• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1999

The cellular growth inhibition of 20 natural products was screened using SRB (sulforhodamine B) assay against 4 human cancer cell lines(SNU-1, SNU-C$_{4}$, Hep3B, Kato III). Ethanol extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Saussurea lappa and Chelidonium majus showed potent anticancer activity among them, and further, it was fractionated into methylene chloride, hexane and methanol. Methylene chloride and methanol fraction of Salvia radix showed significant inhibitory activity against 4 human cancer cell lines. The effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza on anticancer activity in vitro models was evaluated with methylene chloride fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Life span of ICR mice implanted with sarcoma-180 was increased by 40-61% and BDF$^{1}$ mice implanted with L1210 was increased by 66-89% upon intraperitoneal administration with methylene chloride fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Based on these result, we suggested that Salvia miltiorrhiza showed anticancer activity on the in vivo and in vitro models

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 2019

Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix is cultivated in Korea and China and is traditionally used to treat cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we developed and validated a quantitative analysis method for S. miltiorrhiza Radix using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Identification was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. For quantitative analysis, we used seven marker compounds. Separation conditions for HPLC were optimized using an ODS column with gradient conditions of 1% formic acid in distilled water and 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, with a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min and a detection wavelength of 280 nm. This method showed good linearity ($R^2=0.9998$), precision (relative standard deviation ${\leq}3.3%$), accuracy (recovery of 94.16-102.89%), limit of detection ($7.53{\mu}g/mL$), and limit of quantification ($23.71{\mu}g/mL$). This approach successfully quantified marker compounds in S. miltiorrhiza Radix. The individual marker compounds were identified by comparing the molecular masses and retention times with does standard compounds. Marker compound contents of S. miltiorrhiza Radix were investigated with different cultivation regions. Seven marker compounds were detected and quantified in all samples. Among them, salvianolic acid B showed the highest contents and it ranged from 4.13 to 7.15%. The salvianolic acid B content (7.15%) of marker compound was the highest in Bonghwa, and the tanshinone IIA content (1.90%) was the highest in Pohang. The results of marker compounds and developed method were intended to provide a favorable reference for the study of S. miltiorrhiza Radix from different regions of Korea.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.156-160
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• 2005

Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix root extracts (SMR) was evaluated for inhibition of the progress of bone loss induced by ovariectomy (OVX) in rats. We measured body weight and bone histomorphometry in sham, OVX and SMR-administered OVX rats. From light microscopic analyses, porous or erosive appearances were observed on the surface of trabecular bone of tibia in OVX rats, whereas those of the same bone in sham rats and in SMR-administered rats were composed of fine particles. The trabecular bone area and trabecular thickness in OVX rats were decreased by $50\%$ from those in sham rats, and these decreases were completely inhibited by administration of SMR for 7 weeks. In this study, the mechanical strength in femur neck was significantly enhanced by the treatment of SMR for 7 weeks. In OVX rats, free $T_3$ was normal in all cases, whereas free $T_4$ was significantly increased. Although there was no difference between OVX and SMR-administered rat in $T_3$ levels, we have found significant difference between them in $T_4$ level. These results strongly suggest that SMR may be beneficial for preventing bone loss in OVX rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1001-1007
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• 1994

In order to develop a natural food preservative, dried salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial sustance from the sample, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of the initial ethanol extract from the sample was the strongest compared to those of other solvent extracts such as n-hexane, acetone, butanol, methanol and water. the optimum extractingcondition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction for 2 hours at room temperature incase that 10 volumes of absolute ethanol was added to crushed Saliva Miltiorrhiza. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity against Gram-positive Bacteria (MIC, 3.13-50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) such as B. cereus, B, subtilis, L. minocytogenes, S. aureus, Sc. Mutans. Among Grampositive bacteria tested, Bacillus species was the most susceptibile to the extracted substance. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract from the sample was weak to Gram -negative bacteria yeasts, for example MIC for Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts was 0.8mg/ml and 0.4-0.8mg/ml , respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 1995

The effect of the ethanol extract from salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) on the microbial growht and the stability of the extracted antimicrobial material were investigated. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity (MIC, 3.13~50.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) against Gram-positive bacteria such as B. subtilis, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Among Gram-positive bacteria tested, B. subtilis was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. While the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract was weak (MIC, 400~800 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) to E. coli and yeasts (C. albicans, Sacch. diastaticus). The ethanol extract had bactericidal action at higher concentration than MIC against B. subtilis, while the extract had only bacteriostatic action against S. aureus. The extracted antimicrobial substance was stable in the pH range of 4.0 to 10.0, heat treatment at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min, and freezing and thawing

