• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.96-107
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand what caregivers think advantageous and disadvantageous regarding Acupoint sticking Dog-days. Also, to know whether Acupoint sticking in Dog-days affect vital signs, and to investigate if occurrence of side effects are related to application duration, sweat, or compliance to precautionary measures. Methods Survey has been handed out to parents of the children who took Acupoint sticking in Dog-days. 10 days after the first dose was administered, survey was performed to examine any side effect occurrences, characteristics of sweat, duration of application, parents' thought about this therapy. Also, vital signs were checked before the first dose, and 10 days after to see any differences in vital signs in regards to this therapy. Results Preferable opinions about Acupoint sticking in Dog-days are 'convenient than herbal medications' (76.5%), 'less reluctance of child' (47.1%), 'reasonable price' (20.6%), 'good effectiveness' (17.6%), 'less side effect' (14.7%), 'no worry about agrochemicals or heavy metals uptake' (11.8%). Downsides were 'difficult to admit to hospital right on the Dog-days' (73.5%), 'no conspicuous effectiveness' (11.8%), 'expensive' (5.9%), 'reluctance of child' (2.9%). Vital sign differences were minimal when examined before and after Acupoint sticking in Dog-days. Side effects occurred 5 times in 34 cases, and they were erythema, itchiness, and hot sensation. There were no scars or blisters reported. All 5 cases were resolved without any interventions within 3 days. Conclusions Acupoint sticking in Dog-days doesn't affect vital signs. Severe side effect is rare, reported side effects were relatively mild, suggesting that it may be safe and well-tolerated. 'Convenience' (76.5%) is biggest advantage of Acupoint sticking in Dog-days and 'less reluctance of child' is also big advantage of Acupoint sticking in Dog-days. 'Difficulty to admit to hospital right on the Dog-days' (73.5%) is biggest disadvantage of Acupoint sticking in Dog-days.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-24
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• 1993

The Purpose of this study was to explore the condition of periodic medical examination and the health care services of industries in order to offer some basic data on developing industrial nursing care. To achieve this goal a self - administered questionnaire (developed by the academic affairs of community health nursing) was provieded to the nurses in 56 industries from Dec. 10, 1992 to Jan. 20, 1993. The statistical computer package, SPSS, was used to manipulate the data along with T-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. General characteristics: The greater part of the industries were manufacturing company, and below 300 employees of industry were 55.4%. The shift system was mostly one shift(66.1%) and three shift(23.2%), and 50.0% them organized the Industrial Safety and Health Commitee. Average a number of employees was 631 person. 2. Periodic Medical Examination: Most of the workers were receiving periodic medical examination from the designated hospital (95.71%). From the about 12.89% were gone through a colse medical examination. In colse medical examination 58.41% were decided 'C' and 36.73% were decided 'D'. About 6.23% off those who had any clinical findings were work-time shortening(7.84%), work-transition(8.12%), recoverating at home. The majority of the workers receive the result of the periodic medical examination individually (78.5%). 3. Special medical examination: The rate of those who are receiving special medical examination were 76.82% and about 8.24% were decided 'C' and 1.23% were decided 'D' Those who had any health problems were receiving follow-up checking (9.10%) and medical treatment while working (15.04%). The health managers in the company can consult (85.7%) those who had any suspicious sign and symptoms of occupational disease. 4. Health care services: The average score of health care services were 17.57 point out of 28 point, and the score was lower in health assessment and environmental hygiene than medical diagnosis and health education. There were significant differences in environmental hygine (F=3.72, P=0.017), health care services(F=3.94, P=0.013) according to the size of the size of the industries The other's significancy is not shown by any type of industrial nurse. The level of health care services were higher in the wokers who had better health and showed no singificant differences(T=-0.73, P=0.470).

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.606-618
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the clients registered in the department of home health care nursing in a hospital and to analyze nursing intervention activities recorded in charts by application of Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. For the descriptive survey study, data were collected by reviewing charts of 572 home health care clients between May, 1997 and July, 2000 at K hospital in Seoul. The average age of the clients was 66 years and the number of clients in their 70s ranked first with 28.2 percent(158 people). The mean length of home care service was 47 days with the highest frequency of less than four weeks (56 %). With regard to medical diagnosis, cancer showed the highest frequency (48%, 271 people), followed by cerebrovascular disease (19%), and pulmonary disease (6.9%). According to analysis of nursing interventions by the NIC system, the most frequently used nursing interventions in level 1 were interventions in the Physiological: Complex domain which were used 3,663 times (33%) among 11,107 total interventions. The Safety domain was the second most frequently used intervention, followed by the Physiological: Basic, and the Behavioral domains. In level 2, the Risk Management class was the most frequently used interventions with 3,108 interventions (27.9%), followed by Drug Management, and Tissue Perfusion Management classes. In level 3 interventions, Vital Sign Monitoring was the most frequently used intervention, 569 times (5.1%), followed by Health Screening, and Neurological Monitoring interventions. In sum, half of the clients in the study had cancer and were in their 70s. The most frequent reason for ending home care was death (40%), followed by readmission (28%). These findings represent clients with severe conditions referred to the home care nursing department as it was a University teaching hospital. Further research on analyzing nursing interventions performed in each institution needs to be conducted to develop a standardized list of nursing interventions to use in home health care settings.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.423-432
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• 2016

