• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2022

The test apparatus that can be protected from the high-temperature combustion flame and coolant injection was successfully manufactured. In this study, the coolant-injection module had a controllable consistent pressure, and the entire combustion module was protected using a nonflammable composite liner. Every flange was designed in accordance with the DIN standard, and the entire body of the module was designed in accordance with the EN 13445 code. Additionally, the hydraulic pressure test was performed in accordance with the 2014/68/EU directive and EN 13445 standard. Finally, after manufacturing, performance tests (such as pressure tests) were conducted to verify the reliability and safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.150-150
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• 2001

To investigate the genotoxic effect of 1, 1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, which was widely used as a cleaning solvent at the electronic part industry, the micronucleus frequencies were recorded by examining polychromatic erythrocytes in bone marrows of the rodents exposed to it with different routes.(omitted)

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

This paper describes analysis of risk voltage for grounding electrode where earth leakage current is injected. To assess risk voltage of grounding electrode, the grounding simulator and CDEGS program were used to obtain measured data and theoretical results of this study. The grounding simulator was composed of a hemispherical water tank, AC power supply, a movable potentiometer, and test grounding electrodes. The shapes of grounding electrode model was ground rod. The potential rise was measured by grounding simulator, and the touch and step voltages were computed by CDEGS program. As a consequence, the potential rise of ground rod abruptly decreases with increasing the distance from the grounding electrode to the point to be tested. The touch voltage above the ground rod was low, but the step voltage was high. The measured results were compared with the computer calculated data and were known in good agreement.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2024

Background: The pain caused by local anesthetic injection can lead to patient anxiety prior to surgery, potentially necessitating sedation or general anesthesia during the excision procedure. In this study, we aim to compare the pain relief efficacy and safety of using a digital automatic anesthetic injector for local anesthesia. Methods: Thirty-three patients undergoing excision of a benign soft tissue tumor under local anesthesia were prospectively enrolled from September 2021 to February 2022. A single-blind, randomized controlled study was conducted. Patients were divided into two groups by randomization: the experimental group with digital automatic anesthetic injector method (I-JECT group) and the control group with conventional injection method. Before surgery, the Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was used to measure the patients' anxiety. After local anesthetic was administered, the Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to measure the pain. The amount of anesthetic used was divided by the surface area of the lesion was recorded. Results: Seventeen were assigned to the conventional group and 16 to the I-JECT group. The mean Numeric Pain Rating Scale was 1.75 in the I-JECT group and 3.82 in conventional group. The injection pain was lower in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). The mean Amsterdam preoperative anxiety information scale was 11.00 in the I-JECT group and 9.65 in conventional group. Patient's anxiety did not correlate to injection pain regardless of the method of injection (p= 0.47). The amount of local anesthetic used per 1 cm² of tumor surface area was 0.74 mL/cm² in the I-JECT group and 2.31 mL/cm² in the conventional group. The normalization amount of local anesthetic was less in the I-JECT group (p< 0.01). There was no difference in the incidence of complications. Conclusion: The use of a digital automatic anesthetic injector has shown to reduce pain and the amount of local anesthetics without complication.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1995

Phenol, acetaminophen (AA) and salicylamide are all known to be sulfated in rats and mice. We have previously demonstrated that capacity-limited sulfation of xenobiotics in rats is due to the reduced availability of hepatic 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), the cosubstrate for sulfation, which in turn is limited by the availability of its precursor, inorganic sulfate. Because species differences have been reported in the extent of sulfation, this study was conducted to determine whether these xenobiotics lower hepatic PAPS and sulfate in ICR mice. All three substrates decreased serum sulfate concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner. However, contrary to the observations in rats, phenol markedly increased hepatic PAPS concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, 1 hr after ip injection of 0∼4 mmol/kg. Following ip injection of 4 mmol/kg phenol, hepatic PAPS concentraions were enhanced 2∼3 fold, 0.5-2 hr after dosing and returned to control values 3 hr after dosing, whereas AA and salicylamide had little effect on hepatic PAPS concentraions. In summary, these studies demonstrate that phenol markedly enhances hepatic PAPS concentrations in mice, whereas hepatic PAPS levels are not affected by AA and salicylamide. Our data suggest that 1) hepatic sulfation for high dosages of xenobiotics in ICR mice is not limited by the availability of cosubstrate and 2) there are significant species differences in the regulation of PAPS between rats and mice.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.202-211
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• 1996

