• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey basic data for management of elderly day care centers. In this study, occupation, leisure life, and food, clothing and habituation, as well as social relationship, health state and behavior, and general characteristics of subjects were examined to identify the factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers. The subjects of this study were 392 elderly, aged 60 years or over, living in Gangnung and neighboring districts. Data were collected by educated interviewers from November 4 through November 22, 2002. The subjects were interviewed face to face, one for one after the interviewee's agreements on the survey. The collected data were analysed with logistic regression analysis by SAS (statistical analysis system). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify affecting factors for cognition, need and preference of the elderly day care centers. The major findings are as follows: 1. The factors affecting cognition for the day care centers were analysed. The subjects with an occupation and a lower satisfaction level of living environment and friendship, who were economically secure enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher level of cognition of the day care centers. The subjects with a higher level of mental health state and a lower level of IADL also showed a higher level of cognition. On the general characteristics younger female subjects showed a higher level of cognition. 2. The subjects with a lower level of perceived economic condition who did not own their housing and were not economically safe enough to manage a sudden accident, had showed a higher level of need for the day care centers. It showed that the subjects with a high level of mental health state, a bad eye sight and dental condition, a good perceived health condition, and a lower level of IADL, needed the centers. 3. The subjects who had an occupation, however, not capable of making their own daily expenses, and a low occupation satisfaction level, and who did not own their housing, and were economically poor not enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher preference for the day care centers. The subjects with higher levels of friendship satisfaction and perceived health condition, not living with their spouse, and a higher education level, showed a higher preference for the centers. In conclusion, the common factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers were occupation, economic security enough to manage accidents, and friendship satisfaction level. Especially, the subjects who had an occupation, however, not economically secure enough to manage accidents, and who did not live in their own housing with a good perceived health condition, showed high levels of need and preference for the day care centers. These results can be used as basic data to develop the efficient elderly day care centers, thus contribute to the elderly welfare in a local community.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1176-1187
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• 2014

In Contemporary residential area, especially apartment commplex, crime affect the quality of life and sustainability of cities. So our interest is an all-time high in the role that planning processes and the design of the physical environment can play in reducing the opportunity for crime. The purpose of this study try to find the possibility of application of CPTED in Urban Apartment Complex. Recently, as increase of residencial density, diverse and new types of crime are increasing in urban apartment complex. It is the current of times which demand our serious consideration. This research focused on crime reduction through the physical environmental control methods. And the concepts and contents of CPTED are studied and the case studies of developed countries are surveyed. For groping in the practical application, researched into the case study of apartment blocks in medium sized city, Cheongju. Also Local crime prevention initiatives require partnership working, both between professionals and with local communities. The result of this study has implicated, increasing importance on daily safety issue in urban life and examining the possibility of applying crime prevention and reduction program and systems.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2019

Purpose: This study is the analysis of the relationship between the physical safety of the urban spaces and the aging in place tendency of the elderly. Method: For analysis, the physical safety of the urban space is divided into four elements: outdoor space and building safety, pedestrian safety, transportation safety and living safety, and for aging in place, the 5-point Likert scale was used. A questionnaire survey was conducted for 411 elderly people aged 65 or older living in Seoul for each of the five urban community in Seoul. Results: 78.6% of the respondents answered that they are good at continuing to live in the present living area, the elderly living in Seoul has the high tendency of aging in place. The ratio of respondents who answered that good at living continuedly is in the order of southeast, northwest, southwest, northeast, and downtown. Conclusion: When the percentage of respondents who answered that they are good at staying in the current living area is high, not only the overall physical safety but also the average of the physical safety factors of the urban space are also high, physical safety of urban spaces is a factor affecting aging in place. Based on the results of the study, it can be applied as a method to create a safe city in the process of city development or urban renewal in the future.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.110-117
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out kinematic and kinetic differences the lower extremity joint according to the landing type during vertical jump movement after jump landing, and to present an efficient landing method to reduce the incidence of injury in youth players. Method: Total of 24 Youth players under Korean Sport and Olympic Committee, who used either heel contact landing (HCG) or toe contact landing (TCG) participated in this study (HCG (12): CG height: 168.7 ± 9.7 cm, weight: 60.9 ± 11.6 kg, age: 14.1 ± 0.9 yrs., career: 4.3 ± 2.9 yrs., TCG height: 174.8 ± 4.9 cm, weight: 66.9 ± 9.9 kg, age 13.9 ± 0.8 yrs., career: 4.7 ± 2.0 yrs.). Participants were asked to perform jump landing consecutively followed by vertical jump. A 3-dimensional motion analysis with 19 infrared cameras and 2 force plates was performed in this study. To find out the significance between two landing styles independent t-test was performed and significance level was set at .05. Results: HCG showed a significantly higher dorsi flexion, extension and flexion angle at ankle, knee and hip joints, respectively compared with those of TCG (p<.05). Also, HCG revealed reduced RoM at ankle joint while it showed increased RoM at knee joint compared to TCG (p<.05). In addition, HGC showed greater peak force, a loading rate, and impulse than those of TCG (p<.05). Finally, greater planta flexion moment was revealed in TCG compared to HCG at ankle joint. For the knee joint HCG showed extension and flexion moment in E1 and E2, respectively, while TCG showed opposite results. Conclusion: Compared to toe contact landing, the heel contact landing is not expected to have an advantage in terms of absorbing and dispersing the impact of contact with the ground to the joint. If these movements continuously used, performance may deteriorate, including injuries, so it is believed that education on safe landing methods is needed for young athletes whose musculoskeletal growth is not fully mature.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.20
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• pp.223-272
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• 2009

