• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.171-179
• /
• 2021

Background: Need for regulatory science is emerging with the development of pharmaceutical industry. It is essential to train regulatory science experts to meet the needs of technology and regulations to evaluate advanced products. Major regulatory science countries are conducting the regulatory science activities and fostering the experts. Methods: Published literature and the relevant website of European Union (EU) were reviewed and criteria were developed. In particular, we focused on in depth descriptions of the Innovative Medicines Initiative program, which was conducted twice. Results: EU is striving to provide funding and training experts for the development of the regulatory science by horizon 2020 and regulatory science to 2025. Innovative medicines initiative (IMI) is a public-private partnership aimed at the development of the pharmaceutical industry, including the regulatory science. IMI education and training projects have provided various education and training course including short-term curriculum and master and doctoral course. The difference between South Korea's regulatory science expert training project in 2021 and the EU's IMI education and training projects is participation of pharmaceutical companies. While the pharmaceutical companies participate in the IMI project to select project topics and form a community, South Korea's project is focused on the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and universities. Conclusion: Through successful active networks with regulatory party, pharmaceutical companies, and universities, a great innovative advance of regulatory science in South Korea is expected.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.33-54
• /
• 1981

The purposes of this study were to determine the relevant nursing needs of patients following discharge; to identify the degree of their nursing needs; to identify types and status of discharge order and information given to patients; and to determine their specific nursing needs according to their diagnosis. In addition, opinions toward home care services provided by hospitals or by public health nurses and appointment plans with their physicians were also asked in order to determine the necessity of follow-up care for the patient after discharge. Nine hundred and eighty eight subjects were collected among patients being discharged from one national university hospital and four city hospitals. Data were collected from June,1979 to December,1979 using questionnaires and interviews. On the bases of these data the following findings were observed; 1) Almost 40 percents of total subjects discharged from the hospital with some or great degree of nursing needs in general. The most problematic nursing needs were needs for comfort which include needs for releaving pain, for sound sleep and rest, because these needs can only be met by professional help. More than 50% of total subjects have this problem. 2) Needs for mental health, general metabolism, general hygiene and activities and safety were observed in more than 20 percent of subjects. 3) Discharge orders on diet and oral medication were recorded in patients' charts in 70% of all cases. However, more than fifty percents of patients have not been told these information from doctors or nurses. Even though some of them might have had appointment plans with their physicians, they would not keep the appointments unless they completely understood the necessity of the follow-up care. If they have not had any appointment or would not visit the out-patient clinic, there is no method of caring them and prerenting funther discomfort or complications. Even in injection, ski care, dressing and bath, only one thirds of the subjects having recorded discharge orders understood what they need after discharge. The rest of cases have not known what to do for their further care. 4) More than 80 percents and 70 percents of total subjects agreed to a system of home care services provided by hospitals or public health nurses respectively. That is, regardless of sources of medical expenses, most of patients wanted to be taken care of at home following discharge. 5) While more than half of the patients having benefit of medical insurance or paying fully by themselves had appointment plans with their physicians, only one thirds of the patients fully or partially paid by government had appointment plans with their physicians. These results ex-plain that the appointment plan is directly associated with their economic power. This indicates that the home care services are more needed to the people with lower economical status. 6) Those who have been in the hospital more than 24 days wanted !o have home care services more than those who had less hospital days. They also had more appointment plans than other groups. 7) More than 70 percents of the subjects who had been in a university hospital and approximately 30 percents of the subjects in the city hospitals had appointment plans with their physicians. 8) Those who had the cerebrovascular disease, cancer or hypertension demanded more nursing needs such as needs for comfort, for general metabolism and for mental health. 9) Factors which were associated with the degree of patients' nursing needs were age, duration of hospitalization, opinion toward home care services given by public health nurses, hospital appointments and types of hospital. That is, the older they were and the longer the periods of hospitalization were, the higher were their nursing needs. The more they had nursing needs, the more they wanted to have nursing services and had appointment plans. It can be concluded that there is a great demand for a positive and systematic home care services to the people who have been discharged from hospitals following critical care. This program is definitely demanded for the low income groups of people with less education with the financial assistance of the government or other funding agencies.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2020

