• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-81
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• 1989

Reverse phase liquid chromatographic elution behaviors of salicylic acid and its derivatives were studied with classical and modern high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) using Amberlite XAD-4 and XAD-7 resin packed columns. Capacity factors(k') were determined in the comparatively high concentration(from 0. 010F to 0. 150F) of ferric nitrate-50% methanol solution to elucidate the elution behaviors with classical method. On the other hand, k's were measured in the various concentrations of methanol and ferric nitrate(from $2.5{\times}10^{-4}F\;to\;1.0{\times}10^{-3}F$) solution of pH 2. 25 and 293K with HPLC to explain the elution mechanism of them, and to find their optimum separation condition. As a result, it was found that log k's of salicylic acid and its derivatives were decreased with increasing the concentration of ferric ion, and the decreasing slopes of the compounds on the increasing ferric ion concentrations were related with each stability constant of ferric salicylates. Some isomers of derivatives of salicylic acid could be separated in the optimum condition.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2011

The proximate composition, and the levels of total phenols, phenolic acids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity in Cheongdobansi persimmon fruits assayed during development (from July to October), were investigated. All of moisture, crude protein and crude fiber contents decreased as picking time was delayed, however, crude fat content rose. Crude fiber content increased after September. Total phenol content tended to fall during development. The principal phenolic acids were chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid and salicylic acid; the level of each phenolic acid tended to decrease during development. DPPH radical scavenging activity fell as picking time was delayed. Thus, harvest time influenced the levels of chemical components and the antioxidative properties of persimmon fruit. It follows that unripe fruit may be utilized as a raw material yielding many useful products.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 1995

Water extracts from Polygonum aviculare and Salix koreansis markedly inhibited the germination of lettuce and rice seeds, indicating the presence of biologically active substances. The biochemical substances such as salicylic and+vanillic acid, tannic acid + gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, p-cressol, sinapic acid and catechol etc. belonging to phenolic compounds were detected in the cultured cells, suggesting that the secondary metabolites can be synthesized in plant cell and tissue culture. In addition, fatty acid like linolenic acid and organic acid such as oxalic acid were presented in the highest amount, 3.7 mg/g and 14.288 mg/g, respectively, which seem to be related to exhibiting phytotoxicity of P. aviculare. Petroleum ether extract exhibited another potential relating to inhibitory effect which needs further investigation. Calli from two plant sources were easily introduced by uses of 1.0 mg/l of 2.4-D and 0.1 to 0.2 mg/l of BAP in MS basal medium which can be implemented for a large scale production through cell culture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2003

Incompatible plant-pathogen interactions result in the rapid cell death response known as hypersensitive response (HR) and activation of host defense-related genes. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanism controlling defense response better, several approaches including isolation and characterization of novel genes, promoter analysis of those genes, protein-protein interaction analysis and reverse genetic approach etc. By using the yeast two-hybrid system a clone named Tsipl, Tsil -interacting protein 1, was isolated whose translation product apparently interacted with Tsil, an EREBP/AP2 type DNA binding protein. RNA gel blot analysis showed that the expression of Tsipl was increased by treatment with NaCl, ethylene, salicylic acid, or gibberellic acid. Transient expression analysis using a Tsipl::smGFP fusion gene in Arabidopsis protoplasts indicated that the Tsipl protein was targeted to the outer surface of chloroplasts. The targeted Tsipl::smGFP proteins were diffused to the cytoplasm of protoplasts in the presence of salicylic acid (SA) The PEG-mediated co-transfection analysis showed that Tsipl could interact with Tsil in the nucleus. These results suggest that Tsipl-Tsil interaction might serve to regulate defense-related gene expression. Basically the useful promoters are valuable tools for effective control of gene expression related to various developmental and environmental condition.(중략)

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.288-292
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• 2005

Pathogenesis-related protein-1a (PR-1a) is strongly induced in tobacco plants by pathogen attack, exogenous salicylic acid (SA) application and by other developmental processes. In order to develop a rapid screening system for the selection of plant defense-inducing compounds originated from various sources, we have transformed tobacco Samsun NN plants with a chimeric construct consisting of GUS $(\beta-glucuronidase)$. In the $T_1$ generation, three transgenic lines having stable GUS expression were selected for further promoter analysis. Using GUS histochemical assay, we observed strong GUS induction driven by PR-1a promoter in PR1a-GUS transgenic tobacco leaves in response to the exogenous application of SA or benzol (1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH), a SA­derivative compound. In addition, GUS expression was maintained locally or systemically in PR1a-GUS transgenic line $\#5\;T_2$ generation) until after 3 days when they were treated with same chemicals. Our results suggested that the PR1a-GUS reporter gene system in tobacco plants may be applicable for the large-scale screening of defense-inducing substances.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.376-384
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• 2014