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the cardioprotective effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Radix (SMR) on the pressure overload (PO)-induced heart failure (HF) by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6 mice through possible antioxidant effects. Methods: The mortality, body and heart weights, antioxidant defense system of the heart and histopathology of heart were analyzed. The obtained results were compared with resveratrol, in which potent cardioprotective effects on TAC mice model were already proved at a dose level of 10 mg/kg by antioxidant effects, as reference in this experiment. Results: Significant increases of mortalities, heart weights, and hypertrophic, lytic and focal fibrotic histological changes in the left ventricles were found with defects of heart antioxidant defense systems - the increases of heart cortex MDA contents, decreases of GSH contents, SOD and CAT activities in TAC control mice as compared with sham vehicle control mice, respectively. However, these HF signs induced by TAC surgery through PO and destroys heart antioxidant defense systems were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by 14 days continuous oral treatment of SMR 500, 250 and 125 mg/kg, similar to those of resveratrol 10 mg/kg in SMR 125 mg/kg. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study propose that oral administration of SMR potently alleviates PO-induced HF by TAC, through augmentation of heart antioxidant defense system.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2013

단삼(丹蔘) (Salvia miltiorrhiza)은 꿀풀과(일과(―科) Lamiaceae)에 속하는 다년생 초본으로, 중국이 원산지이며 약용하기 위해 우리나라에서도 널리 재배하고 있다. 신농본초경(神農本草經) 상품(上品)에 수재(收載)되어 있으며, 거어지통(祛瘀止痛), 양혈소종(凉血消腫), 청심제번(淸心除煩), 활혈조혈(活血調血) 등의 효능이 있어 부인과 질환에 많이 사용되고 있는 약재에 속한다. 본 연구에서는 단삼(丹蔘) 추출물이 흰쥐의 흉부 대동맥 절편에 어떠한 양상으로 작용하는지 확인하고자 하였으며, 그 결과 단삼 추출물 특히 헥산 분획에서 강력한 혈관 이완 작용이 나타났으며, 혈관 내피 세포의 존재 유무에 상관없이 농도 의존적으로 혈관을 이완시켰으나 혈관 내피 세포가 존재하는 상황에서 더욱 강력한 혈관 이완 작용을 보였다. 이러한 과정에 NO에 의한 cGMP 증가가 주요하게 작용하는 것으로 추정되었으며, 칼슘 통로 차단 효과에 의한 세포 내 $Ca^{2+}$의 감소도 관여하는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2020

In this study, the marker compound contents of both the taproot and lateral root of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix), which is cultivated in Korea, were investigated. The salvianolic acid B content was the highest in the taproot (5.17-6.75%) and lateral root (3.99-5.69%). The cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA contents were higher in the lateral root than in the taproot of Danshen (p <0.05). Principal component analysis results revealed that the taproot was correlated to the salvianic acid A, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid A contents, whereas the lateral root was correlated to the cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA contents. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of the taproot were higher than those of the lateral root (p <0.05); however, the antioxidant activities of the taproot and lateral root of Danshen were similar. The salvianolic acid B content was correlated to the TPC of the taproot (r=0.748) and the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging activity of the lateral root (r=0.847). This study could provide useful information for the classification of Danshen as a herbal medicinal product.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.14-26
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of Salvia miltiorrhizae Radix extract (SME) on endotoxin shock.Methods : We used two models; LPS-induced sepsis model for in vivo model, and murine peritoneal macrophages responses for in vitro. SME was administrated orally to mice. After 1 hr, LPS was injected intraperitoneally. Survival rate was checked each time per 12 hr for 5 days. Mice were sacrificed 3 hr after LPS injection, then blood samples and organs were harvested. Cytokines secretion was measured by ELISA. Organs tissues were observed with microscope. Murine peritoneal macrophages were cultured for 1 hr either in a medium alone or in a medium that contained SME, as indicated. Then, the cells were treated with LPS for 24 hr. mRNA levels of cytokines were measured by real-time RT-PCR. Cytokine levels in the supernatants were measured by ELISA. The amount of nitrite was measured by using the Griess method to evaluate NO production. The cell lysates were analysed by Western blotting using antibodies for iNOS and β-actin was used as an internal control to monitor equal protein loading.Results : SME improverd the survival rate of mice model. SME inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and organs damages on Endotoxin Shock model. SME suppressed cytokine expression, cytokine secretion,NO production, iNOS expression in LPS-induced murine peritoneal macrophages.Conclusions : The results suggest that SME has protective effects on endotoxin shock through suppression of inflammatory cytokines, organ damages, NO production and so on.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.22-32
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• 2004

Objectives: In order to determine the effect of CPs, experimental studies were performed in hyperlipidemia humans. The contents of serum total cholesterol, TG (triglyceride), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine were measured. Methods: We made a comparative study of total cholesterol, TG (triglyceride), LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine during one month off and on for twenty patients with hyperlipidemia who visited Gunpo Oriental Medical Center of Wonkwang University from December 2002 to July 2003. Results: The following result were obtained: 1. The serum TG and total cholesterol of patients who took CPs for one month showed significant (p<0.01) decrease. 2. The serum HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol of patients who took CPs for one month showed significantly increase in HDL, and decrease in LDL (p<0.05). 3. The serum AST/ALT and BUN/creatinine of patients who took CPs for one month showed no significant effects. Conclusions: According to the results mentioned above, the effects of CPs on serum triglyceride and total cholesterol of hyperlipidemia patients were significantly confirmed for decreasing effects.