• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

Salivary lipocalin (SAL1) is a member of the lipocalin protein family that has a property to associate with many lipophilic molecules. The importance of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs has been suggested by our previous study which has shown that SAL1 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and implantation stage-specific manner and secreted into the uterine lumen. However, function of SAL1 in the uterus during pregnancy in pigs is not known. To understand SAL1 function in the uterus during pregnancy, we generated recombinant porcine SAL1 protein in an insect cell line. Porcine SAL1 cDNA was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector using RT-PCR and total RNA from uterine endometrium on day 12 of pregnancy, and the expression vector was used to generate recombinant Bacmid containing the SAL1 gene. The recombinant Bacmid was then transfected Sf9 cell to produce recombinant baculovirus. By infecting Sf9 cell with recombinant baculovirus, we established a SAL1-expressing insect cell expression system. Immunoblot analysis confirmed SAL1 expression in the infected cells. Recombinant SAL1 produced by the Sf9 cell line will be useful for understanding physiological function of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.259-263
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• 2009

Salivary lipocalin (SAL1) is a member of the lipocalin protein family that has a property to associate with many lipophilic molecules and was identified as pheromone-binding protein in pigs. Our previous study has shown that SAL1 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and implantation stage-specific manner and secreted into the uterine lumen in pigs. However, function of SAL1 in the uterus during pregnancy in pigs is still not known. To understand physiological function of SAL1 in the uterine endometrium during pregnancy in pigs, it needs to elucidate the ligand(s) for SAL1. Thus, to identify the ligand for SAL1 in the porcine uterus, we collected uterine luminal fluid from pigs on day 12 of pregnancy by flushing with PBS. Proteins from the uterine luminal fluid were separated by ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Fractions containing SAL1 protein were pooled and concentrated. Immunoblot analysis confirmed successful purification of SAL1. Then, we extracted lipids from the purified SAL1 protein and analyzed the lipids by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and predicted to be steroid hormones and prostaglandins as SAL1 ligands. Results in this study showed that SAL1 protein in the uterine secretions has a small lipophilic molecule as a natural ligand. Further characterization of ligand extracted from purified SAL1 will be useful for understanding physiological function of SAL1 during pregnancy and its application to increase the pregnancy rate in pigs.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1675-1681
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• 2007

The pseudodisaccharide salbostatin, which consists of valienamine linked to 2-amino-1,5-anhydro-2-deoxyglucitol, is a strong trehalase inhibitor. From our Streptomyces albus ATCC 21838 genomic library, we identified thirty-two ORFs in a 37-kb gene cluster. Twenty-one genes are supposed to be a complete set of modules responsible for the salbostatin biosynthesis. Through sequence analysis of the gene cluster, some of the upstream gene products (SalB, SalC, SalD, SalE, and SalF) revealed functional resemblance with trehalose biosynthetic enzymes. On the basis of this rationale, we isolated the five genes (salB, salC, salD, salE, and salF) from the S. albus ATCC 21838 and cloned them into the expression vector pWHM3. We demonstrated the noticeable expression and accumulation of trehalose, using only the five upstream biosynthetic gene cluster of salbostatin, in the transformed Streptomyces lividans TK24. Finally, 490 mg/l trehalose was produced by fermentation of the transformant with sucrosedepleted R2YE media.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 1976

The growth of Sal. choleraesuis and its kunzendorf variety in tetrathionate broth containing various amounts of iodine solution was studied and compared with that of Sal. typhi, Sal. typhimurium and E. coli. The results obtained were as followings. 1. When 2.0 ml of iodine solution, normal amount, was added to 100 ml of tetrathionate broth base, the number of Sal. choleraesuis decreased rapidly until 24 hours after inoculation and slightly increased 48 hours after inoculation. The numbers of Sal. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf and E. coli decreased rapidly and none of the organisms recovered 24 and 48 hours after inoculation, respectively. The growth of Sal. typhi and Sal. typhimurium, however, was not inhibited at all. 2. When 4.0 ml of iodine solution was added, to 100 ml of tetrathionate broth base, the growth of all the organisms was inhibited, among which Sal. choleraesuis, Sal. choleraesuis var. kunzendorf, and E. coli were not recovered 24 and 48 hours after inoculation. 3. When reduced amounts of iodine solution, 1.0 ml and 0.5 ml, were added to 100 ml of tetrathionate broth base, the growth of all the organisms was not inhibited.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2018

We investigated tree composition, stand characteristics, biomass allocation pattern and carbon storage variability in Sal forests (Shorea robusta Garten.) under two forest management regimes (Sal forest and Sal plantation) in Tripura, Northeast India. The results revealed higher species richness (29 species), stand density of $1060.00{\pm}11.12stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($1.90{\pm}0.08$) in Sal forest. and lower species richness (4 species), stand density of $ 230.00{\pm}37.22stems\;ha^{-1}$ and diversity index ($0.38{\pm}0.15$) in Sal plantation. The total basal cover $33.02{\pm}4.87m^2ha^{-1}$) and dominance ($0.76{\pm}0.08$) were found higher in Sal plantation than the Sal forest ($22.53{\pm}0.38m^2ha^{-1}$ and $0.23{\pm}0.02$ respectively). The total vegetation carbon density was recorded higher in Sal plantation ($219.68{\pm}19.65Mg\;ha^{-1}$) than the Sal forest ($167.64{\pm}16.73Mg\;ha^{-1}$). The carbon density estimates acquired in this study suggest that Sal plantation in Tripura has the potentiality to store a large amount of atmospheric carbon inspite of a very low species diversity. However, Sal forests has also an impending sink of carbon due to presence of large number of young trees.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2002

