• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2003

This research was conducted to present reference data to be used as newly reclaimed tidal land management. We investigated vegetation succession at 4 reclaimed/reclaiming project areas and discussed relationship with soil and vegetation trhrough investigation and analysis soil chemical characteristics at 2 areas. 14 families 58 kinds were investigated. Vegetation were variou at Dea-Ho conservation polt and Seok-Mun National Industrial Area which are maintaining naturally. Vegetation were simple at Hong-Bo and Dongjin and MinKyong river areas which effected sea water. Common species that were investigated at 9 sites were Suaeda asparagoides, Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica, Carex scabrifolis. As soil desalinization progressing, soil classified at first saline-soidc soil, the nest saline soil and then normal soil. Chenopodiaceae revealed at about 30 dS/m of soil ECe and existed to 10 dS/m of soil ECe. At about 20 dS/m of soil ECe. Aster tripolium, Calamagrostis epigeios, and Sonchus brachyotus revealed and then non-halophytes and common plants at inland revealed at low soil ECe of about 10 dS/m. However it was not to progress vegetation sucdession and soil desalinization at the same time, owing to input of seeds or plants ect from out-ecosystem. So for promotion of vegetation at newly reclaimed tidal land, we proposed that it was very effective to plant artificially halophytes or suitable species through soil test.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.280-284
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• 1989

The soil texture and the physico-chemical characteristics of 442,000ha reclaimable tide land in the south-western of korean peninsular were analysed. The subsidence which may occur as the soil ripened was studied. The results were as follows : 1. Among the 257,000ha of existing reclaimed tidal land 53.0% was tine silty soil and 36.0% coarse silty, 6.0% coarse loamy and 5.0% sandy soils, respectively. 2. Out of the total 442,000ha of reclaimable tidal land, 51.0% was coarse silty soil, and 20% sandy, 15.0% coarse loamy and 14.0% fine silty textural family, respectively. The coarse silty deposits were mainly distributed in the Gyeong gi and Jeonnam coast, while the coarse deposits(Coarse Loamy-sandy) exist in the Jeonbuk coastal area, but in the Chungnam areas there were various textural grades. 3. Reclaimable tidal Land in the south-western part of the peninsular was Classified into saline and alkaline soil. Electric Conductivity in saturation extract was extremely high that was 46~51 mmhos/cm, E.S.P was more than 25% and pH was ranged around 7.5~8.0 4. Reclaimed to cultivated field the subsidence reclaimable tide land to be expected when was about 18% in Soil and 21% in Sicl soils calculated down to 1.25m of the profile.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.90-104
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• 2001

This study is aimed to analyze and to evaluate the revegetation and soil conservation technology in desertification-affected sandy land, resulting from the project of "Studies on the desertification combating and sand industry development". Main native plants for combating desertification : The general characteristics of vegetation distribution in desertified regions are partially concentrated vegetation distribution types including the a) desert plants in low zone of desert or sanddune of depressed basin, b) salt-resistant plants around saline lakes, c) grouped vegetation with Poplar and Chinese Tamarix of freshwater-lakes, saline-lakes and river-banks, d) gobi vegetation of gravel desert and e) grassland and oasis-woods around the alluvial fan of rivers, etc. Generally, Tamarix ehinensis Lour., Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge., Calligonum spp., Populus euphratica Oliver., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Ulmus pumila L., Salix spp., Hedysarum spp., Caragana spp., Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge., Nitraria tangutorum Bobr., Lespedeza bicolor, Alhagi sparsifolia Shap., Capparis spinosa L., Artemisia arenaria DC., etc. are widely distributed in desertified regions. It is necessary for conducting research in the native plants in desertified regions. Analysis of intensive revegetation technology system for combating desertification : In the wind erosion region, the experimental research projects of rational farming systems (regional planning, shelterbelts system, protection system of oasis, establishment of irrigation-channel networks and management technology of enormous farmlands, etc.), rational utilization technology of plant resources (fuelwood, medicinal plants, grazing and grassland management, etc.), utilization technology of water resources (management and planning of watershed, construction of channel and technology of water saving and irrigation, etc.), establishment of sheltetbelts, control of population increase and increased production technology of agricultural forest, fuelwood and feed, etc. are preponderantly being promoted. And in water erosion region, the experimental research projects of development of rational utilization technology of land and vegetation, engineering technology and protection technology of crops, etc. are being promoted in priority. And also, the experimental researches on the methods of utilization of water (irrigation, drainage, washing and rice cultivation, etc.), agricultural methods (reclamation of land, agronomy, fertilization, seeding, crop rotation, mixed-cultivation and soil dressing works, etc.) and biological methods (cultivation of salt-resistant crops and green manure and tree plantation, etc.) for improvement of saline soil and alkaline soil in desertified-lands are actively being promoted. And the international cooperations on the revegetation technology development projects of desertified-lands are sincerely being required.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1976