Both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have strong aspirations for establishing a world comprised of human-beings. In other words, Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy put human-beings in the place of 'subject character(主語的 人格)' instead of 'predicate character(述語的 人格).' This is because a human is the master rather than a guest of the universe and the world. In this regard, it is safe to say that both Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy have a common goal of reaching 'an infinitely open life managed by a human-being, the master.' Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy also share the idea that everything in the universe is an organistic world that is closely connected, like a network. In this aspect, the two philosophies consider the whole world rather than the individual, and seek ways for people to live together actively while expanding the scope of community to the world. Even if 'the morality of living together (相生)' and 'the realization of mercy(同體大悲)' are completely different languages on the surface, it is not difficult to understand the homogeneity inherent in such expressions. Daesoon philosophy and Buddhist philosophy show endless reliability towards all humans and are declarative and reasonable, but both herald human beings as eligible to become the main characters of the future world and lead to the birth of independent human beings while inducing them to the highest position in the universe by liberating humans from the limitations they find. 'Heaven on Earth' as stated in Daesoon philosophy refers to an ideal society where humans and God harmonize, and God and humans complement each other. Also, the world will achieve political stability and equality, realizing an economically prosperous world. Furthermore, social justice will be realized and cultural and religious conflicts resolved. As humans acknowledge there is a way to live together in a universal nature, the environmental issue no longer becomes the top priority for human beings and a world where the morals of human beings reach the highest level will be established. From the original Buddhist perspective, King Jeonrhyun, the proxy of Buddha, realizes the ideal of Buddhism in the mundane world. The world controlled by King Jeonrhyun can be described as having liberty, equality, peace, justice, prosperity, morality, order, legality, democracy, welfare, etc. Therefore, the ideal Buddhist world is materially prosperous, physically healthy and socially just, as well as a world where moral maturity and mental freedom are achieved.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2023

This study explores school location, school environment, educational conditions, and appropriate scale of schools in the context of Sejong City's development area and identifies effective school establishment plans based on the analysis of the needs of the educational community. The research questions for this study include, first, what is the change trend in the number of students as a result of the opening of schools in the development area of Sejong City to the present, and what differences are there between Sejong and other new cities? Second, what challenges arise in school location due to the occurrence of oversized schools and undergraduate institutions? Third, what challenges arise in school location that would limit the ability to create a safe school environment? Fourth, what aspects need to be improved in school location decisions to promote proper placement? A survey was conducted among parents and faculty members to collect data. The findings revealed that first, when establishing a school, identifying an appropriate location for the school was the top priority of the respondents. The second was the proximity of the school to dense housing, with a parent drop zone next to the school site. Third, to address the issue of lack of playgrounds and special class and care classes, respondents called for various measures such as securing school sites within a certain area. Finally, integrated operation schools and school facilities are required in preparation for decreasing school-age populations due to low birth rates.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.378-385
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• 2024

Background: Intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy (IPFT) has been used as an effective agent since 1949 for managing complicated pleural effusion and empyema. Several agents, such as streptokinase, urokinase (UK), and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), have been found to be effective with variable effectiveness. However, a head-tohead controlled trial comparing the efficacy of the most frequently used agents, i.e., UK and rt-PA (alteplase) for managing complicated pleural effusion has rarely been reported. Methods: A total of 50 patients were randomized in two intervention groups, i.e., UK and rt-PA. The dose of rt-PA was 10 mg, and that of UK was 1.0 lac units. UK was given thrice daily for 2 days, followed by clamping to allow the retainment of drugs in the pleural space for 2 hours. rt-PA was instilled into the pleural space twice daily for 2 days, and intercostal drainage was clamped for 1 hour. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled into the study, of which 84% (n=42) were males and 16% (n=8) were females. Among them, 30 (60%) patients received UK, and 20 (40%) patients received alteplase as IPFT agents. The percentage of mean±standard deviation changes in pleural opacity was -33.0%±9.9% in the UK group and -41.0%±14.9% in the alteplase group, respectively (p=0.014). Pain was the most common adverse side effect, occurring in 60% (n=18) of the patients in the UK group and in 40% (n=8) of the patients in the alteplase group (p=0.24), while fever was the second most common side effect. Patients who reported early (within 6 weeks of onset of symptoms) showed a greater response than those who reported late for the intervention. Conclusion: IPFT is a safe and effective option for managing complicated pleural effusion or empyema, and newer agents, such as alteplase, have greater efficacy and a similar adverse effect profile when compared with conventional agents, such as UK.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.3-21
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• 2024

