• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

The periodontal ligament(PDL) is a unique tissue that is crucial for tooth function. However, little is known of the molecular mechanisms controlling PDL function. PDL-specific protein;PDLs22 had been previously identified as a novel protein isolated from cultured human PDL fibroblasts using subtraction hybridization between human gingival fibroblasts and PDL fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern and tissue localization of PDLs22 protein in embryonic and various postnatal stages of developing mouse using immunohistochemical staining. Embryos (E18) and postnatal (P1, P4, P5, P15, P18) were decapitated and the heads were fixed overnight in a freshly prepared solution of 4% paraformaldehyde. Some specimens were decalcified for $2{\sim}4$ weeks in a solution containing 10% of the disodium salt of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Next, tissues were dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sectioned serially at $6{\mu}m$ in thickness. Polyclonal antiserum raised against PDLs22 peptides, ISNKYLVKRQSRD, were made. The localization of PDLs22 in tissues was detected by polyclonal antibody against PDLs22 by means of immunohistochemical staining. The results were as follows; 1. Expression of PDLs22 protein was not detected in the tooth germ of bud and cap stage. 2. At the late bell stage and root formation stage, strong expression of PDLs22 protein was observed in developing tooth follicle, osteoblast-like cells, and subodontoblastic cells in the tooth pulp, but not in gingival fibroblasts, ameloblasts and odontoblasts of tooth germ 3. In erupted tooth, PDLs22 protein was intensely expressed in PDL and osteoblast-like cells of alveolar bone, but not in gingival fibroblasts, mature osteocytes and adjacent salivary glands. 4. In the developing alveolar bone and mid-palatal suture, expression of PDLs22 protein was seen in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and osteoblast-like cells of developing mid-palatal suture, but not in mature osteocytes and chondrocytes. These results suggest that PDLs22 protein may play an important role in the differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells in the bone marrow and PDL cells, which can differentiate into multiple cell types including osteoblasts, cementoblasts, and PDL fibroblasts. However, more researches should be performed to gain a better understanding of the exact function of PDLs22 protein which related to the PDL cell differentiation.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제104권1호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2015

본 연구는 산림 내 호수 주변에서의 산책과 경관감상이 인체에 미치는 생리적, 심리적 영향을 과학적으로 밝혀내고자 수행되었다. 실험지는 일본 아오모리현에 위치한 주니코(十二湖)주변의 산림으로 하였으며, 대조실험은 역 주변의 도시부에서 실시하였다. 실험 대상은 일본인 남자 대학생 11명($22.0{\pm}1.2$세)으로 하였다. 생리평가의 측정지표로 심박변이도, 심장박동수, 혈압, 맥박수 및 타액 중 코티솔 농도를 사용하였으며, 심리평가의 측정지표로 간이형 SD법, 스트레스-리프레쉬감 조사, POMS 및 STAI 상태불안을 사용하였다. 피험자는 산림과 도시에서 각각 1회씩 15분 동안 보행 및 경관감상을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 산림 내 호수 주변에서의 보행 및 경관감상은 도시와 비교하여, 부교감신경활동의 활성, 교감신경활동의 억제, 심장박동수, 혈압, 맥박수의 저하, 타액 중 코티솔 농도의 저하를 유발시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. 심리평가 결과, 쾌적감, 진정감, 자연감 및 리프레쉬감의 상승, 기분상태의 개선, 그리고 불안감의 저하를 보였다. 결론적으로, 산림 내 호수 주변에서의 산책 및 경관감상은 생리적, 심리적 안정 효과를 유발시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.497-503
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• 2011