Due to the increase in the number of transfer lines and ground level connections with mixed-use high-rise buildings, the Seoul Metro suffers from loaded signage fatigue because of the presence of too many signs. The purpose of this research is to propose ways of improving the wayfinding on the Seoul subway station by examining the signage and (applying the) universal design (UD) concept. A review of the literature explored five universal design components, viz. the accessibility, safety, equitability, perception, and aesthetics. The field investigation found that the ceiling and wall type and general information boards were high on the information hierarchy. The survey respondents merely perceived universal design concept, however, most needed principle. The IPA found that the signs should be appropriately laid out, spaced and located from the perspective of accessibility, and their unity and harmony were other aspects that could be improved while general information boards should include important landmarks outside. In conclusion, this study suggests that the universal design signage concept should be applied to every station and that specific stations should have a duly sign system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.554-566
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• 2014

An objective of VMS(Variable Message Signs) is to make transportation system effective specifically for driver's path selection. The traffic solutions including a VMS problem can be modeled through Game Theory, however, the majority of the studies can not model various driver's response according to VMS information in game theory. So, this paper tries to analyze a driver's response according to VMS traffic informations through evolutionary game theory. We apply a behavior characteristics of driver to evolutionary game theory, then finds drivers are only accepting in case of the biggest pay-off, and if a traffic flow finds a balance over time, ratio of accepting information is converged as an evolutionary stable state gradually. Consequently, the strategy of the other drivers such as traffic problems can not be predicted accurately. In case, drivers repeat between groups and reasonable judgment by the experience, we expect that VMS can provide strategic information through evolutionary game theory.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.1
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• pp.163-191
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• 1989

The accident of the midair collision, passengers' falling or goods' dropping occurs or supersonic aircraft make a sonic boom during their conveying passengers or goods to the destination. The accident in transmit damages the their parties on the surface or their properties. In these cases, the third parties who were harmed to their lives or properties have the right to claim damages against the air carrier who caused them. These matters have become one of the important things since aircraft conveyed passengers and goods. Therefore, it is a great concern to settle these matters by law. But the Safety of the present aircraft has been much increased and the aircraft have become larger in size. Its flight altitude became higher than before. So the relationship of the aircraft to the third parties is much different from that of the earlier aircraft. The air transport is now indispensable to our life. It is not so easy to control these matters. In the early part of 20th century, when the third parties suffered the damage, many European countries made laws on the basis of the principle of liability without fault. But each country had a variety of its own law, and different kinds of difficulties have been brought about. Accordingly, the Rome Convention on Surface Damage (1933, 1952, 1978) has been made and revised. In spite of being revised, it contains many problems, and is not carried into effect world-wide. On the other hand, there are no regulations about the compensation of the third parties damaged in Korean existing laws. In case the damage is brought about to them, it is obviously true that the settlement of the liability of compensation for damage should be made by the general principle on the tort in domestic laws. At this point, it is urgent that we make a special law though the domestic legislation as a preliminary measure before we sign the international convention to save third damaged. It is desirable that we should, for the responsibility of the air carriage for the demage of the third parties on the surface, bring in the theory of the absolute liability in view of the legislation of many conutries. As the aircraft fly in the sky, their flight always contains some danger. It is very difficult to prove the fault, and the operator should suffer the principle of liability without fault or the similiar one. In case the liability without fault will be imposed upon the operator for the damage of the third parties, it is necessary to bring in the liability protection system for the protection and up upbringing of the air carriage. The Burden of danger of the air carriage will be reduced by introducing the system. A domestic legislation measure should be necessarily taken as soon as possible as a legal security measure on these matters.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.114-121
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• 2009

