• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2020

Xerostomia is a relatively common oral disease that causes various problems such as pain, discomforted, tissue damage, and infection. When the activity of AQPs, which plays an important role in the microbial channel transmembrane activity in tissues, decreases saliva secretion and the oral cavity dryness occurs. In this study, we observed whether there was a change in tissue through the expression level of AQP-5 in the submandibular gland in the 4-DAMP-induced xerostomia model. First, in order to construct a xerostomia model, 4-DAMP (1 mg/kg) and 20% urethane (0.5 mL/kg) were administered intraperitoneal (i.p.) to experimental animals. To observe the changes in the submandibular gland was excised, H&E staining was performed and protein quantitation analysis was performed using the submandibular tissue to observe the changes in AQP5 protein expression involved in changes in saliva secretion. Also, cinnamaldehyde (5, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg) dissolved in 20% DMSO, in distilled water for each concentration, and then orally administered at a dose of 1 mL for biopsy and protein quantitative analysis. As a result, it was observed that the submandibular tissue, a model of xerostomia was wider than the naïve group. And then western blot analysis, the expression level of AQP5 decreased in the 4-DAMP group compared to the naïve group, and the expression increased in the group administered orally with cinnamaldehyde. Therefore, administration of 4-DAMP resulted in histological changes for xerostomia, and cinnamaldehyde would be a material that can be developed by reducing xerostomia.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.55-65
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• 2008

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between dental status and oral function by analyzing those in some long-term care elderly patients. Methods: It performed oral examination and 4 oromotor function examinations such as repeated swallowing function, correct pronunciation function, saliva secretion rate and maximum mouth opening to 91 elderly patents aged 65 and older in the municipal geriatric hospital located in Cheonan. Results: Dental status of patients such as the number of dental caries, treated teeth, retained teeth and function teeth were better in mobile elderly patients than in immobile elderly patients. Attachment rate of dental plaque and the number of teeth being extracted were more in mobile patients than in immobile patients. More retained teeth, the number of function teeth and dental caries and the score in pronunciation status test were significantly higher. With more function teeth, the score in pronunciation status test was significantly higher. As saliva secretion rate is higher, repeated swallowing function was significantly better. repeated swallowing function rate is higher pronunciation status was significantly better. Conclusions: With the results of this study, it was found that among long-term care elderly patients, oral function was worse in immobile patients than in mobile patients. Therefore, it may be necessary to plan and perform an oral function improvement program preferentially for elderly patients requiring long-term care.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.253-256
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• 2020

Parotid gland plays the most critical role in saliva secretion in the oral cavity. Parotid gland injuries due to facial trauma can cause various complications such as formation of a fistula or sialocele. Thus, such saliva-related complications can interfere with wound healing and increase the risk of infection. Several previous studies have discussed the treatment of fistula or sialocele. Nonetheless, prevention of such complications is of utmost importance. We present a case of parotid gland injury due to trauma to the cheeks that was surgically treated, with early postoperative management involving oral administration of nortriptyline and closed drainage, without complications.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the rate of salivation before and after olfactory stimulation using BPO (black pepper oil) and then, to collect basic data for screening the possibility of introducing olfactory stimulus to prevent and improve dry mouth. Methods: The subjects in this study were 60 college students in Jeon-Nam province. The subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups; the BPO group (n=20), the lavender oil (LVO) group (n=20), and the distilled water (DW) group (n=20). The amount of whole saliva before and after olfactory stimulation was measured 14 times for a 4-week period. Results: In the BPO and LVO groups, the amount of whole saliva increased after the olfactory stimulation and it was most prominent in the BPO group (p<0.05). The difference of whole salivation was higher in the BPO group (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference in the salivary flow rate in the DW group. After 14 times of measurement for 4 weeks, the BPO and LVO groups showed an increase in salivary rate at an early stage compared without stimulation (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the middle. Since the twelfth measurement, whole saliva secretion increased and maintained the elevated level (p<0.05). Conclusions: The olfactory stimulation using BPO may contribute to stimulating salivation. Further studies are needed for subjects with dry mouth symptoms. In the future, qualitative and quantitative studies should be conducted for people who complains about oral dryness.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.157-161
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• 2018

