• International journal of thyroidology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2018

Background and objectives: Salivary hypofunction is one of the common side effects after radioiodine therapy, and its pathophysiology is salivary ductal stenosis resulting from ductal cell injury. This study aimed to develop the functional culture environment of human parotid gland ductal cells in in vitro three-dimensional perfusion culture system. Materials and Methods: We compared plastic dish culture method and three-dimensional culture system containing Matrigel and nanofiber. Morphogenesis of reconstituted salivary structures was assessed by histomorphometry. Functional characteristics were assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (aquaporin 5, CK7, CK18, connexin 43, and p21). In addition, we designed the media perfusion culture system and identified higher rate of cell proliferation and expression of connexin 43 in perfusion system comparing to dish. Results: Human parotid ductal cells were well proliferated with the ductal cell characters under environment with Matrigel. In the presence of Matrigel, aquaporin 5, CK18 and connexin 43 were more expressed than 2D dish and 3D nanofiber setting. In the media perfusion culture system, ductal cells in 3D culture media showed higher cells count and connexin 43 expression compared to 2D dish. Conclusion: This in vitro ductal cell perfusion culture system using Matrigel could be used to study for radioiodine induced sialadenitis model in vivo.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.325-331
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• 1996

$^{99m}Tc$-pertechnetate를 이용하여 두경부암 환자에서 이하선과 악하선의 방사선 조사 전후 및 추적 검사에서 방사선 조사로 인한 타액선의 기능 변화, 기능저하의 회복 여부, 이하선과 악하선의 방사선에 대한 감수성 차이, 그리고 구강건조증이 있던 환자와 없던 환자 사이의 기능 저하 차이를 객관적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 방사선 치료를 받는 두경부암 환자중 방사성 동위원소를 이용하여 이하선과 악하선 기능 검사를 시행한 19명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. $^{99m}Tc$-pertechnetate를 이용한 이하선과 악하선 기능 검사는 측정된 방사능치에 의한 섭취 곡선과 구연산으로 자극하였을 때의 평균 배출율에 의한 배출 곡선을 포함하였다. 이하선과 악하선의 섭취 곡선에서는 방사선 치료전보다 치료 1주후에서 증가하였고 치료 2주후와 3주후 그리고 치료 종료시에서는 치료 전과 비슷하거나 약간 증가하였으며 방사선 치료 후에서는 시간이 지날수록 점점 감소하였다. 이하선과 악하선의 배출 곡선에서는 방사선 치료 시작부터 종료시까지는 급격히 감소하였고 방사선 치료 후 1년까지의 검사에서는 배출율이 회복되지 않았다. 이하선과 악하선의 방사선에 대한 감수성 차이는 나타나지 않았고 구강건조증을 호소하는 환자와 호소하지 않는 환자 사이의 이하선과 악하선의 평균 배출율 차이는 발견되지 않았다. $^{99m}Tc$-pertechnetate를 이용한 이하선과 악하선기능 검사로 방사선 치료에 따른 이하선과 악하선의 기능 변화를 객관적으로 평가할 수 있고, 방사선 치료후 1년까지는 이하선과 악하선의 기능 회복이 없어 방사선 치료를 받은 두경부암 환자의 타액선 기능에 관한 예후추정에 도움이 되리라 사료된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2004

목적 : 세기조절방사선치료(IMRT)를 시행받은 두경부암 환자군에서 구강건조증 지표들을 측정시점별로 비교분석 하고 이 지표들과 이하선에 조사된 방사선량과의 연관성을 분석하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2003년 2월부터 10월까지 두경부암으로 IMRT를 시행받은 13명을 대상으로 하였다. IMRT군의 연령은 43$\~$77세(중앙값 57세)이었고, 구강건조증을 평가하는 주관적 지표로서 4항목으로 구성된 구강지표점수(xerostomia questionnaire score: XQS)와 객관적 지표로서 자극유무에 따른 saliva의 분비량(unstimulated & stimulated salivary flow rate: USFR & SSFR)을 측정하였고, 주관적 그리고 객관적 통합지표로서 LENT SOMA scale(LSC)을 측정하였다. 측정시점은 치료 전, 치료 후 1개월, 3개월이었다. IMRT군 내에서 전체 환자군과 전체이하선에 조사된 평균방사선량을 기준으로 나눈 두 군에서의 측정시점에 따른 지표들 간 변화유무를 보았고, 나아가, 구강건조증지표들과 타액분비량 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 결과: IMRT군 전체13명 내에서 치료 전과 치료 후 1개월, 3개월에 측정된 XQS, LSC, USFR & SSFR은 유의한 변화가 없어 구강건조증의 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 전체이하선에 조사된 평균선량 3,500 cGy를 기준으로 환자군을 나누어 보았을 때, 3,500 cGy 미만 조사받은 8명의 환자군에서는 유의한 변화가 없었으나 3,500 cOy이상 조사받은 5명의 환자군에서는 XQS, LSC, SSFR그리고 USFR이 유의하게 증가되어 구강건조증의 발현이 관찰되었다. 또한, 각 지표들과 타액분비량 간의 상관관계를 보았을 때, 치료 후 1개월째에서 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았으나, 치료 후 3개월째에서 XQS, LSC가 커질수록 USFR, SSFR이 감소하는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구결과 IMRT는 구강건조증을 상당한 정도로 감소시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났고, XQS와 LSC이 유용한 임상지표로서의 가능성을 보였음을 알 수 있었다. 삶의 질을 저하할 정도의 심한 구강건조증을 피하기 위해서는 양측 이하선 전체에 조사되는 평균선량을 가능한 한 3,500 cGy미만으로 조사되도록 하여야 할 것으로 생각한다. 향후, 충분한 환자를 대상으로 하여 전체이하선의 평균선량에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 결과와 나아가 타액의 분비량을 대신할 수 있는 임상적지표를 선정하는 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.352-358
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• 2010

