• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.409-420
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• 2016

The aim of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure the separation anxiety of mothers who use child care facilities. The scale was developed as follows: initial items generated, validity and reliability tests performed, and final items extracted. The initial items were developed through a literature review and interviews. The content validity was verified by five experts. Using a final questionnaire, the data was collected from 204 mothers who used child care facilities with a convenient sampling method. The construct validity was evaluated by item analysis, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses showed that the separation anxiety consisted of 6 factors: the mother's guilty feelings (5-items), safety of child care facilities (5-items), trust of teachers (5-items), child's anxiety (4-items), interaction anxiety with the child (4-items), and management of child care facilities (3-items). The separation anxiety scale for mothers using child care facilities consisted of 26 items. The reliability of the developed scale was examined. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient was 0.93. These results show that this scale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the separation anxiety level of mothers who use child care facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.4 no.3 s.11
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• pp.9-18
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• 2000

Accident analysis are useful in the design stage of chemical plants and their surrounding structures. Also, analysis results are required for safety management of existing plants. In this paper, the fire and explosion effect by BTX released was evaluated. The computer program was prepared for accident analysis and adopted for evaluating the magnitude of fire (pool fire) and explosion (UVCE) effect. The thermal radiation was used as a measure of fire magnitude and the overpressure as a measure of explosion magnitude. And probit analysis was made for each case. As a case study, benzene tank model was used. The simulation results of explosion of benzene showed that the damage within 20 meters from the accident spot was severe and the damage beyond 60 meters was negligible. The simulation results of fire of benzene showed that the damage in summer is bigger than that in winter. And the damage of city located inland seems to be bigger than that of city in seaside. And thermal radiation effects was negligible beyond 40 meters-distance from the accident spot.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship among knowledge, attitude, and behavior of dental personnel about the defense against dental radiation according to general features, and help them recognize the importance of defense against dental radiation. A questionnaire survey of 187 dental personnel who were working in 121 medical institutions such as university hospitals, general hospitals, hospitals, clinics, and public health centers in Seoul area was conducted from December 2002 to January 2003. Study findings are as follows: 1. The average knowledge score for the defense of radiation was 9.51(full score=14): By the demographic features, the know level for the defense of radiation was appeared to be different with the occupational category, age, academic background, workplace, year of working, and whether having the education of radiation or not. By questionnaire items, the knowledge for the defense of radiation was high in general, but for the item. 'the average amount of being bombed with radiation according occupations cannot be over 20mSv in a year for prescribed 5 years'. it was 18.7%: and for the item. 'the longer the length between focus and film. the less the amount of skin exposure', it was 40.6%. showing less knowledge for these two items. 2. The average attitude score for the defense of radiation was 64.24 (full score=75): By the demographic features, the attitude score was higher with respondents who were 31-35 years old. 11-15 years of working. and having radiation education. The attitude score by questionnaire items was generally high for all the items. 3. The average behavior score for the defense of radiation was 45.43: (a) By the demographic features, the behavior score for the defense of radiation was appeared to be higher with respondents who were dentists for occupational category, the aged for age, holding higher diploma for academic background, working in the university hospitals for workplace, and having longer occupational career for the year of working. (b) The behavior score for the defense of radiation by questionnaire items was lower than that of the attitude score for all the items. For the item, 'the amount of X-ray radiation is adjusted according to such conditions as patients' age, radiating areas, and kind of films', the score was 4.03; and for the item, 'Must receive the education of safety management of radiation periodically', the score was 1.73 and it was the lowest one. 4. As for the correlation among the knowledge, attitude, and behavior for the defense of radiation, the higher the level of knowledge and attitude, the higher the level of behavior.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.294-303
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• 2014