A sialocele is a subcutaneous cavity containing saliva, most often caused by facial trauma or iatrogenic complications. In subcondylar fractures, most surgeons are conscious of facial nerve injury; however, they usually pay little attention to the parotid duct injury. We report the case of a 41-year-old man with a sialocele, approximately $5{\times}3cm$ in size, which developed 1 week after subcondylar fracture reduction. The sialocele became progressively enlarged despite conservative management. Computed tomography showed a thin-walled cyst between the body and tail of the parotid gland. Fluid leakage outside the cyst was noted where the skin was thin. Sialography showed a cutting edge of the inferior interlobular major duct before forming the common major duct that seemed to be injured during the subcondylar fracture reduction process. We decided on prompt surgical treatment, and the sialocele was completely excised. A duct from the parotid tail, secreting salivary secretion into the cyst, was ligated. Botulinum toxin was administrated to block the salivary secretion and preventing recurrence. Treatment was successful. In addition, we found that parotid major ducts are enveloped by the deep lobe and extensive dissection during the subcondylar fracture reduction may cause parotid major duct injury.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.185-191
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• 2018

Alcohol intake is known to affect various organs in the human body, causing reduction of salivation in the oral cavity. Hypo-salivation effect of alcohol is a common feature, but the mechanism in salivary glands is still poorly studied. Therefore, in this study, the changes in salivary secretion and water channel protein (aquaporin5, AQP5) in salivary glands of mice were investigated after ethanol administration. Animals were divided in to 4 groups with the control, 4 g/kg ethanol, 8 g/kg ethanol and 16 g/kg ethanol administration groups. One hour after ethanol administration, saliva was collected from the oral cavity, and the animals were killed and parotid and submandibular glands were extracted to analyze the histopathology, AQP5 immunihistochemistry and AQP5 protein level. According to the results, the salivation rate decreased irrespective of the ethanol dose in mice, and viscosities increased with increase in ethanol dose. However, there were no pathological changes in parotid and submandibular glands due to ethanol administration. Expression of AQP5 in parotid and submandibular glands decreased with increase ethanol administration These results indicate that the reduction of salivary secretion due to acute alcohol intake is closely related to decrease of the water channel protein such as AQP5 in parotid glands and submandibular glands, rather than the damage of salivary glands.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2006

The effects of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) on salivary glands have been recognized since 1982. The presence of purinergic recepetors(P2Rs) that mediate the effects of ATP in various tissues, including parotid and submandibular salivary gland, has been supported by the cloning of receptor cDNAs and the expression of the receptor proteins. P2Rs have many subtypes, and the activation of these receptor subtypes increase intracellular $Ca^{2+}$, a key ion in the regulation of the secretion in the salivary gland. The apical pores of taste buds in circumvallate and foliate papillae are surrounded by the saliva from von Ebner salivary gland(vEG). Thus, it is important how the secretion of vEG is controlled. This study was designed to elucidate the roles of P2Rs on salivary secretion of vEG. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (about 200 g) were used for this experiment. vEG-rich tissues were obtained from dissecting $500-1,000\;{\mu}m$ thick posterior tongue slices under stereomicroscope view. P2Rs mRNA in vEG acinar cells were identified with RT-PCR. To observe the change in intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ activity, we employed $Ca^{2+}-ion$ specific fluorescence analysis with fura-2. Single acinar cells and cell clusters were isolated by a sequential trypsin/collagenase treatment and were loaded with $10\;{\mu}M$ fura -2 AM for 60 minutes at room temperature. Several agonists and antagonists were used to test a receptor specificity. RT-PCR revealed that the mRNAs of $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$ and $P2Y_3$ are expressed in vEG acinar cells. The intracellular calcium activity was increased in response to $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP, a P2Rs agonist, and 2-MeSATP, a $P2Y_1$ and $P2Y_2R$ agonist. However, $300\;{\mu}M\;{\alpha}{\beta}-MeATP$, a $P2X_1$ and $P2X_3R$ agonist, did not elicit the response. The responses elicited by $10\;{\mu}M$ ATP and UTP, a $P2Y_2R$ agonists, were maintained when extracellular calcium was removed. $10\;{\mu}M$ suramin, a P2XR antagonist, and reactive blue 2, a P2YR antagonist, partially blocked ATP-induced response. However, when extracellular calciums were removed, suramin did not abolish the responses elicited by ATP. These results suggest that P2Rs play an important role in salivary secretion of vEG acinar cells and the effects of ATP on vEG salivary secretion may be mediated by $P2X_4$, $P2Y_1$, $P2Y_2$, and/or $P2Y_3$.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1995