The number of the disabled is increasing every year. Growing interest in social welfare, but still the disabled person in places is restricted on the activities are due to obstacles. This study proposes an improvement direction through an research and analysis of installation status of convenient facilities in social welfare halls was planned after that the law of increase of convenience for the disabled person is enforced in 1998. This study analyzed nine social welfare halls of seoul including Yongsan-gu(GW), Guro-gu(GD, HW), Yeongdeungpo-gu(SG), Seodaemun-gu(SD), Dobong-gu(DB), Nowon-gu(NS), Seongbuk-gu(WG) and Dongdaemun-gu(JG). The evaluation criteria for the installation of convenient facilities for the disabled person in each social welfare hall based on the law of increase of convenience for the disabled person, and referred to other data. Also, review the criteria for the installation of convenient facilities, and grasp the present situation through the survey of convenient facilities in social welfare halls, and provides the installation standards of convenient facilities. The result are as followings. There were many problems to be improved in approach of the intermediate space, parking lot, entrance of the inside space and corridor that must be installed for the convenience of the disabled. In the intermediate space, the slope of the ramp, curb, induction handle etc. for a safety must be installed. Parking spaces for the disabled must be located closest to the main entrance, an induction marker or the handle, and the attachment of a directional sign etc. must be improved. In the inside space, it is convenient for the disabled person use to install an automatic door and swing door simultaneously at the main entrance. And, the height of the door handle, an induction block, a braille display panels of the appropriate height in the entrance, a braille display in start and end of the stairs handle, the handle of the side wall, the stairs to prevent slippage etc. must be improved in the corridors. The case of the sanitation which is a recommendation item is equipped formally with disabled toilets are difficult to use. Information and other convenience facilities for the disabled person in all the social welfare halls were not considered.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.12C
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• pp.1692-1706
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• 2004

Recently, there are rapid development of information and communication and rapid growth of e-business users. Therefore we try to solve security problem on the internet environment which charges from wire internet to wireless internet or wire/wireless internet. Since the wireless mobile environment is limited, researches such as small size, end-to-end and privacy security are performed by many people. Wireless e-business adopts credit card WPP protocol and AIP protocol proposed by ASPeCT. WAP, one of the protocol used by WPP has weakness of leaking out information from WG which conned wire and wireless communication. certification chain based AIP protocol requires a lot of computation time and user IDs are known to others. We propose a Micro-Payment protocol based on credit card. Our protocol use the encryption techniques of the public key with ID to ensure the secret of transaction in the step of session key generation. IDs are generated using ECC based Weil Paring. We also use the certification with hidden electronic sign to transmit the payment result. The proposed protocol solves the privacy protection and Non-repudiation p개blem. We solve not only the safety and efficiency problem but also independent of specific wireless platform. The protocol requires the certification organization attent the certification process of payment. Therefore, other domain provide also receive an efficient and safe service.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.277-308
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• 2015

Recently the Japanese hostage crisis with Syria, the stake of the pilots IS of the terror group's affiliates like Kim incident occurred while urinarado IS not an exception anymore in connection with terrorism will not be able to do. In addition, particularly against terrorist groups worldwide, IS being a hero has been marginalized and wants uncritical drugs aimed at teens, such as dialog or game IS through SNS joined nationals as well as other countries, while recommending domestic complaints until the people power or luck, put the older brother can sign up for any terror group IS the terrorist group's terrorist acts while making the environment a national mark by foreigners or immigrants can be caused by the situation. Therefore, in this study, this IS serious for the terrorist acts of the terrorist group, IS due to the expansion of the domestic terrorist group caused the terror raids of about the dangers of foreign countries to review the case, and the incident has sought ways to prevent and respond to the rapporteur. The result IS due to the expansion of the domestic terrorist group caused the terror raids of the dangers of sex exists and that causes a response to the implements are as follows. First of all, IS brokering for the site of the terrorist group's approach to counter-terrorism Act will be a, and the next, each agency and terror for the information exchange and cooperation and serves as a reexamination of terror occurred through the quick and appropriate measures should be the language. Finally, the duties related to terrorism for teens, especially education and strengthen the safety program development and against terrorism should be carried out.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.3-15
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology for operating variable speed limit (VSL) strategies in freeway work zones. A notable feature in this study is to incorporate a multi-criteria decision making process into deriving better VSL strategies. Decision criteria in this study include operational efficiency, safety, and environmental impacts. Travel speed, acceleration noise, and CO2 were used as performance measures for evaluating VSL strategies. A multi-criteria value function was developed through an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) for representing expert's knowledge. Then, a variety of VSL operations scenarios were investigated utilizing a microscopic traffic simulation suite, VISSIM. The proposed methodology would be useful in supporting more efficient, safer, and more environment-friendly traffic operations and control in freeway work zones.