• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.234-242
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• 2010

In order to make an effective use of spatial resources in the city, detailed environmental plan strategies based on 'culture' are needed. An integral part of city spaces-'underground space' serves as one of the spatial resources with much effective usage potentials. Hence, 'underground space' needs cultural vitality. The purpose of this study is to propose an thorough indoor environmental plan guideline for the cultural vitality of 'underground space'. The methods used to conduct research include precedent study reviews and survey. Through this research, following conclusions are drawn. First, to promote cultural vitality at the 'underground space', it must be transformed into the cultural public place to be utilized for cultural activities by residents. Second, the 'underground space' requires 'concept of eco-friendly space for clean environment'. Third, 'safe environment' concept must be installed in the 'underground space' to promote the cultural vitality. Fourth, the 'underground space' requires 'complex/block level network plans between cultural spaces in addition to horizontal/vertical walking network between cultural environments in ground level and underground spaces. Fifth, the 'underground space' requires underground public cultural space plan through 'reasonable underground development with considerations of the facilities related to education, culture and history'. Sixth, 'public cultural space plan for various cultural spaces' and 'supply of space for cultural activities for residents and design plan for mutual culture exchange' are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.126-137
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• 2020

This study collected and analyzed the fishing process of existing fishing boat and newly built fishing boat by using the video observation methods to understand the improvement of fishing operation efficiency and safety according to the scale change of coastal composite fishing boat. The fishing operation efficiency was calculated by analyzing the frequency of movement, the movement distance and the moving time per basket used in the fishing process to derive the improvement of the newly built fishing boat compared to the existing fishing boat. It was confirmed that the mean frequency of movements decreased to 13.9%, the average moving time decreased to 21.8%, the mean movement distance increased to 20.5% and the movement through the top of gunwale did not occur. Movement of frequency, increased and time according to the fishing operation were directly affected by the width of side passages and the presence or absence of walking obstruction such as bulwark stay, hatch coaming and fishing gears on deck. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for redesigning into a safe and efficient coastal composite fishing boat in the future.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.5-23
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aims to conduct a systematic review of the physical, psychosocial and physiological effects of Tai Chi exercise in elderly. Method: 37 articles from Medline search of foreign journals (1966-2006) were surveyed by the key words 'Tai Chi', 'Tai-chi program' and 'Tai-chi and elderly' limiting the range to age 65 or older, choosing clinical trial and randomized controlled trial research in English articles. Four articles were excluded due to methodological study, pilot study and review. The research was analyzed according to health status of the subjects, styles and forms of Tai Chi exercises, factors for physical, psychosocial and physiological measures. Result: A short forming Yang style was commonly used in chronic diseases and health for elderly. Variable outcome measures were used in Tai Chi studies relating to balance, muscle strength, walking and mobility, flexibility and cardiorespiratory function in physical measure, quality of life, depression, self-efficacy, health status, cognition and impact questionnaire in psychosocial measure, lipids, insulin resistance and hormone in physiological measure. Conclusion: Tai Chi exercise appears to have physical and psychosocial benefits and also appears to be safe for elderly and chronic diseases. It is suggested that future studies analyze statistical part of systematic reviews through meta analysis.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2021

One of the most challenging issues when robots interact with the environment is to establish contact quickly and avoid high impact force at the same time. The proposed method implements the passive suspension system using the redundancy of the torque-controlled robot. Instead of utilizing the actual mechanical compliance, the distal joints near the end-effector are controlled to act as a virtual spring-damper system with low feedback gains. The proximal joints are precisely controlled to push the mid-link, which is defined as the boundary link between the proximal and distal joints, towards the environment with high feedback gains. Compared to the active compliance methods, the contact force measurements or estimates are not required for contact establishment and the control time delay problems do not occur correspondingly. The proposed method was applied to the landing foot control of the 12-DoF biped robot DYROS-RED in the simulations. In the results, the impact force during landing was significantly reduced at the same collision speed.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2022

This paper proposes a method for estimating the road surface condition and tilt angle using an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to improve the safety in the use of mobility aids for the elderly. The measurements of the accelerometers of the IMU usually include the accelerations caused by not only the gravitational force but also linear and rotational motions. Thus, the gravitational accelerations are first extracted using several physical constraints and then incorporated into the Kalman filter to estimate the tilt angle. In addition, because the magnitudes of the accelerations produced by the rotational motions (roll and pitch motions) vary with the road surface condition, a criterion based on such accelerations is presented to classify the condition of the road surface. The obtained road surface condition and tilt angle are finally combined to provide the safety information (e.g., safe, warning, and danger) for the user to improve the walking safety. Experiments were carried out and the results showed that the proposed method can provide the condition of the road surface, the tilt of the road surface, and the safety information correctly.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2024