이 연구는 아파트 시설물 유지관리 및 화재안전시설관리가 입주자의 주거만족도에 미치는 영향에 대한 해결방안을 제시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시설물 유지관리는 주거만족도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 시설물의 고장이 많을수록 입주자의 주거만족도는 낮아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 관리주체 직원들은 반복적인 업무이기 때문에 입주자 민원 요청에 소홀할 때 주거만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치므로 관리주체에서 결코 가볍게 지나치면 안 되는 사항으로 관리교육지원과 시설물 유지관리를 높여 입주자들의 주거만족도를 높여야 함을 보여준다. 둘째, 화재안전시설은 주거만족도에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 화재안전시설에 대한 작동불량이 많을수록, 소방용품의 교체가 많을수록 입주자의 주거만족도는 낮아지는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 아파트 단지 내에는 안전문화인식 수준이 낮을 수 있기 때문에 이에 대한 대응력이 취약할수록 화재안전시설에 대한 의존도가 높고 안전을 중요함을 보여주어 관리주체에서는 화재안전시설에 대한 피해를 저감시켜 입주자들의 주거만족도를 향상시켜야 할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로, 입주자의 화재안전의식 강화방안으로 소방계획서에 의한 화재진압과 피난 대처요령에 관한 입주자의 교육과 훈련을 반복적으로 시행할 필요가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.45-60
• /
• 1995

This study investigated the effects of education program conducted through individual home visit by CHPs, which was developed ,by the operational re-search technique for families of dementia patients. (Yeo Shin Hong et at,1994) The study was conducted in the form of a primary experimental design with 43 people as subjects, including dementia patients and family member in several Myon areas of Chungcheong Namdo between June 10 and August 20, 1994. The data was collected by questionnaires through the home visit by the CHPs. The results of study are as follows. 1. There is no difference in the quality of life between before and after the education program. 2. Role stress 'before the education program' was significantly different than 'after the education program'. 3. There was no difference in the feeling of burden between before and after the education program. 4. There was a significant difference in the abnormal behaviors of patients between before and after the education program. 5. The knowledge of dementia by the patient's family increased significantly after the education program, compared to that of 'before the education program'. 6. There was a significant difference in the attitude of family members toward the education program on dementia between before and after the education program. 7. The results of analysis on the coefficient relationship of various variables showed that the age of patients and family members have a significant correlation with role stress(p=.01). 8. In the subjective evaluation of family members on changes in actual nursing actions and the improvement of knowledge and technique in terms of daily living, (including abnormal behavior of patients, adjustment of environment for patients, activity programs for patients, communication technique with patients, ensuring the safety of patients, clothing, meals and elimination, 60-65% of family members responded that their knowledge had increased. As for improvement in techniques for each item, the technique for communication with patients showed the greatest improvement while the action program method for patients showed the least change. As for the nursing service provided to patients, most respondents showed a positive change. The specific items for which more than 80% respondents answered positively were as follows : recognizing the demand of patients, getting patients to do simple house works, talking softly and gently, removing dangerous things, preparing comfortable clothes that are easy to put on and take off, and limiting water consumption at night. As a result of study, the following suggestions can be made. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of an education program developed and applied for dementia patients and family members in the community. This needs to be compared with a similar study conducted in the urban setting. In addition, a community service program (ex : nursing hem and shelter) including the application of the education program should be developed and the study done to investigate its effect.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제57권4호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2015

Safety of reclaimed wastewater irrigation needs to be evaluated to promote public health. Quantitative microbial and toxic risk assessment was conducted to identify the level of risk for farmland workers who use reclaimed wastewater and groundwater in Jeju island. Microbial risk through inhalation and ingestion exposure was below acceptable level (less than $10^{-3}$) of $7.07{\times}10^{-6}$ for reclaimed wastewater and $9.99{\times}10^{-8}$ for groundwater irrigation worker. Aggregate exposure risk of Ni, As and Cu was most contributable to overall risk in both reclaimed wastewater and groundwater irrigation plot. High cumulative exposure risk was estimated through non-dietary soil ingestion and dermal contact of soil, due to the high concentration of As, Cu and Ni in farmland soil. Overall toxic risk was $2.68{\times}10^{-4}$ for reclaimed water and $2.39{\times}10^{-4}$ for groundwater irrigation, which could not meet acceptable toxic risk level of $10^{-6}$. Further efforts, such as provide personal protective equipments or public health education, need to be implicated to reduce adverse health risk.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1229-1234
• /
• 2009