본 연구는 노인을 대상으로 구강기능향상을 위한 프로그램을 3개월간 실시하고, 프로그램 전 후의 변화를 확인하고자 구강기능향상의 주관적 지표와 측정평가를 통한 객관적 평가를 실시하였으며, SPSSWIN 18.0을 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 주관적 전신건강인지에 있어서 좋다고 생각하는 경우가 시행전에 19.1%였으나 시행후에는 21.4%로 높아졌고, 구강건강인지에 있어서도 건강하다고 생각하는 경우가 시행전에 19.1%였으나 시행후에는 26.1%로 높아졌다. 2. 구강기능관련 주관적 지표 변화는 대부분의 문항에서 시행전보다 시행후에 구강기능에 대한 문제점들이 줄어드는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 타액량이 적다는 느낌, 취침 중 입마름으로 인한 잠깨기, 평소 입마름 증상, 입마름으로 인한 일상생활의 불편에 관한 문항에 있어서는 통계적으로도 유의한 차이를 보였다. 3. 측정평가에 의한 구강기능의 변화는 타액량에 있어서는 1.19에서 1.30로 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 약간의 변화가 있었고, 개구량에 있어서는 시행전 4.22에서 시행후 4.53로, 발음상태는 시행전 30.52개에서 시행후 38.88개로 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 4. 전체 프로그램에 대한 만족도는 4.48점으로 매우 높은 만족도를 보였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 구강보건전문가는 물론 프로그램 운영자는 대상자들이 흥미롭게 꾸준히 프로그램에 참여할 수 있는 방안에 대한 노력과 더불어 실제 소수의 보건소나 치과임상에서 시행되고 있는 입체조 프로그램을 활성화시켜 지역사회 노인 운동프로그램의 일환으로 정착될 수 있는 노력이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2001

Background and Objectives： Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive, often indolent tumor, with a high incidence of distant metastasis (DM). Relatively little has been written about the factor that influence distant spread and subsequent survival because it is uncommon and has protracted clinical course. We attempted to reemphasize the biologic behavior of ACC by investigating the relationship between the clinical features and prognosis. Materials and Methods : We have retrospectively studied 24 determinate patiens who received definitive treatment in our hospital between 1984 and 1995 for ACC in all salivary sites. Inclusion criteria were no prior treatment elsewhere other than excisional biopsy and eligibility for follow-up of at least 5 years. Variables assessed for their impact on distant metastasis included age, gender, size, node status, stage, histologic pattern, locoregional treatment failure. Results : Treatment failure occurred in a total of 16 of 24 determinate Patients (64%), 12 of whom had DM (50%). This was usually associated with locoregional recurrence (8 patients), but DM was the only indication of failure in 4 whose primary tumor was controlled. Of the 12 patients with known DM, the lung was recored as the only involved site in 7 Patients, lung was involved in addition to other sites in 1, bone and liver metastasis occurred in 2 respectively. Disease-free intervals varied from 3 month to 14 years (median 3 years). The only significant factors influencing survival were the size of the primary tumor, locoregional recurrence. Conclusion : The high incidence of DM with locoregional failure confirms the importance of aggressive initial surgery. combined with irradiation, for high-stage tumors or involved surgical margins. Large tumor size and locoregional recurrence, rather than microscopic appearance, were predictive of DM.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2011

타석은 타액선에 발견되는 흔한 병리 상태 중 하나이다. 타석의 형성과 관련된 기전은 아직까지 명확하게 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 악하선의 만성타액선염을 앓고 있는 58세 여성 환자로부터 얻은 타석을 전자현미경 및 에너지분산 X선 분광법을 통해 화학적인 조성과 미세형상을 분석하였다. 전자현미경 평가에서 고도로 광화된 무정형 핵이 층판의 동심원상 구조로 둘러싸인 형태가 관찰되었으나, 이물질, 유기물질 또는 미생물의 소견은 확인되지 않았다. 에너지분산 X선 분광 분석에서 중심부 핵은 Ca, O 및 P로만 구성되어 있었고, C도 중심부 근처에서 높은 함량으로 검출되었다. 이러한 결과는 타석의 무기물 조성은 주로 수산화인회석 결정으로 되어 있고 중심핵 주변으로 무기-유기 구조가 형성되어 있어, 악하선관 내 타석의 핵이 무기결정핵의 성장을 촉진하는 타액선염에 의해 이차적으로 형성되었을 가능성을 제시한다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.245-259
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• 1998