1996년부터 2001년까지 서울시내 환자에서 분리된 718주의 살모넬라속균의 균종별 분포 및 항생제 감수성을 조사한 결과 균종별 분포는 Sal. Enteritidis 가 298주(41.5%)로 가장 많이 분리되었으며, Sal. Typhi 218주(30.4%), Sal. Typhimurium 81주(12.1%)이었으며, 총 48종의 살모넬라균종이 분리되었다 살모넬라속균 718주의 16종 항생제에 대한 내성은 tetracycline (Te)에 대한 내성이 32.7%로 가장 높았으며, streptomycin(5) 28.0%, ticarcillin(TIC) 18.1%, ampicillin(AM) 12.4%순이었다. Sal. Enteritidis의 내성은 Te 34.7%, 5 32.3%, TIC 23.2%, AM 13.5%이었으며, Sal. Typhi는 S 13.8%, Te 10.6%이었으며, Sal. Typhimurium은 Te 66.7%, 5 42.5%, TIC 28.7%, AM 26.4%, C 17.2%이었다. 살모넬라속균 718주 중 324주(45.1%)가 1종 이상의 항생제에 내성을 나타내었으며, 단일항생제에 내성을 나타낸 균주가 64주(19.8%), 2제 내성균이 132주(40.7%), 3제 내성균이 50주(15.4%), 4제 내성균이 27주 (8.3%), 5제 내성균 27주(8.35), 6제 내성균 22주(6.8%), 7제 및 8제 내성균이 각각 1주이었다. 다제 내성 양상은 Te-K내성균이 115주(35.5%)로 가장 많았으며, Te-K-TIC내성균 27주(8.3%), Te-K-TIC-AM내성균 24주(7.4%)이었다 항생제 내성율은 Sal. Typhimurium이 73.6V로 가장 높았으며, Sal. Enteritidis 53.7%, Sal. Typhi 19.3%이었으며, Sal. Enteritidis는 단제 및 2제 내성율이 높은 반면, Sal. Typhi과 Sal. Typhimurium은 5제 이상 내성율이 각각 16.7%, 26.6%이었다.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigate the types and roles of ancient mathematical proof by exploring Gu-Jang-Sal-Sul. Gu-Jang-Sal-Sul is a ancient Chinese mathematics book. Types of proof contained in Gu-Jang-Sal-Sul are enactive proof and intuitive proof and the role of proof is explanation. And we suggest social background of proof in Gu-Jang-Sal-Sul topographically, culturally, and logically.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1997

The pWHM220 cosmid with a 24-kb insert cloned from Streptomyces albus ATCC 21838 induces the biosynthesis of a polysther antibiotic similar to salinomycin in Streptomyces invidans. We have analyzed this region by DNA sequencing as well as Southern blot hybridization with type I and type II polyketide synthase (PKS) probes. Surprisingly, we found another set of type II SKS genes only 10-kb from the original PKS genes, salABCDE. The DNA sequence revealed two complete open reading frames (ORFs) named salB2 and salC2, and one partial ORF that does not resemble any known DNA or deduced protein sequence. The salC2 should code for chain length determining factor while the deduced amino acid sequence encoded by salB2 exhibits high similarity to .betha.-ketoacyl synthase from different PKS gene clusters. The highest identity was found for .betha.-keetoacyl synthases from S. argillaceus (MtmP. 59.1% identity), the mithramycin producer and from S. venezuelae ISP5230 (JadA, 52.3% identity), the jadomycin producer. The SalC2 protein clearly resembles its counterparts in order aromatic PKS gene clusters that are believed to influence the length of the polyketide chain. The highest identities observed were to that of S. argillaceus (MtmK, 62.3%) and S. venezuelae ISP 5230 (JadB, 55.1%) proteins, Moreover, the deduced amino acid sequences of the salB2 and salC2 products were 29.0% identical.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.302-308
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• 1994

산소가 포화된 메탄올 용액에서 다섯자리 Schiff base cobalt(II) 착물인 [Co(II)(Sal-DPT)(H$_2$O)] 와 [Co(II)(Sal-DET)(H$_2$O)]들의 활성촉매에 의한 hydrazobenzene(H$_2$AB)의 산화 주생성물은 trans-azobenzene(trans-AB)이다. UV-visible분광광도법에 의해 이들 반응의 속도상수 $k=6.06{\times}10^{-3}sec^{-3}$ 및 $2.50{\times}10^{-3}sec^{-1}$로 주어짐을 알았다. 균일 산화 활성촉매에 의한 H$_2$AB의 산화반응 메카니즘은 다음과 같은 과정으로 주어진다. H$_2$AB + Co(II)(L)(H$_2$O) + O$_2$ $\rightleftharpoons^K_{methanol}Co(III)(L)O_2{\cdot}H_2AB + H_2O\longrightarrow^{k}Co(II)(L) + trans-AB + H_2O_2$ (L: Sal-DPT and Sal-DET).

• 생약학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.265-267
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• 2012

Korean folk medicine 'JagSalNaMu' has been used orally to cure hypercoagulability, thrombosis and tonsillitis. With regard to the botanical origin of 'JagSalNaMu', it has been considered to be Callicarpa species of Verbenaceae, but there was no pharmacognostical confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of 'JagSalNaMu', the anatomical characteristics of the branch of Callicarpa species growing wild in Korea, Callicarpa japonica and C. dichotoma were studied. As a result, it was clarified that 'JagSalNaMu' was the branch of Callicarpa japonica.