현재 한국철도공사에서 운행하는 철도차량은 KTX, 새마을호동차(PP), 선행전기기관차 (NEL), 전기기관차 (EL), 디첼기관차, 도시통근형동차(CDC), VVVF, 저항제어차 등 8 여종에 이르고, 현재는 150km/h 급 간선행전기동차 (Electric Multiple Unit)는 시험운행중이다. 또한 조만간 폐차되는 새마을호동차의 대체차량으로 180km/h 급 간선형전기동차의 도입이 예정되어 있다. 하지만 아직까지 철도차량의 운전실제어대 설계기준이 없고, 제어기기의 배치 및 형식 등에 대해 운전자의 입장에서 인체공학적 접근을 시도한 연구도 전무한 실정이어서 개발되는 차량마다 제어기의 형식 및 조작방식이 상이하다. 이는 운전자의 기기 취급 오류률 유발할 가능성이 매우 크며, 신규차량 도입시 별도의 운전자 교육을 시행해야하는 동 운영 상의 효율성이 매우 떨어진다. 따라서 운전자의 의견수렴을 바탕으로 운전 중 상시 취급하는 제어기기 및 안전설비에 대하여 안전공학 및 인체공학적 설계기준을 마련하여 운전자로 하여금 기기취급에 정확성을 높이고, 이례적인 상황에서 보다 더 신속한 대처를 할 수 있도록 하여 철도차량 안전성과 운영상의 효율성을 증진하고자 한다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2023

미국의 가인(GAIN)은 Pilot/Controller Collaboration Initiatives 보고서에서 "조종사와 항공교통관제사는 하루 종일 서로 이야기하지만 거의 의사소통하지 않는다."라고 기술하였다. 조종사-항공교통관제사 간의 안전 운항에 대한 인식과 문화, 또는 다른 요인에서 오는 차이점이 절차와 지시에 대하여 서로 간의 오해가 있는가라는 의문이 연구의 시발점이 되었다. 촉박한 시간 내에 해결해야 하는 많은 과정은 James Reason의 Swiss Cheese Theory와 같이 연쇄적인 위험요인을 거쳐 사고를 유발할 가능성을 높인다. 비행의 주체가 되는 조종사-항공교통관제사 간의 복합 요소가 상당 부분 차지하고 있는데 불구하고 두 집단 간의 안전 운항을 위한 통합적인 관리는 이루어지고 있지 않다. 본 연구는 조종사-항공교통관제사 간의 안전 운항을 위한 안전 및 교육의 통합적인 관리를 JCRM을 통해서 이루고자 기술하였다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권9호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2022

The article deals with the role of extra-curricular work by means of multimedia technologies in order to improve the quality of training of future specialists. An important condition for achieving high results in training specialists is the optimal combination of classroom and independent extra-curricular work of students by means of multimedia technologies. Very significant is the development of student independence, the formation of skills of independent search activity, the ability to take responsibility, independently solve a problem, find constructive solutions, a way out of a crisis situation, and so on. Extra-curricular work forms students' ability to master the techniques of analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison; develops flexibility of thinking; opens up opportunities for the development and stabilization of positive learning motives to activate the process of mastering knowledge by means of multimedia technologies as a means of forming the personality of a highly qualified specialist. The concept of multimedia as one of the priority areas of Information Technology, which plays a particularly important role in the process of informatization of education, is revealed, and its advantages in education are shown. The advent of multimedia systems optimizes transformations in education, in many areas of professional activity, science, art, etc. The necessity of distance learning to improve the quality of training of future specialists using multimedia technologies in extra-curricular work is justified. The effectiveness of pedagogical support in the process of distance learning is achieved by the following conditions, which is revealed in the article. Various forms and types of extra-curricular work of students that are used in the modern practice of the educational environment of a higher education institution are described. Scientific and informational activity is considered a key area of information activity. The analysis of scientific and information activities in the field of education allows us to identify its main functions, which emphasize the growing role of scientific information in the education system, in particular, extra-curricular work using multimedia technologies. Operational, complete, accurate, targeted information that meets objective and subjective needs becomes an important link between the field of management, science and practice.