소아암 환자의 치료 방법으로 주로 사용되는 항암화학요법이나 방사선요법이 구강 건강에 미치는 영향은 매우 크다. 구강점막염, 타액 분비율의 변화, 구강내 감염을 야기할 수 있고, 부분무치증, 왜소치, 치근 발육이상, 저석회화증이 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구는 신경모세포종으로 치료 받은 환아들에 있어 항암치료가 치아우식증 발생 위험도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위해 실시되었다. 삼성서울병원 소아청소년과에 신경모세포종으로 내원하여 화학 및 방사선치료요법을 받은 환아들을 대상으로 Dentocult$^{(R)}$ SM, Dentobuff$^{(R)}$ Strip을 이용하여 항암치료 후의 타액 분비율, 타액 완충능, 타액 내의 Streptococcus mutans 수를 알아보고 정상 어린이들의 결과와 비교하였으며, 신경모세포종 환아에서 처음 치료를 시작한 나이, 치료 종결 후 경과 시간에 따라 치아우식활성도가 어떻게 달라지는지에 대해서도 알아보았다. 그 결과 타액 분비율은 환아가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 낮은 결과를 보인 반면(p<0.05), 타액 완충능과 Streptococcus mutans 수는 환아와 대조군 간에 유의성 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 환아에서 치료를 시작한 나이나 치료 종결 후 경과 시간에 따른 치아우식활성도에서도 통계적 유의차는 없었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3479-3482
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• 2013

Background: Proliferation markers widely have been used to diagnose and determine the behaviour and prognosis of benign and malignant tumours. Minichromosome maintenance 3 (MCM3) is a novel proliferation marker. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare MCM3 with Ki-67 in diagnosis of salivary gland tumours. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, immunohistochemical expression of MCM3 and Ki-67 was evaluated in 15 pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 17 mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MEC) and 18 adenoid cystic carcinomas (ADCC). Labeling indices (LIs) for the two markers were calculated and compared. Results: MCM3 and Ki-67 LIs were significantly higher in MEC and ADCC compared to PA. The LI of MCM3 was significantly higher than that of Ki-67 in MEC and PA. There was no significant difference between the two markers in ADCC. A cut-off point of 8% with 74.3% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for MCM3 was obtained to discern between benign and malignant tumors. Conclusions: These results suggest that MCM3 might be a useful proliferation marker for differential diagnosis and recognition of clinical behavior of salivary gland tumors.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2020

Patients diagnosed with cancer face mental problems such as alienation, isolation, anxiety about death and fear, recovering from psychological difficulties. In this study, a forest healing program was provided for cancer patients to recover from psychological stress, depression, social isolation and self-esteem caused by cancer and changes in salivary cortisol through psychological and emotional recovery were measured. From September 19 to November 28, 2017, a forest healing program composed of a total of 10 sessions, two hours per session was provided for 12 cancer patients in the Forest of Taegyo located in Yongin. Psychological tests were performed with Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS), Korean-version Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 18.0. The salivary cortisol level was measured along with the psychological tests and were analyzed by a specialized testing agency. The results of the analysis showed that the pre- and post-assessment score of SASS was 29.17 and 25.92, respectively, and that the pre- and post-assessment score of PSS was 30.50 and 23.92, respectively. The pre- and post-assessment score of BDI was 41.00 and 34.83, respectively, which showed significant differences. In addition, the pre- and post-assessment level of saliva cortisol was 3.13 and 1.68, respectively, showing a significant decrease. In short, the forest healing program was found to be effective in reducing physiological changes caused by social isolation and stress due to the emotional and psychological difficulties that the subjects who were diagnosed with cancer and were recovering from it have. In the future, it will be necessary to develop and implement a forest healing program by conducting a forest healing requirement survey on cancer patients.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2018