Humanoid robots, designed to interact in human environments, require stable mobility to ensure safety. When a humanoid robot falls, it causes damage, breakdown, and potential harm to the robot. Therefore, fall detection is critical to preventing the robot from falling. Prevention of falling of a humanoid robot requires an operator controlling a crane. For efficient and safe walking control experiments, a system that can replace a crane operator is needed. To replace such a crane operator, it is essential to detect the falling conditions of humanoid robots. In this study, we propose falling detection methods using Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model. The image data of a humanoid robot are collected from various angles and environments. A large amount of data is collected by dividing video data into frames per second, and data augmentation techniques are used. The effectiveness of the proposed CNN model is verified by the experiments with the humanoid robot MAX-E1.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to compare and analyze the change that must be applied to the evaluation of the slipperiness of an inclined floor, when considering its use by the physically handicapped and by the able-bodied. For this study, a simulator that can reproduce the characteristics of the body sway of a physically handicapped person was developed through a comparative experiment between able-bodied people and people with hemiplegia. In addition, as cale for the evaluation of the slipperiness of flat floors and inclined floors was composed by the sensory test result targeting physically handicapped persons (able-bodied persons wore the body sway for the handicapped and ageing in the experiment) and the able-bodied. In terms of the evaluation of the slipperiness of an inclined floor, it was evaluated that it is safe when the C.S.R' (Coefficient of Slip Resistance) of a healthy person is over 0.30, while it was evaluated that it is dangerous when the C.S.R' of a physically handicapped person is over $0.45{\sim}0.50$. Concerning this difference, it is judged that the reason for this difference is that the walking mechanism differs between an able-bodied person and a physically handicapped person.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.46-54
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• 2018

A total of 19 elevators for evacuation were installed in the Lotte World Tower and it is planned to operate the shuttle using the manual key from five refuge floors to the 1st floor in an emergency. In the event of a fire or other disaster, it is necessary to conduct intensive analysis to determine how much RSET reduction could be achieved using the evacuation elevator compared to the existing evacuation plans. When the optimal transportation sharing ratio by the evacuation elevators was 40% at the Lotte World Tower, the RSET of the evacuation scenario in parallel with the elevators in the entire building was calculated to be 1 hour and 2 minutes. The RSET of a conventional evacuation scenario (Walking along the stairs without using the elevators) was calculated to be 1 hour 29 minutes, therefore, the former evacuation scenario were found to have a shortening effect of approximately 27 minutes compared to the latter. On the other hand, to maintain this effect, each part of the evacuation route using the elevator must have the capability to protect the evacuee from any hazards caused by fires, such as smoke, flame, and radiant heat during the evacuation. Moreover, the evacuation route should be continuous from the residence position of the elevator user to the final evacuation site, and be recognized easily.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.47-65
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to study and propose playground facilities for physically challenged children to cultivate adaptability in society and advances the opportunity of participate in physical exercise. This study carried out site investigations by visiting and inspecting various facilities: a recreational walking path for physically challenged people, a care facility for physically challenged children, a special school for physically challenged children, and "Madel Park", a private-use playground for physically challenged children. The result of the site investigation found that, overall, play facilities are difficult to use for physically challenged children. In addition, because park space is often small and narrow, children who are restricted to wheelchairs find it impossible to access such facilities. By carefully inspecting each of the facilities, the author found suitable elements to apply for outside play space. These elements include the introduction of an essential slope way to allow for safe movement, the provision of special seats which support the body to outside play equipment and the adaptation of treatment room instruments that assist balance to outdoor playground facilities. On the basis of the site investigation the interview and the indoor education program for physically challenged children the author completed an outside play program. Each item in this program was classified as belonging to either a "sense play" program or and "exercise play" program. Finally, the author designed suitable play equipment for physically challenged children corresponding to each item in the exercise programs in order to research the appropriateness of the equipment to its intended use. This research is the first step. From this point the author expects that specific applications will be developed through a practical space plan and sufficient clinical experiments involving use of the new equipment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.480-488
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• 2008

Orthodontists often treat cases which are difficult to treat with conventional orthodontics. In such cases, it could be treated with surgical procedures with the help of an oral surgeon. Especially, transverse deficiency of the mandible can be corrected by widening the transverse width of mandibular symphysis, using distraction osteogenesis. Transverse widening of mandibular sympysis is known as a safe treatment but still complications could occur during the treatment. We are reporting some complications of cases that mandibular symphysis transverse widening were applied. Some cases showed complications because of the inappropriate osteotomy line. Since straight vertical osteotomy line was inclined to the left, only the left bony segment was likely to expand. According to bio-mechanical considerations, it will be better to perform a step osteotomy, cutting the eccentric area of the alveolar crest and the centric area of the basal symphyseal area. Complications could also occur by the failure of the distraction device. The tooth borne distraction device was attached on the lingual side of the tooth with composite resin. During the distraction period, it was impossible to obtain appropriate distraction speed and rhythm because of frequent fall off of the distraction device. Therefore, distraction device should be attached firmly with orthodontic band or bone screw, etc. Tooth mobility increasement could also occur as a complication. 'Walking teeth phenomenon' was observed during the distraction period, showing severe teeth mobility and pain during mastication. These symptoms fade out during the consolidation period. Since the patient could feel insecure and uncomfortable, it should be notified to the patient before the procedure. Finally, alveolar crestal bone loss could occur. Alveolar crestal bone loss occurred because of lack of distraction device firmness and teeth trauma caused by lower lip biting habit. Therefore, adequate firmness of the distraction device and habit control will be needed.