The state has the constitutional duty to secure the safety of its citizens and provide protection against any physical dangers. The Republic of Korea has a high threat of nuclear, biological and or chemical(hereafter referred to as NBC) attack from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Thus, the state has a responsibility to form a legislation to provide the protection for its citizens and implement duty to guarantee the human rights. Under the current legislation, the 'United Defense Act', 'Framework Act on Civil Defense' that are applied under wartime conditions are insufficient in providing the protection of the citizens of the state in the occurrence of NBC attack. Therefore, it is necessary that the 'Act for the Protection of Citizens in the occurrence of NBC Attack' is legislated to provide a system that protects the nation's citizens under the wartime conditions mentioned above. This paper incorporates a theoretical analysis of the need for the constitutional responsibility of the state to provide protection for its citizens under wartime conditions, the necessity of a specific measure to protect citizens during NBC attack, the relationship between 'Act for the Protection of Citizens in the occurrence of Nuclear, Chemical and or Biological Attack' and current legislations that are applied under wartime conditions, and the particulars of the proposed act.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.05
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• pp.315-319
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• 1996

We have developed a prototype patient monitoring system including module-based bedside units, interbed network, and central stations. A bedside unit consists of a color monitor and a main CPU unit with peripherals including a module controller. It can also include up to 3 module cases and 21 different modules. In addition to the 3-channel recorder module, six different physiological parameters of ECG, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, body temperature, and arterial pulse oximetry with plethysmogaph are provided as parameter modules. Modules and a module controller communicate with up to 1Mbps data rate through an intrabed network based on RS-485 and HDLC protocol. Bedside units can display up to 12 channels of waveforms with any related numeric informations simultaneously. At the same time, it communicates with other bedside units and central stations through interbed network based on 10Mbps Ethernet and TCP/IP protocol. Software far bedside units and central stations fully utilizes gaphical user interface techniques and all functions are controlled by a rotate/push button on bedside unit and a mouse on central station. The entire system satisfies the requirements of AAMI and ANSI standards in terms of electrical safety and performances. In order to accommodate more advanced data management capabilities such as 24-hour full disclosure, we are developing a relational database server dedicated to the patient monitoring system. We are also developing a clinical workstation with which physicians can review and examine the data from patients through various kinds of computer networks far diagnosis and report generation. Portable bedside units with LCD display and wired or wireless data communication capability will be developed in the near future. New parameter modules including cardiac output, capnograph, and other gas analysis functions will be added.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.306-312
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare the reduction of residues in/on mini-tomato by washing methods and to evaluate the relation of reduction rates in different pesticides. Mini-tomato was sprayed with three commercial pesticides, oxadixyl, thiophanate-methyl and chlorothalonil, and harvested for washing test as 0, 5 and 7 days elapsed. The reduction rates of oxadixyl in/on mini-tomato were 61, 11 and 4%, those of thiophanate-methyl were 89, 89 and 79%, and in case of chlorothlaonil, reduction rates were 84, 84 and 88%, respectively When mini-tomato at 0 day and 5 days after spray was washed by 0.02% of $Sur-ten^{(R)}$ solution, its pesticide residues were reduced by 81 and 55% on oxadixyl, 95 and 91% on thiophanate-methyl, and 97 and 98% on chlorothlaonil. When three wettable powdered pesticides with the same recipe were sprayed, their reduction rates in/on mini-tomato by washing with water at 0, 5 and 7 days were 76, 66 and 43% on oxadixyl, 91, 83 and 82% on thiophanate-methyl, and 65, 68 and 82% on chlorothlaonil, suggesting that the washing effect may be dependent on the amounts of active ingredients and inert types of the pesticides used.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2016