Cellular transforming genes have been identified in a number of different tumor cell lines and tumor types. A significant number of these oncogenes belong to the ras gene family. The ras gene family consists of three closely related genes:H-ras, K-ras and N-ras which code for a related 21 kDa protein. Mutations in codon 12, 13 and 61 of one of the three ras genes convert these genes into acute oncogenes. The presence of H-ras gene mutations has important prognostic implications in various tumors. Each genomic DNA was isolated from tumors induced by implantation with DMBA, or by treatment with DMBA -implantation/irradiation. When genome DNA was transfected into NIH 3T3 cells and investigated by two-step PCR-RFLP, the fOllowing results were concluded: 1. Transformation foci developed in two groups when the genome DNA of two experimental groups were transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. 2. Transformation efficiency was 0.01-0.02 foci/㎍DNA in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation, 0.01-0.03 foci/㎍lgDNA in the experimental group with the DMBA-implantation/irradiation according to results of transfection assay. 3. When the point mutation of H-ras gene was investigated by a two-step PCR-RFLP, there was 13.9％ (5/36) in the experimental group with the DMBA implantation, 15.4 ％ (6/39) in the experimental group with the DMBA -implantation/irradiation. 4. The point mutation in codon 12 and 61 of H-ras was 5.6％(2/36) and 8.3％(3/36) in the experimental group with the DMBA implantation. 5. The point mutation in codon 12 and 61 of H-ras gene was 7.7％(3/39) in the experimental group with the DMBA -implantation/irradiation.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.271-279
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• 1994

${\alpha}$-Amylase와 glucoamylase를 동시에 안정하게 분비하여 전분을 일단계로 직접 에탄올로 발효시킬수 있는 효모 균주를 개발하기 위하여 glucoamylase를 분비하는 Saccharomyces diastaticus hybrid 균주에 쥐의 침샘 유래의 ${\alpha}$-amylase cDNA 유전자를 plasmid vector를 이용하여 도입하였다. 이 균주로부터 효소생산에 필요한 유전자를 잃어버림이 없이 안정하게 분비할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 $\alpha$-amylase 유전자를 효모의 염색체에 삽입시키기 위한 integrating plasmid vector인 YIpMS$\Delta$R(LEU2)를 제작하였다. 이 vector의 효모형질전환에 있어 원형(circular)상태와 제한 효소 XbaI으로 처리된 직선화된(linearized) 상태의 두가지 형태를 비교한 결과 형질전환 효율에서나 형질전환체내의 $\alpha$-amylase 유전자 보유정도가 모두 직선화된 형태의 경우가 원형상태의 경우보다 높았다. Linearized vecotr를 가진 효모 형질전환체에서의 유전자 발현 안정도는 세포분열을 거듭할수록 episomal vecotr에 의한 효모 형질전환체에서의 발현 안정도보다 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 이 linearized vector를 가진 형질전환체는 $\alpha$-amylase와 glucoamylase를 동시에 분비하여 glucoamylase만 분비하는 원균주보다 2배 이상의 전분분해력을 보였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 1979