This experiment was studies for grassland establishment on west coastal saline land in Korea from May 1975 to March 1976 and used seeds were introduced from Australia. The results of adaptability were summarized as follow. 1. The seeds germination percentage was not influence in 0.5% salt included, but delayed days in 1% salt included and decreased germination percentage. 2. Any experimental grasses species were not growth on the 0.5% salt included soil and also growth was much damaged on the 0.05% salt included soil. It was suggested that $Mg^+$, $K^+$ ions involved with $Na^+$ ion. 3. The yield of grasses were much decreased on 0.05% salt included soil which compared control group. The yield rate of decrease were 30% in kikuyu, 60% in strawberry clover, 63% in reed canarry and 89% in orchard grass. 4. For winter-hardness test, nearly all the species well overwintered but except kikyu. 5. One of salt tolerance native grass (Agrostis distans crieseb var coreensis, Hackel) was discovered in saline area, and it was growth from middle of May to Middle of September. Also it was known that the native grass was good feed stuff but it was not so long in growth life. 6. It was concluded that more experimental work must be carried out to select of salt tolerance grass for grassland establishment on saline by introduce some more species such like saltgrass, saltbush, shadsclae from foreign land.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2018

Salinity is one of the major and increasing problems in irrigated agriculture in Pakistan. Salinity stress negatively affects the growth and yield of plants guar (Cyanoposisa tetragonoloba). This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of ($4dSm^{-1}+13.5(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, $5dSm^{-1}+25(mmol \;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, $5dSm^{-1}+30(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$, $10dSm^{-1}+25(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$ and $10dSm^{-1}+30(mmol \;L^{-1})^{1/2}$) on biomass yield of guar against salinity tolerance. Maximum biomass yield ($54.50gpot^{-1}$) was produced by $4dSm^{-1}+13.5(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$ treatment. Biomass produce was reduced with the increase of the salts toxicity. Minimum biomass yield ($30.17gpot^{-1}$) was attained under $10dSm^{-1}+30(mmol \;L^{-1})^{1/2}$. $5dSm^{-1}+25(mmol\;L^{-1})^{1/2}$ treatment exhibited improved outcome i.e. the least diminution % over control (18.66). Salinity cum sodicity showed staid effect on the growth reduction from 18.66% to 44.64%. This reduction fissure was impacted by the toxic effect of salinity and sodicity on Guar growth. Salinity- sodicity behaved toxic impact on the growth reduction from 18.66% to 44.64%. Based on the findings, guar (Cyanoposisa tetragonoloba) grows better at $4dSm^{-1}+13.5(mmol \;L^{-1})^{1/2}$ treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2020

Salinity with sodic condition disturbs germination, retards emergence, and slow down seedling development of Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus).Lemongrass is a perennial grass plant widely distributed worldwide and most especially in tropical and subtropical countries. This research experiment was designed to evaluate the influences of (4 dSm^-1+ 13.5 (mmol L^-1)^-1/2, 5 dSm^-1+ 25 (mmol L^-1)^1/2, 5 dSm^-1+ 30 (mmol L^-1)^1/2, 10 dSm^-1+ 25 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 and 10 dSm^-1+ 30 (mmol L^-1)^1/2) on biomass produce of lemon grass against salt tolerance. The uppermost biomass yield (45.53 gpot^-1) was produced by 4 dSm^-1+ 13.5 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 treatment. The increase in the intensity of salts reduced the growth of lemon grass. Lower biomass yield (79.33 gpot^-1) was gained at 10 dSm^-1+ 30 (mmol L^-1)^1/2. 5 dSm^-1+ 25 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 treatment performed enhanced outcome i.e. the least reduction % over control (5.87). Salinity- sodicity showed serious effect on the growth reduction from 5.87% to33.60%. This reduction gap was affected by the negative effect of salinity and sodicity on Linseed growth. Salinity- sodicity showed severe impact on the growth reduction from 5.87% to33.60%. Based on the findings, lemon Grass (Cymbopogon citratus).was capable to grow up the maximum at 4 dSm^-1+ 13.5 (mmol L^-1)^1/2 treatment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of soils in Saemangeum reclaimed lands. The investigated areas were total 5,020 ha which included 220 ha for Agricultural Life site, 2,450 ha for Tourism & Leisure site, 1,130 ha for Industrial & Research site, 820 ha for Bioenergy crop production site, and 400 ha for Rural City site. Soil samples consisting of the upper 20 cm from the surface were collected in every $200m{\times}500m$ of the each site in March and September, 2015. Particle size distribution of soils in the reclaimed land was 83.2% sand, 8.6% silt and 8.2% clay in average. Soil texture was distributed as 40.8% sandy soil, 35.5% loamy sand, and 19.7% sandy loam. Based on the investigation of soil chemical properties conducted in March, 2015, soil pH, electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe), and exchangeable (Exch.) $K^+$ and $Mg^{2+}$ concentrations were higher than those of the optimum levels for upland soil, whereas soil organic matter content, available (Avail.) phosphate concentration, and Exch. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration were lower than those of the optimum ranges. Depending on the results of the soil chemical properties measured in September, 2015, soil pH, ECe, and Exch. $K^+$ concentration were higher than those of the optimum levels, but soil organic matter, Avail. phosphate, and Exch. $Ca^{2+}$ concentration were lower than the optimum ranges. In addition, distribution of sodic soil ranged between 41.4% and 50.0%, and saline soils were from 16.4 to 31.8%. Soils with pH values above 7.0 increased from 15.3% in March to 35.2% in September. Soils with ECe values over $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$ increased from 45.6% to 50.7%, whereas soils with the values below $2.0dS\;m^{-1}$ decreased from 42.8% to 36.9%.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2012