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is one of the most important medicinal crops in many parts of the world. In this study, the effects of microelements, antioxidants, and bioagents on Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, and Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal pathogens of root rot and wilt diseases in roselle, were examined under field conditions. Preliminary studies were carried out in vitro in order to select the most effective members to be used in field control trials. Our results showed that microelements (copper and manganese), antioxidants (salicylic acid, ascorbic acid, and EDTA), a fungicide (Dithane M45) and biological control agents (Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus subtilis) were significantly reduced the linear growth of the causal pathogens. Additionally, application of the previous microelements, antioxidants, a fungicide and biological control agents significantly reduced disease incidence of root rot and wilt diseases under field conditions. Copper, salicylic acid, and T. harzianum showed the best results in this respect. In conclusion, microelements, antioxidants, and biocontrol agents could be used as alternative strategies to fungicides for controlling root rot and wilt diseases in roselle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.475-481
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• 1999

The study of lignin, a major component of secondary cell wall, has been partly focused on its removal from the woody part in the kraft pulping industry. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD; EC 1.1.l95) catalyzes the synthesis of cinnamyl alcohols from corresponding cinnamaldehydes. A cDNA clone, MdCADl, encoding putative CAD from apples (Malus domestica Borkh. cv Fuji) was characterized in this study. The clone contains an open reading frame of 325 amino acid residues, which shows a greater than 80％ identity with Eucalyptus CADl. MdCADl mRNA was detectable in vegetative tissues and was strongly expressed in the fruit. The expression pattern of MdCADl mRNA in the fruit peel after light exposure was also examined. The mRNA was rapidly increased until 1 day after light exposure and remained stable thereafter, suggesting that MdCADl is light inducible. The inducibility of the MdCADl gene was examined using several environmental stresses. Mechanical wounding of leaves increased the MdCADl mRNA level and the induction was further increased by salicylic acid. Southern blot hybridization showed that there is either one or a few copies of CAD genes in apples. To our knowledge, it is believed that MdCADl is the first CAD clone expressed predominantly in fruit.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.53-58
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• 1981

The effective components of Korean ginseng showing the lipid-peroxide depressing activity were isolated. From the ether-soluble acidic fraction of fresh ginseng three phenolic acids were obtained. Salicylic acid and vanilic acid exhibited the potent antioxidant activity, where p-hydroxycinnamic acid did not.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.715-717
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• 2005

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.2018-2026
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• 2007

A bacterium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BM114, capable of accumulating a blend of medium-chain-length (MCL)- and short-chain-length (SCL)-polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA), was isolated. Salicylic acid (SA), without being metabolized, was found to specifically inhibit only the accumulation of MCL-PHA without affecting cell growth. An addition of 20 mM SA selectively inhibited the accumulation of MCL-PHA in decanoate-grown cells by 83% of the control content in one-step cultivation, where overall PHA accumulation was inhibited by only ${\sim}11%$. Typically, the molar monomer-unit ratio of the PHA for 25 mM decanoate-grown cells changed from 46:4:25:25 (=[3-hydroxybutyrate]:[3-hydroxycaproate]: [3-hydroxyoctanoate]:[3-hydroxydecanoate]) at 0 mM SA (dry cell wt, 1.97 g/l; PHA content, 48.6 wt%) to 91:1:4:4 at 20 mM SA (dry cell wt, 1.85 g/l; PHA content, 43.2 wt%). Thus, the stimulation of SCL-PHA accumulation was observed. Growth of P. aeruginosa BM114 on undecanoic acid also produced a PHA blend composed of 47.4% P(3HB-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and 52.6% P(3-hydroxyheptanoate-co-3-hydroxynonanoate-co-3-hydroxyundecanoate). Similar to the case of even-carboxylic acids, SA inhibited the accumulation of only MCL-PHA, but stimulated the accumulation of SCL-PHA. For all medium-chain fatty acids tested, SA induced a stimulation of SCL-PHA accumulation in the BM114 strain. SA could thus be used to suppress only the formation of MCL-PHA in Pseudomonas spp. accumulating a blend of SCL-PHA and MCL-PHA.