Up to the present there were the blood transfusion and the use of apparatus not to sterilize at surgical operation and medical treatments in well known infectious ways of hepatitis B virus. But all its ways were still not surely known. As the other ways of hepatitis B virus infection, it was suggested that contagion such as kissing, sexual contact, homosexuality, and varieties discharged out human body urine, stool, tear, salivary, menstrual blood, Vaginal discharge etc, and low economic status, unsanitary environmental life, alcohol and smoking related to hepatitis B virus infection. From 800 waitress who frequently contact with a lot of drinker with low economic status and unclear environmental life, this study were investigated HBs Ag (Hepatitis B surface antigen) known marker for hepatitis B virus infection in their serum, and a few conditions of their private life in order to known dangerous rate b~ing exposed to the source of hepatitis B virus infection as comparison with control group. The results were summarlized as following 1. The positive rate of HBs Ag (4.3%) was significantly higher in waitress than in control group(1.1%). 2. In waitress old, 20-24 ages group was the most as 59.5%, and positive rate of HBs Ag was trend of higher in twenties than thirties. 3. Among the waitress, one that it was less than a year were the most (62.4%) in the period to work at restaurant business, and positive rate of HBs Ag was trend of higher in propotion to period to work at there. 4. Among the waitress, one who entertained to beer hall was the most (46%), and they were trend of higher in positive rate of HBs Ag (6.3%) than other waitress. 5. Among the waitress, one to drink with smoking, and only to drink, and only to smoke, and not to drink and smoke 66.1%, 21.5%, 4.6% and 7.8%. Espically in one to drink with smoking, ther was trend of indicating the high positve rate of HBs Ag, and it was made suspicion of the relationship of alcohol smoking, contact with a lot of drinker, unclear environment to hepatitis B virus infection. In the above results, it was found that dangerous rate being exposed in hepatitis B virus infection was high in the waitress. Therefore there are required for active preventions against hepatitis B virus infection them. Also as it is possible to be infectious source in public health that waitress infected to viral hepatitis, it is thought that appropriate rules about them.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.189-202
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the tongue coating pattern in the elderly patients with xerostomia. Methods Ninety-six elderly patients with xerostomia were recruited by advertisement and they visited the oral diseases clinics at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital and Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong from November, 2011 to August, 2013. After signifying the assent, the subjects who passed screening were enrolled this study. The subjects were evaluated on their clinical characteristics of xerostomia using visual analogue scale for xerostomia, dry mouth questionnaire, unstimulated salivary flow rate. In addition, Yin-deficiency questionnaire was used to evaluate the Yin-deficiency state and Winkel tongue coating index and Digital Tongue imagin system were used to measure the tongue coating of patients. Results The proportion of women was higher than that of men, and there were few smokers in this study population. This population had chronic and relatively severe xerostomia symptoms. Also, thin coating pattern was showed in this elderly patients with xerostomia and this result was regarded to the influence of Yin-deficiency. The thin coating patten was observed in the group with higher Yin-deficiency score. There was no difference in tongue coating between the hyposalivation and normosalivation group. Conclusion In the elderly patients with xerostomia, Yin-deficiency is might be considered as one of the main cause of xerostomia. Hence, it is thought that this patients showed the thin coating pattern. This results could be used in diagnosis and treatment for the elderly patients with xerostomia in traditional Korean medicine.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2013

전신형 PHA 1은 ENaC의 ${\alpha}$ (SCNN1A), ${\beta}$ (SCNN1B), ${\gamma}$ (SCNN1G) 아단위를 암호화하는 유전자의 변이로 경상피나트륨 수송의 결함으로 발생하게 되며 신생아기에 생명을 위협하는 염분 소실, 고칼륨혈증, 대사성 산증이 발생하게 된다. 또한 신장 뿐 아니라 대장, 침샘, 땀샘 및 호흡기상피 등의 다양한 표적 기간에서 전신적으로 알도스테론에 대한 저항성이 나타난다. 최근 전신형 PHA 1의 임상상과 유전자형 및 이환된 환아들의 장기 추적 결과에 대한 보고가 되고 있으나 질환의 희소성으로 임상 표현형을 설명하기는 어려운 실정이다. 저자들은 사망을 초래할 수 있는 심각한 전해질 이상을 보인 환아에서 PHA를 의심하여 염분 및 양이온 교환수지를 투여하여 효과적으로 전해질 교정이 되어 추적관찰 중이며, 유전자 검사를 통해 missense mutation을 나타낸 전신형 PHA1을 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.