• Asian Spine Journal
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1037-1042
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• 2018

Study Design: Retrospective study. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether segmental lumbar hyperlordosis of the affected vertebra in patients with spondylolysis occurs only at L5 or also occurs at L4. Overview of Literature: To the best of our knowledge, increase in segmental lordosis of the spondylolytic vertebrae has only been investigated in bilateral L5 spondylolysis; it has not been examined at different levels of bilateral spondylolysis. According to the characteristics of segmental lordosis in bilateral L5 spondylolysis, patients with bilateral L4 spondylolysis may also have increased segmental lordosis of the L4 vertebra. Methods: Patients with bilateral spondylolysis of the L5 or L4 vertebra in 2013-2015 were retrospectively identified from the hospital database. Standing lateral lumbar radiographs were assessed for the angle of segmental lordosis of the L5 and L4 vertebra, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis. The differences in segmental lordosis of the L5 and L4 vertebra, sacral slope, and lumbar lordosis were determined using non-paired Student t-test. Results: Overall, 15 cases of bilateral L4 spondylolysis and 41 cases of bilateral L5 spondylolysis satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Lordosis of the L4 vertebra was significantly greater in the bilateral L4 spondylolysis group ($24.2^{\circ}{\pm}7.0^{\circ}$) than that in the L5 spondylolysis group ($20.3^{\circ}{\pm}6.1^{\circ}$, p=0.047). Lordosis of the L5 vertebra was significantly lower in the L4 spondylolysis group ($27.7^{\circ}{\pm}8.2^{\circ}$) than that in the L5 spondylolysis group ($32.5^{\circ}{\pm}7.3^{\circ}$, p=0.040). The sacral slope and lumbar lordosis did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusions: Adolescent patients with bilateral spondylolysis have segmental hyperlordosis of the affected vertebra not only at the L5 level but also at the L4 level.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.397-404
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of hamstring muscle relaxation and craniosacral reciprocal movement by using S. O. T. (sacrooccipital technique) categoryⅠ block-intervention process. 26 subjects with heel tension were randomly divided into two groups (EXP=13 and CON=13). This study carried out the category I block-intervention process on the experimental group and the false block-intervention process on the control group. Then, this study measured the sit-and-reach and sacral reciprocal movement of subjects before and after the intervention. The result values before and after the intervention were analyzed through ANCOVA by using SPSS PC Program (Ver. 20.0). In both investigations, the degree of hamstring muscle relaxation and the change of sacral reciprocal movement, there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group as [F(1, 23)=7.73, p<0.5] and [F(1, 23)=7.07, p<.05] respectively. According to the results of this study, it is expected that S. O. T category I bllock-intervention technique will have positive effect on both hamstring muscle relaxation and craniosacral reciprocal movement.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.586-589
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• 2016

A pressure sore wound is often extensive or complicated by local infection involving adjacent soft tissue and bone. In this case, a regional flap after simple debridement is not adequate. Here, we present a case of an extensive pressure sore in the sacral area with deep tissue infection. A 43-year-old female patient with a complicated sore with deep tissue infection had a presacral abscess, an iliopsoas abscess, and an epidural abscess in the lumbar spine. After a multidisciplinary approach performed in stages, the infection had subsided and removal of the devitalized tissue was possible. The large soft tissue defect with significant depth was reconstructed with a free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, which was expected to act as a local barrier from vertical infection and provide tensionless skin coverage upon hip flexion. The extensive sacral sore was treated effectively without complication, and the deep tissue infection completely resolved. There was no evidence of donor site morbidity, and wheelchair ambulation was possible by a month after surgery.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

The tethered cord syndrome is characterized by sensory and motor disturbances of the lower extremities and incontinence. We report a 12-year-old boy with sacral lipoma and a tethered cord syndrome, whose chief complaint is enuresis. This complication of tethered cord syndrome was most likely due to a renal failure and hydronephrosis secondary to a neurogenic bladder. Thus, the spinal lesions have to be considered in patients with enuresis.(J Korean Soc Pediatr Nephrol 2002 ;6 : 109-13)

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the Correlation between Pelvic angle and the Tibiofemoral angle in the Genu varum. Method : Age of All subjects were 20-37 years. 33(male 10, female 23) subjects were assessed by whole spine x-ray and orthogram. The collected data consisted of items on general characteristics, Pelvic Incidence(PI), Pelvic Tilt(PT), Sacral Slope(SS) and Tibiofemoral Angle(TFA) of the subjects. Results : The PI, PT and TFA had a relationship significantly. However, there was no relationship between SS and TFA. Conclusion : The results suggest that TFA is related to PI, PT. Internal rotation due to genu varum of femoral at hip influence that PI and PT increase.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.350-354
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• 2013

