• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-19
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• 2003

The airspace has to be designed considering the flight safety and economic efficiency of aircraft operators. The International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO) published standards and recommended practices for safe design of the airspace. Each contracting country must follow the ICAO standards in designing the airspace for the utilization of civil aviation. Normally each member establishes its own standards and national aviation law for the safe and efficient design of the airspace, regarding the ICAO standards. However, our government has not developed yet clear and detailed standards and regulation system for airspace design. This might lead to aviation accidents and disputes between operators of aviation system This study is to review the characteristics of ICAO standards and a legal problem related to application of international standards for airspace design. Specifically this research analyzed the case of airspace design and operation of a domestic airport. The results of analysis are as follow: (1) per the safety of civil aviation, it is very required to establish national regulation system to follow ICAO standards in designing airspace, (2) It is also necessary to establish separate procedure for civil aircraft in military air base, when the aerodrome is co-used by military and civil aircraft. If the same procedure for military aircraft is applied to civil aircraft, it is necessary to make clear what the design concept is, (3) and the differences from ICAO standards have to be publicly known.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.5541-5549
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• 2015

This paper introduces a safer and more power efficient heater by using induction heating, to apply to the semiconductor wafer fabrication exhaust gas cleaning system. The exhaust gas cleaning system is currently made with filament heater that generates an endothermic reaction of N2 gas for the removal of moisture. Induction theory, through the bases of theoretical optimization and electronic implementation, is applied in the design of the induction heater specifically for the semiconductor wafer exhaust system. The new induction heating design provides a solution to the issues with the current energy inefficient, unreliable, and unsafe design. A robust and calibrated design of the induction heater is used to optimize the energy consumption. Optimization is based on the calibrated ZVS induction circuit design specified by the resonant frequency of the exhaust pipe. The fail-safe energy limiter embedded in the system uses a voltage regulator through the feedback of the MOSFET control, which allows the system performance to operate within the specification of the N2 Heater unit. A specification and performance comparison from current conventional filament heater is made with the calibrated induction heater design for numerical analysis and the proof of a better design.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.755-767
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• 2018

This paper uses a finite element based approach to provide a comprehensive understanding to the behaviour and the design performance of buried uPVC pipes with different diameters. It also investigates pipes with good and poor haunch support and proposes minimum safe wall thicknesses for these pipes. The results for pipes with good haunch support showed that the maximum pipe wall stress and deformation increase as the diameter increased. The results for pipes with poor haunch support showed an increase in the dependency of the developed vertical displacement on the haunch support as the diameter or the backfill height increased. Additionally, poor haunch support was found to increase the soil pressure, with the effect increasing as the diameter increased. The design of uPVC pipes for both poor and good haunch support was found to be governed by critical buckling. A key outcome is a new design chart for the minimum wall thickness, which enables the robust and economic design of buried uPVC pipes. Importantly, the methodology adopted in this study can also be applied to the design of flexible pipes manufactured from other materials, buried under different conditions and subjected to different loading arrangements.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02b
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

Since 2000, there have been many changes in the residential types, such as an intelligent apartment which integrates both resting space and production space with comfort able, pleasant and safe environments based on internet systems. As the result of the rapid decrease in the birth rate and the prolonged lifespan around the world, it is expected that we will enter into an aging society by 2026. With such the expected change in the living patterns, many issues concerning the increased number of the elderly people have emerged as major social problems such as changes of family formation, its function and values, responsibility of caring for the aged, health and medical care, habitation policies and so on, and it is required to reconsider the social awareness on the living qualities of each old person. However, we have not yet satisfied such requirements with appropriate policies for the improvement of the living environment for them. It is considered, therefore, that we need to develop a new tool that, according to our goals, can give us a broad understanding on several considerations in designing the future homes for the elder people, making it possible to check the process changed by residents' needs in real time and apply it immediately to the space. As we have seen, it is required that spatial design process and design methodology should be considered in designing the homes for the aged for the pre-occupancy design evaluation.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2013

In this study, an externally reinforced structural system for SMC(Sheet Molding Compound) panel water tank, designed according to the Japanese design code, is experimented to evaluate its seismic performance. The test tank is 3m long, 2m wide and 3m high, considering the capacity and size of the shaking table. The measured hydrodynamic pressures are found to be approximately 70% of the Japanese design code values. It may be partially due to the convex shape effect of the unit panels. The analytical results of externally reinforced system based on the measured dynamic water pressures are found in good agreement with the test results. If the design hydrodynamic pressures are estimated properly, the proposed analytical model for the externally reinforced water tank becomes a useful design tool and the Japanese design code is found to provide a safe design for the external frames of SMC panel water tank.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2013

