0.4-0.8mg/ml , respectively.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 2013

단삼(丹蔘) (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)은 꿀풀과 배암차즈기속에 속하며 중국(中國)이 원산지(原産地)인 여러해살이풀로, 동의보감(東醫寶鑑)에는 "성질(性質)은 약간 차고 맛이 쓰며 독(毒)이 없다. 다리가 약하면서 저리고 아픈것과 팔다리를 쓰지 못하는 것을 치료한다. 또는 고름을 빨아내고 아픈 것을 멎게 하며 살찌게 하고 오래된 어혈(瘀血)을 헤치며${\ldots}$" 등으로 기술되어 있으며 이전부터 부인과(婦人科)에 많이 응용하는 약재 중 하나로 그 효능이 어혈(瘀血)을 없애는데 있기 때문이다. 임상(臨床)에서는 부인과(婦人科) 질환(疾患)뿐만 아니라 심혈관(心血管) 질환(疾患)에도 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 효능의 객관적 근거를 마련하고 약재의 작용 기전 중 일부를 확인하기 위해 고지혈증이 유발된 생쥐에 단삼(丹蔘) 추출물을 투여하여 혈중 콜레스테롤 및 트리글리세라이드 수치를 낮추는 작용을 확인했으며 동시에 간조직 내 지방의 축적도 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 변화가 간조직 내 유전자의 변화와 어떠한 관련이 있는지 확인하기 위해 RNA를 분리하여 Microarray 분석을 수행한 결과 고지혈증으로 인해 변화된 유전자들이 단삼(丹蔘) 추출물의 투여로 인해 정상에 가까운 정도로 조절됨을 확인하였으며 향후 본 연구를 통해 확인된 핵심 유전자를 고지혈증 치료의 지표 등으로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.159-171
• /
• 2003

This study was done to investigate effects of SR, CF and AR to angiogenesis of cerebral tissues, protecting damage of cerebral neurons and activating them in cerebral contusion-induced rats. I observed these conclusions as follows ; 1. Observation of VEGF-immunoreactive cells : Groups of administered AR were not meaningful in increasing VEGF-immunoreactive cells for 3 days and 7 days, groups of administered SR meaningfully increased them to control groups in all groups, and groups of administered CF meaningfully increased them to control groups in all groups, too, interestingly, increased double to control group for 7 days. 2. Observation on cerebral neurons by Cresyl violet stain : Dendrites and axons of groups of administered SR, AR for 3 days were clearly observed to control group. Cerebral neurons of groups of administered CF for 3days and 7 days were increased a little, but were not meaningful. In conclusion, AR will be careful of being used in cerebral contusion. CF and SR were effective to activating cerebral hemokinesis by inducing angiogenesis in trauma of tissue, but weakly to protecting trauma of cerebral neurons and activating them. I think more studies will be done in these facts.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.533-542
• /
• 2012

Objectives : We try to compared the efficacy of six herbal medicines, Rhizoma Alismatis (RA), Fructus Crataegi (FC), Fructus Lycii (FL), Radix Curcumae (RC), Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), and Herba Artemisiae Scopariae (HAS), constituting KHchunggan-tang which was previously proven to be hepatoprotective on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with combined properties of cellular steatosis, ROS production, and cytoprotection. Methods : HepG2 cells were pretreated with aqueous extracts of the six herb medicines at concentrations of 1, 10, 50 and 100 ${\mu}g/ml$ each, and treated with 0.5 mM palmitate consecutively. After 21 hrs, cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, and the percentage of cells with sub-G1 DNA content was measured using fluorescence-activated cell sorting after propidium iodide staining. Results : The first three extracts, RA, FC, and FL restored cell viability reduced by palmitate in MTT assay, and RA, FC, FL and RC inhibited palmitate-induced apoptosis in sub-G1 analysis. FL showed relatively weak potential only at tested maximal dose, and RA showed the greatest higher efficacy on this experimental cellular model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions : According to this comparative experiment, Rhizoma Alismatis seems to have the most powerful potential among the six herbs constituting KHchunggan-tang, and consecutive further study seems to be required for more standardized and effective clinical application of KHchunggan-tang for treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.461-472
• /
• 2004

Objectives : For the screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs, the complex system of animal models suffer some disadvantages in controlling critical parameters such as blood pressure and body temperature. Additionally, application of drugs to the appropriate brain area sometimes is difficult, due to poor permeability though the blood brain barrier, and so potential protective effects might be masked. Methods : Organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) method has the advantages of being relatively easy to prepare and of maintaining the general structure, including tissue integrity and the connections between cells. Drugs can easily be applied and neuronal damage can easily be quantified by using tissues and culture media. This study demonstrates neuroprotective effects of Puerariae radix (葛根, PR), Salviae miltiorrhizae radix (丹蔘, SR), Rhei rhizoma (大黃, RR), and Bupleuri radix (柴胡, BR). These were screenedand compared to MK-801, antagonist of NMDA receptors, by using OHSC of 1 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) were conducted in an anaerobic chamber $(85%\;N_2,\;10%\;CO_2\;and\;5%\;H_2)$ in a deoxygenated glucose-free medium for 60 minutes. Water extracts of each herbs were treated to culture media with $5\;{\mu}g/ml$ for 48 hours. Results : Neuronal cell death in the cultures was monitored by densitometric measurements of the cellular uptake of propidium iodide (PI). PI fluorescence images were obtained at 48 hours after the OGD and medicinal herb treatment. Also TUNEL-positive cells in the CAI and DG regions and LDH concentrations in culture media were measured at 48 hours after the OGD. According to measured data, MK-801, PR, SR and BR demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect against excessive neuronal cell death and apoptosis induced by the OGD insult. Especially, PR revealed similar neuroprotective effect to MK-801 and RR demonstrated weak neuroprotective effect. Conclusions : These results suggest that OHSC can be a suitable method for screening of neuroprotective effects of medicinal herbs. (This work was supported by the research program of Dongguk University and Grant 01-PJ9-PG1-01CO03-0003 from Ministry of Health & Welfare.)