• 한국습지학회지
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.463-476
• /
• 2014

하천변에 위치한 하도습지는 치수사업을 통한 치수가치와 하도습지의 생태적 보전가치가 대립함으로써 사회적 갈등을 야기하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 하도습지의 치수가치와 생태가치에 대한 경제성 분석을 통해 두 가치 모두의 중요성을 확인하였으며, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 치수안전과 생태보전을 고려한 하도습지 관리방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 다차원 홍수피해산정방법(MD-FDA)과 조건부가치측정법(CVM)을 이용하여 임진강 하구유역의 연평균 홍수피해액과 하도습지의 생태보전가치를 산정하였다. 분석결과, 임진강 하구지역은 치수사업도 필요하고, 하도습지의 생태적 보존가치 역시 중요하여 단계별 치수사업과 하도습지의 보호를 위한 관리방안 수립이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 그 결과 임진강 하도습지는 지속적으로 퇴적이 발생하고 홍수위가 상승하는 지역으로 분류되었다. 이를 바탕으로 임진강 하구는 하천정비사업 시 치수안전과 생태보전을 함께 확인하며 진행하는 것이 필요하고, 생태계 교란을 최소화하기 위한 단계적인 하천정비시행이 바람직할 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에서 도출된 결과를 토대로 향후 치수사업과 하도습지의 보존을 함께 고려한 하천관리방안 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.419-427
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 수상레저 활성화를 위한 선진국의 관련규제 분석 및 개선 방향을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 이러한 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 수상레저 선진국인 미국, 영국, 호주 및 일본의 수상레저 면허 및 교육, 등록 및 검사 그리고 사업에 대한 사례 분석을 실시하였고 국내 수상레저 활동자와 종사자들에게 면허 및 교육, 등록 및 검사 그리고 사업의 애로사항에 대한 인식도를 실증적으로 분석하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 수상레저 면허제도에 대한 필요성은 '필요하지않다'가 높게 나타났으며 그 이유로는 '교육으로 대체가능'하기 때문이라는 응답이 가장 높았으며 반대로 면허제도가 필요한 이유로는 '수상레저 활동의 안전' 확보로 나타났다. 또한 수상레저 면허 제도의 문제점으로는 '운영제도의 어려움'과 '운영기관의 부족' 등의 순으로 나타났으며 면허제도의 개선방향으로는 '교육기관 및 인력확대', 그리고 '단계별 교육 차별화' 등의 순으로 나타났다. 둘째, 수상레저 등록 및 검사제도의 개선의 필요성에서는 '수상레저기구 등록절차 간소화', '수상레저기구 등록 및 검사기관 확대 필요성' 그리고 '수상레저기구 등록범위 확대 필요성'에 대한 인식도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 종사자들이 인식하는 수상레저사업장의 애로사항으로는 '수상레저기구 입출항 신고 절차의 복잡성', '수상레저사업 신고 및 등록 절차의 복잡성' 그리고 '수상레저 활성화 지원 정책 및 제도 미흡'등의 순으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 국내 수상레저의 활성화를 위해서는 수상레저 활동자들에게는 면허 및 교육제도의 접근성과 편리성을 확보하고 종사자들에게는 수상레저사업의 복잡성을 해결해 줄 수 있는 지원정책의 수립이 지속적으로 이루어져야할 것이다. 즉 수상레저 활동과 사업을 규제하고 있는 수상레저안전법은 수상레저 활동자 및 종사자들의 수요와 요구를 반영할 수 있도록 지속적인 개정 작업이 이루어져야 한다.