Experiments were performed on male Sprague-Dawley rats to investigate the immunobiological effects on route of administration of amygdalin(AM). Rats were administered orally at 12.5, 25, or 50mg/kg/day of AM or injected wtih 25,50, or 100mg/kg/day of AM intravenously for 2 weeks. Rats were immunized and challenged with sheep red blood cells(SRBC). The results of this study were summarized as follows;(1) In oral administration of AM, body weight gains were significantly increased by 50mg/kg AM as compared with controls, the relative weights of liver and thymus also were significantly increased by 12.5 and 25mg/kg AM. However, 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant hemagglutination titier (2-MER HA), Plaque forming cells (PFC) and rosette forming cells (RFC) were non-dose dependently decreased. Phagocytic activity and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction also were significantly decreased by 50mg/kg AM. (2) In intravenous injection of AM, body weight gains, hemagglutination titer (HA), 2MER-HA, DTH reaction, PFC, RFC and circulating leukocytes were not influenced by AM. However, the relative weights of liver, spleen and thymus were significantly enhanced 100mg/kg AM. These results indicated that oral administration of AM non-dose dependently suppresses humoral and cell-mediated immunity in SD rats, and that intravenous injection of AM is unaffected humoral and cell-mediated immunity, however, the high dose of it significantly enhances phagocytic activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.337-337
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• 1994

Phenol, acetaminophen(AA) and salicylamide are all known to be sulfated in rats and mioe. We have previously demonstrated that capacity-limited sulfation of xenobiotics in rats is due to the reduced availability of hepatic PAPS, the co-substrate for sulfation, which in turn is limited by the availability of its precursor, inorganic sulfate. Because species differences have been reported in the extent of sulfation, this study was conducted to determine whether these xenobiotics lower hepatic PAPS and sulfate in ICR mice. All three substrates decreased serum sulfate concentrations in a dose-and time-dependent manner. However. contrary to the observations in rats, phenol markedly increased hepatic PAPS concentraions in a dose-dependent manner, 1 hr after ip injection of 0-4 mmol/kg. Following ip injection of 2 or4 mmol/kg phenol, hepatic PAPS concentraions were enhanced 2-3 fold, 0.52 hr arter dosing and returned to control values 3 hr after dosing, whereas AA and salicylamide had little effect on hepatic PAPS concentrations. In summary. these studies demonstrate that phenol markedly enhances hepatic PAPS concentrations in mice, whereas hepatic PAPS levels are not affected by AA and salicylamide. Our data suggest that 1) hepatic sulfation for high dosages of xenobiotics in ICR mice is not limiod by the availability of co-substrate, and 2) there are significant species differences in the regulation of PAPS between rats and mice.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.173-178
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• 2001

This paper studies the structure and reliability of homogeneous s-coherent multistate system. We describe efficiency of inclusion-exclusion algorithm and pivotal decomposition algorithm for reliability calculation of 2-states system which developed in (Lee 1999) ［10］. We extend our method, applied in ［10］, to the case when components of the system are given multi-states. As an application, the high pressure injection system of a pressurized water reactor is modeled as a multistate system composed of homogeneous s-coherent multistate subsystems. And Several examples are illustrated.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.161-170
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• 2007

Metal fuel, which was abandoned in the 1960's in favor of oxide fuel, has since then proven to be a viable fast reactor fuel. Key discoveries allowed high burnup capability and excellent steady-state as well as off-normal performance characteristics. Metal fuel is a key to achieving inherent passive safety characteristics and compact and economic fuel cycle closure based on electrorefining and injection-casting refabrication.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.497-511
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• 2004

A PSV (pressurizer safety valve) popping test carried out in the early phases of a refueling outage may trigger a test-induced LOCA(loss of coolant accident) if a PSV fails to fully close and is stuck in a partially open position. According to a KSNP (Korea standard nuclear power plant) low power and shutdown PSA (probabilistic safety assessment), the failure of a high pressure safety injection (HPSI) accompanied by the failure of a PSV to fully close was identified as a dominant accident sequence with a significant impact on low power and shutdown risks (LPSR). In this study, we aim to investigate and verify a new means for mitigating this type of accident using a thermal-hydraulic analysis. In particular, we explore the applicability of an aggressive cool-down combined with operator actions. The results of the various sensitivity studies performed there will help reduce LPSR and improve Refueling outage safety.