The field of structural fire engineering has evolved within the construction industry, driven largely by the acceptance of performance-based or goal-based design. This evolution has brought two disciplines very close together - that of structural engineering and fire engineering. This paper presents an overview of structural systems that are frequently adopted in tall building design; typical beams and columns, concrete filled steel tube columns and long span beams with web openings. It is shown that these structural members require a structural analysis in relation to their temperature evolution and failure modes to determine adequate thermal protection for a given fire resistance period. When this is accounted for, a more explicit understanding of the behaviour of the structure and significant cost savings can be achieved. This paper demonstrates the importance of structural fire assessments in the context of tall building design. It is shown that structural engineers are more than capable of assessing structural capacity in the event of fire using published methodologies. Rather than assumed performance, this approach can result in a safe and quantified design in the event of a fire.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2017

To empower safe, economical and eco-friendly sustainable solution for enhancing oil and gas productivity from deep water reservoirs, new downhole technologies are recommended. Since electric machine plays leading role in the downhole application, it is a squeezing requirement for researchers to design and develop advanced electric machine. The Recent improvement in technology and uses of high-temperature magnets, permanent magnet flux switching machine (PMFSM) has become one of the appropriate contenders for offshore drilling but fewer designed for downhole due to ambient temperature. Therefore this comprehensive study deals with the design optimization and performance analysis of outer rotor PMFSM for the downhole application. Preliminary, the basic design parameters needed for machine design are calculated mathematically. Then the design refinement technique is implemented through deterministic method. Finally, initial and optimized performance of the machine is compared and as a result the output torque is increase from 16.39 Nm to 33.57 Nm while diminishing the cogging torque and PM weight up to 1.77 Nm and 0.79 kg, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that purposed optimized design is suitable for the downhole application.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.139-146
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to propose the building design guideline considering photovoltaic panel installation through the analysis of relevant guidelines from home and abroad in terms of building design and solar panel installation. Conclusions can be summarized as followings; Considerations in building design : selection of the site with high solar accessibility, avoidance of the shade from the adjacent building & trees, south facing orientation of solar panel in building design, removal of shade on the solar panel from the part of building itself, load consideration of solar panel & fixing materials, safe passage securement for solar system maintenance, and planning of piping and mechanical room for solar system. Considerations in solar panel installation : harmonizing of solar panel with surrounding environment, unity of solar panel orientation & slope, regular maintenance of solar system, (in case of flat roof installation) solar panel installation afloat over the roof, installation area within the roof floor, and lower than parapet height, (in case of sloped roof installation) solar panel installation parallel with the roof slope, ventilation space securement below the panel, installation area within the roof surface, and similar material installation in empty space.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.293-309
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• 2022

Accurate design models for predicting the shear resistance of headed studs in solid concrete slabs are essential for obtaining economical and safe steel-concrete composite structures. In this study, symbolic regression with genetic programming (GPSR) was applied to experimental data to formulate new descriptive equations for predicting the shear resistance of studs in solid slabs using both normal and lightweight concrete. The obtained GPSR-based nominal resistance equations demonstrated good agreement with the test results. The equations indicate that the stud shear resistance is insensitive to the secant modulus of elasticity of concrete, which has been included in many international standards following the pioneering work of Ollgaard et al. In contrast, it increases when the stud height-to-diameter ratio increases, which is not reflected by the design models in the current international standards. The nominal resistance equations were subsequently refined for use in design from reliability analyses to ensure that the target reliability index required by the Eurocodes was achieved. Resistance factors for the developed equations were also determined following US design practice. The stud shear resistance predicted by the proposed models was compared with the predictions from 13 existing models. The accuracy of the developed models exceeds the accuracy of the existing equations. The proposed models produce predictions that can be used with confidence in design, while providing significantly higher stud resistances for certain combinations of variables than those computed with the existing equations given by many standards.

• Proceedings of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.261-266
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• 2000

This paper consider the effects of the human-body stiffness on the response of the footbridge to ground shaking by an earthquake. A mass-spring, suggested by Tianjian Ji(1999), describing the stiffness of the human body and an inert mass specified in the Code as the appropriate human whole-body model are used and the responses of the structure in both cases to ground shaking are were compared. Finally this paper ascertains whether the consideration of the human body as a mass is safe in the aseismic design.