Exchangeable cations are often overestimated especially in salt-affected soils due to the presence of high levels of soluble ions in soil solution. Thus, quantitative analysis of the soil exchangeable cation based on ammonium acetate extraction method {(Exch. Cation)$_{total}$} requires additional process to remove the free ions (pre-washing) in soil with distilled water or alcohol {(Exch. Cation)$_{pw}$} or subtraction of the soluble ion contents from the total exchangeable cations {(Exch. Cation)$_{ref}$}. In this research, we compared the three different methods for the determination of exchangeable cations in soils affected by different types of salt accumulation such as the soils from upland, plastic film house, and reclaimed tidal land. In upland soils, non-saline and non-sodic soils, the regular ammonium acetate extraction method did not have any problem to determine the content of exchangeable cations without any additional process such as the pre-washing method or the subtraction method. However, the contents of exchangeable cations in the salt-affected soils might be determined better with the pre-washing method for the plastic film house soils and with the subtraction method for the reclaimed tidal land soils containing high Na.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 2010

In order to interpret yield response of sugar beet to nitrogen fertilizer, and pig manure compost in saline-sodic soil of reclaimed tidal land, 4 kinds of response model, i.e., quadratic, exponential, square root, and linear response, and plateau model, are applied. The root fresh yield of sugar beet decreased exponentially with the increase of soil EC. The root fresh yield of sugar beet to nitrogen fertilizer was fitted best to the linear response, and plateau model among 4 yield response models with highly significant determination coefficient ($R^2=0.92^{**}$). The optimum N rate determined on the model was 138 kg N $ha^{-1}$. The root fresh yield of sugar beet to pig manure compost was fitted best to the quadratic model among 4 yield response models with highly significant determination coefficient ($R^2=0.99^{**}$). The maximum N rate determined on the model was 9.17 ton $ha^{-1}$. In conclusion, the proper model to interpret the yield of sugar beet in saline-sodic soil differs with the kinds of nutrient, linear response, and plateau model for fertilizer nitrogen, and quadratic model to pig manure compost.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.511-520
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• 2014

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) was recognized as a potential source of forage. To reduce the production cost, we should insure large cultivation area. The one of the best candidate places to expand the useful kenaf production was 'Saemangeum' reclaimed land. To confirm the possibility of kenaf growth in reclaimed land, we seeding and cultivated the kenaf in 'Saemangeum'. The germination percentage of kenaf on 5.0 dS/m soil salinity was 18%. It is less 66% than that of 4.0 dS/m soil salinity and at 6.0 dS/m, the germination percentage of kenaf was under 10%. The growth and development of kenaf in reclaimed land grew worse with increasing soil salinity. The stem diameter which the most important factor that decide the value and yield of product was upper 2.6 cm when soil salinity maintained under 4.0 dS/m, but if soil salinity marked over 4.0 dS/m, the stem diameter of kenaf was drop under 2.0 cm and it deteriorate the number of leaves per plant by 20~46%. The necrosis on older tip and marginal leaves were noted approximately first month after seeding which was correlated directly with the salinity levels of reclaimed soil. Reduction of total yield was coincide with increasing levels of EC. If soil salinity over 5.0 dS/m, the amount of decreased by soil salinity was 51% than that of non-reclaimed region. The allowable soil salinity level of which could be maintained within 20% reduction rate was 4.2 dS/m. Consequently kenaf can be grown successfully with moderately saline soil condition. However, salt levels in excess of 4.2 dS/m severely have restricted plant growth and development and will result in significant yield reduction.