• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.391-400
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of safflower yellow colorant as a natural dye for hair coloring. The dyeing properties of safflower yellow colorant on hair were explored to obtain optimum conditions. Also, the effect of mordant was studied in terms of dye uptake, colorfastness, and hair damage to better understand the characteristics of the colorant. Tensile strength measurement and SEM analysis were carried out for investigating hair damage to light exposure and washing. On the basis of obtained results considering possible hair damage, optimum dyeing conditions were set 100%(o.w.h.) colorant concentration, pH 5, $40^{\circ}C$, and 20min. Dye uptake was improved more effectively by repeated dyeing rather than by increasing concentration. Pre-mordanting method improved dye uptake slightly, irrespective of mordant type. The safflower yellow colorant produced Y colors on hair. Cu and Fe mordants improved washing and light fastness slightly. Better strength retention was obtained with the mordanted-dyed hair than the unmordanted-dyed hair after light irradiation for 40 hours and 10 repeated washing. The hair was more damaged by light exposure than by washing. It was concluded that the safflower yellow colorant can be used as a natural semi-permanent hair dye producing Y color without mordanting.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2004

In order to study on the color change of silk dyed with natural colorant due to light fading, and find out the effect of combination dyeing, colorant extracts of safflower red, safflower yellow and amur cork tree were used, either singly or in combination. In combination dyeing, safflower yellow or amur cork tree dyeing process was added on the top of the silk fabric was dyed with safflower red. Color change and light fastness were investigated by $L^*,\; a^*,\; b^*$ H, V/C, and Color difference. Brightness of silk fabric dyed with safflower red and safflower yellow increased gradually with increasing the radiation time of UV light, but amur cork tree was decreased and turned to dull. Color difference of dyed with Amur cork tree showed higher than the others. Combination dyeing of safflower red and amur cork tree provided better light fastness than the one of safflower red and safflower yellow.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.337-343
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• 2009

This study systematically investigated a method for extraction of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius Linnaeus) colorants by ultrasonic treatment. Compared to pigments productivity and cell wall structures of safflower after general and ultrasonic method, the ultrasonic method showed high extraction efficiency of safflower pigments due to destruction of safflower cell wall caused by high vibration energies. Microscopic analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the ultrasonic treatment of safflower caused its cell wall structure loosened and made efficient extraction of safflower pigments. And also, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that productivities of the yellow and red safflower pigments by ultrasonic method were 21.9% and 14.6% higher, respectively, than those of pigments extracted by general method. The ultrasonic extracted yellow and red colorants could be used to dye not only natural fibers like cotton, silk and wool, but also synthetic fiber like nylon, and generally gave a better color tone than the general extracted colorants from safflower due to the affinities of red and yellow colorant on different fibers. As the yellow and red colorant were extracted by ultrasonic treatment in water, the K/S value on of 550/440nm of cotton and rayon was increased but in the case of silk and wool the change of this value was almost not detected. Finally, this technique might provide a solution to establish reproducibility and standardization for the extraction and dyeing methods on fabrics.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

견직물에 홍화 황색소와 홍색소로 염색을 한 후 자외선 조사 후 시료들의 염착량 색채변화, 형태변화, 인장강도변화를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 색소의 종류에 상관없이 자외선 조사시간 증가에 따라 염착량이 감소되었다. 그러나 홍색 소보다는 황색소로 염색한 시료들의 최종 자외선 조사 28일 후의 염착량 보유율이 높은 것으로 나타났으며 견직물의 경우 홍화 홍색소보다는 황색소가 자외선에 대한 내구력이 더욱 있음을 알수 있다. 2. 색채변화의 경우, 황색소로 염색한 시료들도 $L^*$은 증가하고 $a^*$는 감소하고, $b^*$도 감소하였으며, H/VC, ${\Delta}E$ 등 색채 전반에 퇴색이 나타났다. 홍색소로 염색한 시료들은 자외선 조사 시간 증가에 따라 $L^*$은 증가하고 $a^*$는 감소하였으며, $b^*$는 증가하였고, H/VC, ${\Delta}E$ 등 색채 전반에 퇴색이 나타났다. 그러나 조사 28일 후의 색차는 홍화 홍색소보다는 황색소가 훨씬 낮았다. 3. 자외선 조사시간에 따른 형태학적 변화의 결과, 견직물에 대해서는 홍화 색소의 종류에 상관없이 조사 28일 후 모든 시료들에서 심한 손상을 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 자외선 조사시간에 따른 인장 강도 변화 결과, 모든 종류의 시료에서 자외선 조사시간 증가에 따른 강도의 손실을 알 수 있었다. 그러나 홍색 소보다는 황색소로 염색한 시료들의 인장 강도 보유율이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 통해 홍화 염색한 견직물의 경우 자외선 조사에 의해 색소의 종류에 상관없이 염색물 자체의 성능에 많은 변화가 나타났음을 알 수 있다. 그러나 천염 염색물의 자외선에 의한 변화는 섬유의 자체의 특성뿐만 아니라 색소의 차이도 영향을 주는 것으로 보이며, 견직물의 경우에는 홍화 황색소가 홍색 소보다 자외선에 대한 내구성이 더욱 좋은 것으로 파악되었다. 차후 견직물 이외 다른 섬유 종류와 홍화의 두가지 색소가 자외선에 반응하는 연구를 통해 본 연구결과가 보충될 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

The stability of yellow and red dyes prepared from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in aqueous solution and in solid state was investigated. External factors such as light irradiation and temperature on the stability were examined during storage. Changes in absorbance of dye solutions and the color changes of fabrics dyed after long time storage were measured. Also, color reproducibility during storage was investigated by dyeing test on various fabrics. Red colorant in aqueous solution was very unstable to light, resulting that about 40% of absorbance were lost in 12hrs. The absorbance of yellow dye solutions was not decreased within 84hrs. In aqueous medium, yellow dye was much more stable than carthamin. Both dyes are relatively stable for long storage when they are stored in solid state compared to when in aqueous solution. Color changes are marginal in both dyes.