The Purpose of this article is to describe the biochemical properties and biological functions of several salivary proteins that possess the unusual properties of inhibiting spontaneous and secondary precipitation of calcium phosphate. This function is very important since human salivary secretion is supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphate. Biological function of statherin, proline rich protein (PRP) and histidine rich protein (HRP) is to inhibit precipitation of calcium phosphate in salivary glands, in the oral fluids, and onto tooth surfaces. The resulting supersaturated state of the salivary secretions contributes a protective and reparative environment which is important for the integrity of the tooth. Beneficial consequences of salivary supersaturation with respect to calcium phosphate are selectively expressed in the oral cavity- that is, protection is provided for the dental enamel-while undesirable consequences, for example, precipitation of calcium phosphates in the salivary glands and onto the teeth do not occur. Purification and structural characteristics of these proteins as well as clinical significance of functions of each protein will be discussed.

• 대한의료기공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-58
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• 2009

1. The rapid increasing elderly population represents a significant increase in the population with dementia. So, studies on the method for the prevention of dementia are necessary. 2. In oriental medicine, the causes of dementia are based on the deficiency of Jeong(精;essence of the body), the lack of bone marrow, and abnormal brain function. Emotional stress, bad habits of lifestyle including eating habits are also responsible for dementia. They causes dementia by blocking the circulation of Gi(氣) such as Suseunghwagang(水升火降;ascending kidney water and descending heart fire) and suppressing the function of Danjeon(丹田; the hypogastric center). 3. Gochi(叩齒) is a sort of mastication that facilitate salivation and secretion of parotin, next step is swallowing saliva. These supplement Jeong(精) of the five viscera and the six entrails(五臟六腑), promote Suseunghwagang(水升火降), and advance the function of the hypogastric center (丹田) and activate the brain. 4. So this paper draw a conclusion that Gochi(叩齒) is negatively related to the causes of dementia and it will be useful in preventing dementia.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2016

본 연구는 구강체조와 구강근육마사지를 접목한 구강근육운동을 매뉴얼화하여 운영 형태에 따른 프로그램의 비교를 통해 효과적인 프로그램 운영방식을 제안하기 위한 것으로 자가 실천 프로그램을 적용한 한울노인대학 노인 14명과 전문가 개입 프로그램을 적용한 강릉종합사회복지관 이용 노인 28명을 대상으로 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 전문가 개입 집단에서 프로그램 운영 후 타액분비율이 증가하고, 주관적 구강건조증의 완화되었으나, 자가 실천 집단은 주관적 구강건조증에서 긍정적인 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 두 집단에 대하여 프로그램 만족도를 비교한 결과, 자가 실천 집단이 전문가 개입 집단보다 프로그램 내용, 방법, 자신의 구강 건강관리 도움, 계속 참여 의향, 타인에게 권유의향이 통계적 유의성을 확인할 수 없었으나, 대체적으로 높게 평가되었다. 연구기간 중 대상자 모집의 한계로 표본수가 적고, 개입기간이 짧았던 한계가 있으나 본연구를 통해 구강체조와 구강근육마사지의 복합적 적용인 구강근육운동 프로그램의 효과를 확인할 수 있었고, 특히 노인의 자발적 구강건강 행동 유지의 어려움이 있으므로 일정 정도의 전문가 개입이 필요함을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 노인의 특성에 따라서 자가실천 구강근육운동 프로그램과 전문가 개입 프로그램 적용이 효과적일 수 있음을 시사하는 데 의의가 있다. 노인의 구강건강유지와 구강건강관련 삶의 질을 높이기 위해 구강건강증진사업을 전개할 때 효과적인 구강체조뿐 아니라 구강근육마사지가 접목된 구강운동 프로그램의 보급이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.