To present a rare case of a cystic giant schwannoma of the sacrum mimicking aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). A 54-year-old man visited our institute complaining left leg weakness and sensory change for several years. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large multilocular cystic mass with canal invasion and bone erosion confined to left S1 body. The lesion showed multiple septal enhancement without definite solid component. Initially the tumor was considered as ABC. The patient underwent grossly-total tumor resection with lumbosacral reconstruction via posterior approach. The tumor was proved to be a cystic schwannoma. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was relieved from preoperative symptoms. We present a rare case of pure cystic giant schwannoma confined to sacrum mimicking ABC. The surgical treatment is challenging due to the complex anatomy of the sacrum. Schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic sacral cysts.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.389-391
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• 2016

A 10-month-old, intact female Shih-tzu dog with a pelvic limb ataxic gait, and urinary and fecal incontinence since birth, was examined by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The butterfly hemivertebra of the fourth lumbar vertebra, agenesis of the third sacral and coccygeal vertebrae, and spina bifida of the remaining sacral vertebra were observed on the computed tomography images. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed traction of the conus medullaris. The dog was diagnosed with sacrocaudal dysgenesis with presumptive tethered cord syndrome, and concurrent infectious cystitis was found by ultrasonography and urinary analysis. The Shih-tzu recovered from the cystitis, but still has the ataxic gait and urinary and fecal incontinence. This report summarizes the case of a dog with sacrocaudal dysgenesis that was identified by imaging diagnosis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.270-273
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• 1997

Caudal epiduroscopy has been introduced as an alternative technique for direct injection of epidural steroid and lysis of adhesion. Futher, it gives a better understanding of the role of epidural adhesion in recurrence of sciatica and low back disorder after surgery. We experienced a clinical application of flexible fiberoptic epiduroscope inserted through the sacral canal. A 37-year-old woman was suffering from right lumbar radiculopathy after an operation for a herniated disc. A series of volumetric caudal steroid injections and physical therapy had little effect on her symptoms. Patient was thought to be a good candidate for epiduroscopy. Flexible flberoptic epiduroscopy was as follows: 60 ml of normal saline irrigation and epidurogram, 40 mg of triamcinolone in 10m1 of normal saline was directed around right L5 nerve root. The following morning, patient reported reduced pain in her leg.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.74-79
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• 1988

Caudal narcotic analgesia was assesses after the injection of 3mg morphine diluted in 30ml (physiologic) saline into the sacral canal in 15 Patients after upper abdominal surgery, in 20 patients after lower abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, and in 20 patients after perianal surgery under caudal block. Pain relief was evaluated by the subsequent need for systemic analgesics. All eases had considerable relief from pain an4 the morphine was effective for 12 or more hours. There were no significant differances between pain relief of the upper abdominal and lower abdominal surgery group, upper abdominal and perianal surgery group, and lower abdominal and perianal surgery group (p>0.05, p>0.05, p>0.05). It is suggested that the morphine, which was administered into the sacral, cannal, reached the subarachnoid space and produced it's effect by direct action on the specific opiate receptors in the substantia gelatinosa of th.8 posterior horn cell of the spinal cord. Consequently, whether analgesia from epidural narcotics appears to be segmental in distribution or not is still in controversy.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers D
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.378-385
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• 2006

In this study, a method measuring signal propagation direction in human body was developed by using passive electrical properties of the body. The measured method of the signal propagation direction is to apply basic characteristic of electricity to the human body; when a voltage is set to a conducted medium, according to the polarity of the conducted voltage, the voltage rising or drop is generated. And using this concept, it is able to estimate the direction of electrical signal on the human body. The passive electrical properties were measured and the direction of signal propagation was estimated on the followings; between the flexor carpi radialis, between arms, between legs, between an arm and a leg, between the cervical vertebra and the upper limb, between the sacral vertebra and the leg, between the cervical vertebra and the tendon of triceps brachii, and between the sacral vertebra and the calcaneal tendon. As the result of experiments, the passive electrical properties were increased from l[Hz] to 50[kHz] of the inputted frequencies and showed at saturating tendency after that. And also, the estimated signal propagation directions using the developed method in this study agreed with the expected directions exactly at each part of the human body.