A safe residential environment enhances the quality of human life and promotes community development through self-actualization. It significantly affects regional stability by influencing the physical and psychological environment necessary to satisfy basic needs, providing a sense of security and alleviating anxiety. Safety is a major housing need; however, current housing policies tend to focus predominantly on housing supply. This emphasis limits the fulfillment of higher-level needs due to poor housing conditions and housing cost burdens faced by young households. Therefore, this study aims to identify areas affected by the stigma effect by analyzing the discrepancy between perceived crime risk and actual crime occurrence among single-person young households. The study compares these stigmatized areas with regions where the perceived crime risk is lower than the actual crime occurrence to identify differences in housing needs satisfaction and to prioritize policy interventions. Additionally, the study examines differences in housing needs satisfaction and importance based on gender to inform policy priorities. By considering the stigma effect on regional housing needs and gender-specific deficiencies, this study provides significant policy implications.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

This paper is shown the new method using LED Light, which the light environment is upgraded the natural LED light in the area of Disaster Prevention and Safety Management (PDSD), which the events of deaths is reduced on the Suicide, the Infectious diseases, the safety accidents, the Traffic Accident, the crime, the fire, the Nature Disaster, and which the health and the environment and the safety is implemented using the value of the color LED Light. Research findings include,during 3 weeks in the November 2016, in the ten residents (average living 28.7 years, age 67.5 years) with depressive symptoms in the northern part of Seoul, according to the request of the user, the PDSD natural light LED lighting was installed in the home bedroom or the living room, expectations for the ability to restore physical and mental stability were high (88%), in the same way, after 1 week and 3 weeks, the physical and mental changes were compared and the results,84% in the first week and 90% in the third week and thereafter, the effect of relieving depression was high. We conclude that patients with depression have a good sleep, an uneasy feeling, a sense of security, a good night's sleep, and a good feeling. The PDSD LED Light is expected to contribute in the various areas, which reduced the suicides, which give increased immunity from infectious diseases, which give a crash to reduce accidents caused by negligence, which improve the safe operation of heavy vehicles in which a traffics accident incidence installed on the highest point, which improve the safety function on the 'safety way home' for the safety of the community, which due to fire gives alleviate the emotional anxiety of firefighters, which improve the environment for long-term control room working during decision making caused by natural disasters.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.173-193
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• 1996

This study was carried out to elucidate the causes of farmer's disease and greenhouse disease in the rural area of Kyungnam province during 1996. 2,171 (69.1%) of the 3,140 adults above 20 years old who had lived in the selected 20 villages in Uiryong County of Kyungnam Province were selected in order to over both residents who live in the green house distracts and conventional rural area. The results were as follows: 1. Among the subjects, the male was 42.2% and female was 57.6%. The average age for the male was 52.3, 55.6 for the female. 2. The proportion of the farmers in the subjects was 81.5%. Among these 78.0% were engaged in the greenhouse farming. 3. Among the eight symptoms of Nofusho(japanese farmer's comples), lumbago was the most frequently complained and followed by shoulder stiffness and parenthesis of hand or foot. 4. The total score of farmer's disease was evidently higher in the female and the older the score was clearly bigger. 5. The prevalence of Nofusho(Japanese farmer's comples)was 26.8% and 43.15% was for the suspected Nofusho. In the male, the prevalence of Nofusho was 13.6% and 40.9% for the suspected Nofusho and in the female 36.5% and 44.7% were shown, comparatively. 6. According to the multiple classification analysis, sex, age, and occupation were selected as significant variables to explain the total score of Nofusho. 7. The correlations between the total score of Nofusho and the number of sick day, working years, and age were significant, comparatively. 8. According to the multiple classification analysis corolling interaction between independent variables, age was the only variable which was significant in the male and age, pesticide work in the female. 9. The score of greenhouse disease was highest in the group who engaged in greenhouse farming and conventional farming(2.76 for male, 3.77 for female) followed by the group who engaged only in greening house farming(2.66 for male, 3.49 for female) and by the group who engaged only in conventional farming(2.27 for male, 3.05 for female) 10. According to the multiple classification analysis with the total score of greenhouse disease as dependent variable, corolling interaction between independent variables, age and pesticide work were revealed as significant variables in the male, while, pesticide work and farming type were significant in the female. According to the above results, the following could be suggested. Because lumbago, shoulder stiffness, paresthesia of hand and foot were the most frequently complained symptoms in the respondent, the development of farming tool to reduce the body burden and periodical physical exercise and rest is highly recommended. It is revealed that both in the farmer' disease and greenhouse disease the score was higher in the female than in the male. So the reasonables measures is recommended to reduce the working hours of the female. Pesticide work was revealed as the significant variable in the female in farmer's disease and both in the male and the female in greenhouse disease. So the development of the safe method of pesticide spraying including safety education should be introduced. Particularly the female should be excluded in pesticide spraying.