• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.81-84
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• 2021

Salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva into the oral cavity, and secreted saliva plays essential roles in oral health. Therefore, maintaining the salivary glands in an intact state is required for proper production and secretion of saliva. To investigate a specific signaling pathway that might affect the maintenance of mouse submandibular gland (SMGs), RNA sequencing was performed. In SMGs, downregulated expression patterns of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway-related genes, including Rhoa, Rhob, Rhoc, Rock1, and Rock2, were observed. Gene expression profiling analyses of these genes indicate that the ROCK signaling pathway is a potential signal for SMG maintenance.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.71-73
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• 2014

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign mixed salivary gland neoplasm that accounts for 65% of all benign salivary glands tumors. While the majority arises from the parotid, only a 10% arises from the minor salivary glands. Pleomorphic adenoma of minor salivary gland in the palate is a common entity. However, they occur in the lip, cheek, tongue oropharynx and nasal cavity etc., rarely. We experienced a case of a 80 years old female presented a 10 years history of a right cheek mass which was proved to the pleomorphic adenoma on the histopathologic examination. We resected the mass and obtained good postoperative results. We report this case with a review of literature.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.245-248
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• 1976

A pleomorphic adenomas (so-called mixed tumors) predominantly localize in the salivary glands. of the mixed tumors affecting the major sailvary glands. 90% ocur in the parotid gland, about 9% occur in the submaxillary gland, and 1% occur in the sublingual gland. The sites of origin of tumors of the inor salivary glands, in order of frequency, are the palate, lip, tongue, cheek, anf floor of the mouth. In the case of reported here a tremendous large pleomorphic adenima (weighting 580gm, measuring 18X7cm) occuerd in the submaxilly gland which had been growing for about 20 years.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.299-304
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• 2017

Objectives: To test the feasibility of submandibular salivary gland (SMG) replantation techniques and the survival of the replanted glands. Such a study can provide a rationale for later allotransplantation procedures, along with implementation of conventional and advanced immunosuppression therapy. Materials and Methods: Six SMG replantations were performed in New Zealand white rabbits. One week postoperatively, $^{99m}Tc$ scintigraphy was performed and the uptake ratio and salivary excretion fraction were calculated. Two to four weeks later, submandibular glands were excised, fixed, and stained with H&E for histomorphometric evaluation. Results: Intraoperatively, all glands showed patent blood perfusion except gland 5. Positive tracer uptake and saliva excretion were documented by scintigraphy. On excision, all of the glands except glands 4 and 5 looked viable, with a red color and patent pedicles. Gland 4 was infected and filled with creamy pus, while gland 5 looked pale and necrotic. Histologically, glands 1, 2, 3, and 6 had preserved normal glandular tissue with slight variations from the contralateral normal glands, as their parenchyma was composed of mildly atrophic acini. Conclusion: Four out of six replanted SMGs successfully survived. The glands maintained good viability and function. Such success depends on safe harvesting, short anastomosis time, and strict control of infection.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: Salivary gland tumors are relatively rare and constitute 3% to 4% of all head and neck neoplasms. Their relative infrequency, inconsistent classification, and highly variable biologic behavior make some difficulty, but some general features can be drawn regarding the incidence, pathology, and pattern of behavior of the various benign and malignant tumors of salivary glands. The present study aims to provide a clinical characteristics of salivary gland tumors. Materials and Methods: We analyzed retrospectively clinical features of the 138 patients who were treated surgically at Chonbuk National University Hospital from 1992 through 2002. Results: We found 107 benign and 31 malignant tumors. Among the patients, 58 were males and 80 were females. The most common age group was the fifties. The most common site of both benign and malignant was parotid gland in major salivary glands and palatal region in minor salivary glands. The most common presenting symptom was palpable mass in both benign and malignant tumor. Histopathologically, the most common type was pleomorphic adenoma in benign tumor and mucoepidermoid carcinoma in malignant tumor. All cases were treated surgically and the most common postoperative complications was transient facial nerve weakness. Conclusion: 138 cases of salivary gland tumors were presented with respect to their clinical features.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.341-358
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• 1997