Disasters that occur most frequently in rural areas are drought, flood, damages from wind and cold weather. Among these, damages from storm and flood and drought are the main disasters and recently, these are occurring on a large scale due to unusual weather conditions. Under such circumstances, projects and researches on disasters in rural areas are under way but they are mostly targeting one area or making approaches focusing on repair facilities, maintenance project of facilities in small streams, and disaster management, so there have not been enough studies on the current status of overall damaged facilities in the rural areas. Against this backdrop, through the analysis of the current status of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, this study aims to provide base data for policies needed for disaster recovery planning and maintenance work of rural areas. For the analysis of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, using the annual report on disasters issued by Ministry of Public Safety and Security and based on the occurrence rate of estimated damage in each city and district for the past 10 years(2004~2013), 8 areas with the highest number of occurrence and cost of damage were found from each province and target areas were selected. Then, regarding the selected target areas, the General Plan for Reducing Damages from Storm and Flood, which is the report on top-level plan for preventing disasters, was secured and the current status of damaged facilities were analyzed. After organizing the analysis of current status, the tendency of damaged facilities due to storm and flood in rural areas, the items of damaged facilities depending on the types of storm and flood damages, and risk factors were suggested. Based on this result, in order to generalize the results of follow-up researches, it is thought that disaster recovery planning and establishing the system of remodeling items necessary for maintenance work would be possible by analyzing damage investigation items recorded in additional researches on rural areas, researches on natural disasters, and recovery plan instructions and by conducting on-site investigation on the damaged villages from storm and flood in rural areas.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2010

In the field of healthcare, the conventional sterilization treatments have been replaced by irradiation methods which are in accordance with internationally well established quality standards. The quality control in radiation sterilization assures that the absorbed dose of the irradiated material is in agreement with its requirements and standards. The electron beam irradiation requires technical assessments of more process parameters than gamma irradiation does. Korea has witnessed wide uses of electron accelerators since early 2000 but there hasn't been research experiences relating to quality system in accordance with international standards. The new large scale e-beam irradiation system with the specification of 10 MeV, 8 kW was installed and operated in 2008 by Seoul Radiology Services Co. It consists of the electron accelerator, product handling system, safety, documentation and control subsystems into an integrated system to meet the requirement of the Good Manufacturing Practice such as process quality assurance and management of product tracking records. To implement the international standard such as EN ISO11137, it is necessary to understand the purposes aimed in the standard and carry out the tests following the procedures required. This study presented the specification of the e-beam facility and showed what its design requirements and features are. The test results on a variety of process parameters were presented and validated it they are within the required limits.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.223-249
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• 2011

In modern society, citizens' quality of life aspects of safety and crime prevention activities are actively considering the incidence of crime prevention in advance. It also can be quite important elicit the interest of who community members through effective crime prevention strategies. For crime prevention policies and techniques over time as more scientific and advanced methods are made. Today, A typical crime prevention strategies is private security zones and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a corresponding to the new strategy. CPTED is a diversification can be called a crime prevention approach that emphasizes the principle of natural surveillance, access control, territoriality, activity support, maintenance and management. The defensible space of the space area related to crime prevention setting the activities of private security and CPTED determine. Also, the reality of crime prevention and protection should be considered space. The emphasis on proactive prevention of crime in modern society for the prevention of crime how to approach differing perspectives and disparate aspects of private security and CPTED. Technical and professional areas that overlap to some extent in a homogeneous aspect. Ultimately, CPTED is a crime prevention through space and environmental approach for crime. In addition, Ultimate goal of convergence, crime prevention, with the same or higher is required to study for the area after looking for the characteristics and limitations of private security and CPTED.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.357-371
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• 2008

Currently, the security operations in nation's key foundations in Korea are performed by private police and special security guard in accordance with the Private Police Act and Security Business Act, respectively. In 1960s, The Korean Government introduced the private police system in terms of the national security issues, but it was just a hurriedly-set plan on the basis of Japanese Sunsa system as by that time there was no such system revitalized. However, the special security guards could offer wider range of security services including those of the private police with the enactment and revision of the Security Business Act 1976 and April 2001, respectively. Moreover, the expectations and interests rose over the special security guards in nation's key foundations after 9.11Terror Event in the U. S. 2001. However, as we investigated the current education/training system for the special security guard, we found that such education/training which is not activating the specialty of special security guard will not respond to the social demands. Special security guard owns its own characteristics other than those of general security guard as they are in service in nation's key foundations. Thus, the effcient management and training for the special security guard is the most important matter for the safety and security of nation's key foundations. Therefore, the well-educated special security guard through the reorganized and specialized education/training for the protection of nation's key foundations is expected to offer qualitatively improved security services.