Patients with head and neck cancer are treated with therapeutic irradiation, which can result in irreversible salivary gland dysfunction. Because there is no complete cure for such patients, stem cell therapy is an emerging alternative for functional restoration of salivary glands. In this study, we investigated in vitro characteristics of primarily isolated epithelial cells from human salivary gland (Epi-SGs) and in vivo formation of acini-like structures by Epi-SGs. Primarily isolated Epi-SGs showed typical epithelial cell-like morphology and expressed E-cadherin but not N-cadherin. Epi-SGs expressed epithelial stem cell (EpiSC) and embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers. During long-term culture, the expression of EpiSC and ESC markers was highly detected and maintained within the core population with small size and low cytoplasmic complexity. The core population expressed cytokeratin 7 and cytokeratin 14, known as duct markers indicating that Epi-SGs might be originated from the duct. When Epi-SGs were transplanted in vivo with Matrigel, acini-like structures were readily formed at 4 days after transplantation and they were maintained at 7 days after transplantation. Taken together, our data suggested that Epi-SGs might contain stem cells which were positive for EpiSC and ESC markers, and Epi-SGs might contribute to the regeneration of acini-like structures in vivo. We expect that Epi-SGs will be useful source for the functional restoration of damaged salivary gland.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.41-51
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• 2008

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumor which compromises about 6$\sim$8% of all tumors followed by the adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) and adenocarcinoma. Most deaths from salivary carcinomas are caused by recurrent or metastatic lesions that are resistant to conventional therapy. Therefore, knowledge of cellular properties and tumor-host interactions that influence the vascular metastasis is important for the design of more effective therapy of salivary carcinomas. Neoangiogenesis is essential for tumor growth, which is postulated to be fundamentally dependent on the induction of stromal neovascularization. However, how neovascularization takes place in live tissue has not been fully established, especially in recruitment and differentiation of endothelial cells in the salivary gland tumors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a heparin-binding, dimeric polypeptide growth factor known to exert its mitogenic activity specifically on endothelial cells. VEGF has been shown th be directly involved in angiogenesis, which in essential for the pathogenesis of many solid tumors. von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a large multimeric protein synthesized by megakaryocytes and endothelial cells that enable platelets to adhere to exposed subendothelium and, as well, to respond to changes in the blood flow. Recent studies suggest that increased levels of vWF correlate with progression of disease, metastasis, or survival time and thus may have a prognostic significance. vWF is explained as an acute phase proteins which is increased in cancer or as a result of increased endothelial cell synthesis associated with tumor-induced angiogenesis. Due to adhesive properties of vWF, its increased concentrations may also contribute metastasis of tumor. In this study, we determined the mRNA expression of VEGF and vWF in salivary ACC, MEC and pleomorphic adenoma by in situ hybridization. As a result, stronger expression of VEGF and vWF was seen in salivary ACC and MEC which has more invasive nature than the salivary benign tumor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권14호
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• pp.5773-5777
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• 2015

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is thought to develop from precancerous dysplastic lesions through multistep processes of carcinogenesis involving activation of oncogenes and loss of tumor suppressor genes. The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2/neu [erbB-2]), a cell membrane glycoprotein, is a growth factor receptor that has receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Her2/neu activation plays a central role in cell proliferation and survival. It has been shown that overexpression of Her2/neu increases the rate of cell division and growth, leading to precancerous changes. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum and salivary Her2/neu levels between cases with premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples and unstimulated saliva by passive drooling were collected from three groups of healthy control (n=20), premalignant disorder (PMD) (n=20) and OSCC (n=25) subjects. The HER2 extracellular domain (HER2 ECD) levels were measured using ELISA. Results: The levels of serum Her2/neu showed no significant differences between any of the groups but on the other hand salivary Her2/neu levels were found to be significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared between control (median 68.7 pg/ml, range: 21.5 - 75.8) and OSCC (median 145.6 pg/ml, range: 45.1-191.1). A similar trend was observed when comparing between PMD (median 43.3, range: 22.1 -94.7) and OSCC with a statistical significance of p<0.05. Conclusions: Our study provided evidence of increased salivary Her2/neu in OSCC when compared to PMD and control which was not the case for serum levels. This suggests that probably Her2/neu is not highly amplified as in breast cancer so as to be reflected in serum. Since saliva is in local vicinity of the OSCC, even a mild increase might be mirrored. On the whole, this study proposes Her2/neu as marker for distinguishing premalignant and malignant conditions.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a constituent of turmeric powder derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been shown to inhibit the growth of various types of cancer cells by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. However, a need exists to design more effective analogs because of curcumin's poor intestinal absorption. EF-24 (diphenyl difluoroketone), the monoketone analog of curcumin, has shown good efficacy in anticancer screens. However, the effects of curcumin and EF-24 on salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells are not clearly established. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of curcumin and EF-24 on cell growth and induction of apoptosis in human salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells. Our studies showed that curcumin and EF-24 inhibited the growth of HTB-41 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the potency of EF-24 was > 34-fold that of curcumin. Treatment with curcumin or EF-24 resulted in nuclear condensation and fragmentation in HTB-41 cells, whereas the control HTB-41 cell nuclei retained their normal regular and oval shape. Curcumin and EF-24 promoted proteolytic cleavages of procaspase-3/-7/-9, resulting in an increase in the amount of cleaved caspase-3/-7/-9 in the HTB-41 cells. Caspase-3 and -7 activities were detected in viable HTB-41 cells treated with curcumin or EF-24. These results suggest that the curcumin and EF-24 inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in HTB-41 human salivary gland epidermoid carcinoma cells, and that they may have potential properties as an anti-cancer drug therapy.