Clusterin is a highly glycosylated protein composed of two disulfide linked subunits. Although its biolobical action is not clearly defined, clusterin seems to be involved not only in remodeling of damaged tissue, but also in production of halitosis, the present study was designated to elucidate the expression of clusterin in the salivary gland of diabetic rats. For this study, 24 Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the experiment and divided into 2groups: control and experimental. The experimental group was composed of 18 rats and the control goup was 6 rats. After nduction of diabetes by STZ injection, the animals were sacrificed at 1,3,5,7,10,14 days. The parotid and submamndibular glands were observed histologically and the transcriptional expression of clusterin in the glands by Northern blot. The finding were as follows : 1. In experimental group, the salivary glands were observed at day 3 and then a seven destructive pattern was found in the glands at day 5. Howere, regeneration of gland tissue occured at day 14. 2. In experimental goup, destructive change was examined in the septal connective tissue after 7 days, and gradually more serious. 3. In experimental group, clusterin was expressed in the submandibular glands after 5 days, but in parotid glands to a lesser extent after 10 days. These results suggest that clusterin seems to be closely associated with histologic changes in the mucous glands rather serous glands.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2005

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of salivary glands has a protracted clinical course with perineural invasion, delayed onset of hematogenous metastasis, and poor responses to classical cytotoxic chemotherapic agents. Most deaths from salivary ACC are caused by lung metastases that are resistant to conventional therapy. Therefore, knowledge of cellular properties and tumor-host interactions that influence the dissemination of metastatic cells is important for the design of more effective therapy of salivary cancer. I determined in vitro expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream effectors and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 on a human salivary ACC cell line (ACC2). I also evaluated the expression of EGF and VEGF signaling molecules and metastasis-related proteins on human salivary ACC cells orthotopically growing in nude mice. In Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses, EGFR and VEGFR-2 were presented and phosphorylated in ACC2 cells. In human parotid cancer xenografts in nude mice, EGF and VEGF signaling molecules, IL-8, and MMP-9 were expressed at markedly higher levels than in normal parotid tissues. Moreover, tumor-associated endothelial cells of this orthotopic parotid tumor expressed phosphorylated VEGFR-2 and phosphorylated Akt, which is a cell-survival protein. These data show that those biomarkers can be molecular targets for therapy of salivary ACC, which has a propensity for delayed lung metastasis.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.243-249
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• 1997

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant salivary gland tumor with typical histologic patterns. The majority of these tumors occurs in the minor salivary glands. especially mucosa of the hard palate. The authors experienced the patients, who complained the tumor-like soft tissue masses on the palatal and mouth floor area. After careful analysis of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings, we diagnosed them as adenoid cystic carcinomas in the minor salivary glands, and obtained results were as follows : 1. Main clinical symptoms were a slow growing soft tissue mass with normal intact mucosa on the palatal area, and soft tissue mass with mild pain on the mouth floor area. 2. In the radiographic exarnminations, soft tissue masses were observed with invasion to adjacent structures, and moderate defined, heterogeneous soft tissue mass with enhanced margin, respectively. 3. In the histopathologic exarnminations, dark-stained, small uniform basaloid cells in the hyaline or fibrous stroma were observed as solid and cribriform patterns, respectively.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.32.1-32.20
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• 2022

Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that primarily targets the salivary and lacrimal glands. The pathology of these exocrine glands is characterized by periductal focal lymphocytic infiltrates, and both T cell-mediated tissue injury and autoantibodies that interfere with the secretion process underlie glandular hypofunction. In addition to these adaptive mechanisms, multiple innate immune pathways are dysregulated, particularly in the salivary gland epithelium. Our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of SS has substantially improved during the past decade. In contrast to viral infection, bacterial infection has never been considered in the pathogenesis of SS. In this review, oral dysbiosis associated with SS and evidence for bacterial infection of the salivary glands in SS were reviewed. In addition, the potential contributions of bacterial infection to innate activation of ductal epithelial cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and B cells and to the breach of tolerance via bystander activation of autoreactive T cells and molecular mimicry were discussed. The added roles of bacteria may extend our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for this autoimmune exocrinopathy.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2017

The ultrastructures of the secretory acinar granules of submandibular and parotid salivary gland were examined in the Korean striped field mouse, Apodemus agraius. The acini of the submandibular salivary gland had serous and mucous acinar cells filled with numerous secretory granules. The serous acinar granules had uniformly fine dense contents and were round typed with a definite boundary between the granules. The mucous acinar granules were relatively coarse, with moderate density, and clustered together as a result of the indistinct boundaries between the granules. The acini of the parotid salivary glands contained only serous cells filled with numerous round-typed serous acinar granules. Serous acinar granules had uniformed dense matrix and definite boundaries. The ultrastructures without substructure in a matrix of serous and mucous acinar granules in the submandibular and parotid salivary glands of A. agraius were similar to those of species of Rodentia but different from those of Soricidae in Korea with a characteristic substructure in a matrix. This ultrastructure and charateristics in secretory acinar granules provide fundamental data for molecular comparisions of genetic relationships and are one of the key methods for classifying A. agraius.