• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.73-75
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• 2019

Members of this family Sciomyzidae are known as marsh flies and snail-killing flies because most of the known larvae are obligate predators of Mollusca, especially freshwater and terrestrial Gastropoda. Most species are found in the shallow ephemeral aquatic habitats with rich organic substrates, such as the hard-water streams, small ponds and lakes in mountain valleys. To date, a total of 8 marsh fly species in 4 genera have been known in Korea. During a taxonomic survey of the family Sciomyzidae in Korea, the authors have found the genus Ditaeniella Sack, 1939; thus, it was discovered for the first time in Korea. This genus can be distinguished by the other related taxa with hairs over much of the mesopleuri, hairs on the prosternum and one orbital seta. In addition, the nominate species, Ditaeniella grisescens Meigen, 1830 was also firstly recoded in the Korean fauna.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2014

Gonadal development and maturation mechanism were studied on the freshwater marsh clam Corbicula papyracea (Heude), which is the endangered species in Korea. The specimens were collected in the rearing ponds and waterway of NFRDI in Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do from January to December 2004, and then investigated by condition factor, relative growth, gonadal development phases and gonad histological characters based on 30-50 individuals every month. Comparing with the freshwater marsh clam, C. papyracea is small, light olive brown shell and violet interior. The hermaphrodite individuals of C. papyracea take an internal fertilization and fertilized eggs are stored in the foster-sack in the gills, then the hatched juveniles are released outside after an ovoviviparous process. The average water temperature of inhabit area was in range of $1.8-27.0^{\circ}C$ and usually took great effects on the gonad maturation of C. papyracea. The condition factor ranged from 0.14 to 0.21 throughout the year, which was the lowest during winter season (December-February), and gradually increased to the highest value of 0.21 in May. The ratio of meat weight to total weight was 25.9-38.7%, indicating the similar trend with condition factor. The highest values of condition factor and the ratio of meat weight appeared 1-2 months later than gonadosomatic index reached the peak value, it was probably because that the ovoviviparous eggs would spend a long period before hatching from the foster-sack in the gills. To synthesize the characters of meat weight, condition factor and gonad development by histological study, reproductive cycle of C. papyracea could be divided into five successive stages: multiplicative stage (December to February), growing stage (February to May), mature stage (June to August), spawning stage (August to November), recovery stage (November to December). The smallest shell length of matured C. papyracea was 12.6 mm, and individuals, larger than 16 mm, was formed the nursery in the gills.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.670-676
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• 2016

In this study, we analyzed the utensils, covers and mats that were used for making meju, the shape of meju, and the heating method used for making meju from the 225 ways of preparing jang mentioned in the 32 volumes of the ancient cook books from 530 AD to 1950. The heating method of traditional meju bean and starch included 57 kinds of steaming, 59 of boiling, 21 of roasting + boiling, and 2 of cooking. The shape of meju included 41 kinds of egg, 27 of ball, 22 of lump, a kind of doughnut, 8 kinds of hilt, 6 of flat, 4 of chip, and a kind of square. Among the 72 gochoojang meju, the heating method of bean included 9 kinds of boiling, and 6 kinds of steaming; whereas the heating method of starch included 19 kinds of steaming of dough, 11 of rice cooking, and 5 of boiling of dough. The utensils for molding of bean meju were 49 kinds of straw sack, 14 of round straw container, 11 of heating bed, 7 of large straw bowl or Japanese-snailseed, 5 of jar, 4 of ditch, 3 of straw bowls, 2 of pottery steamer of dough, 2 of gourd, and a kind of long round bamboo bowl and sack of straw. The cover and the mat used for molding of meju included 36 kinds of straw, 17 kinds of paper mulberry leaf, 15 of wide straw seat, 14 of mugwort, 11 of pine tree leaf, 10 of soybean leaf, 6 of cocklebur leaf, 6 of sumac leaf, 6 of barley straw, 6 of mulberry leaf, 5 of fallen leaf, 5 of cogon grass, 4 of reed seat, 3 of scrap of cloth, 2 of Indian bean tree leaf, a kind of reed. There were only 5 kinds of hanging.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-151
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of different types of nutrient solutions and culture media on the growth and quality of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) and tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). The results are summarized as follows : 1. The growth and yield of cucumber and tomato were best in rockwool culture with Cooper solution. 2. In sand-sack culture, growth and yield of cucumber and tomato were higher with compound fertillzer solution. 3. Growth and yield of cucumber and tomato were more effective in rockwool culture than in soil culture in early growth stages, and vice versa in later growth stages. 4. Vitamin C contents of cucumber and tomato showed no differences between soil cultures and hydroponics, except rockwool culture with compound fertilizer solution. 5. The dry weight, total-N, and mineral content of cucumber and tomato showed no differences among all types of hydroponics.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.309-325
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• 2014

Geotextile tubes are basically a huge sack filled with sand or dredged soil. Geotextile tubes are made of permeable woven or non-woven synthetic fibers (i.e., polyester or PET and polypropylene or PP). The geotextile tubes' performances in strength, dewatering, retaining solid particles and stacked stability have been studied extensively in the past. However, only little research has been done in the observation of the deformation behavior of geotextile tubes. In this paper, a large-scale apparatus for geotextile tube experiment is introduced. The apparatus is equipped with a slurry mixing station, pumping and delivery station, an observation station and a data station. For this study the large-scale apparatus was utilized in the studies regarding the stresses on the geotextile and the deformation behavior of the geotextile tube. Model tests were conducted using a custom-made woven geotextile tubes. Load cells placed at the inner belly of the geotextile tube to monitor the total soil pressure. Strain gauges were also placed on the outer skin of the tube to measure the geotextile strain. The pressure and strain sensors are attached to a data logger that sends the collected data to a desktop computer. The experiment results showed that the maximum geotextile strain occurs at the sides of the tube and the soil pressure distribution varies at each geotextile tube section.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.918-927
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• 2012

This study identified the aesthetic characteristics of the face description in late Joseon Dynasty beauty paintings. A total of 24 beauty paintings were selected as representative of the late Joseon Dynasty genre of painting works. The paintings were analyzed by the shape, color, and physiognomy of beauty trends from the components of women's faces expressed in the works of artists. The results of this study showed that the shape of the face components expressed a round, curved and thin line. Colors were expressed through Obang-sack (a traditional Korean color). Also the physiognomy of the late Joseon Dynasty's women was soft, wise, economical and brilliant. A round-forehead meant that economical and virtuous housekeeper, thin crescent shaped eyebrows denoted women of wisdom and excellent sensitivity. Single long thin eyelids and implied a women of longevity. A round curved nose were eager tobe a wise mother and a good wife. Small concave lips were desired eagerly by gentle and intelligent women. A curve face implied a subjective women of insight and good memory. In conclusion, the late Joseon Dynasty beauty paintings expressed a traditional Korean beauty face and a modern baby face. The data are useful for the aesthetic standards of modern through meaning of Korean traditional beauty.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.50-58
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• 2005

It is generally known that paper industry is the second largest industry in the use of process water, and also have the highest environmental impact load in the contaminant sources. Paper is produced from the mixtures composed of 1% fibrous raw materials and 99% water. The optimum use of process water effects on the quality properties of paper and the environmental impact load of waste water treatment. In this research, the kinds of fibrous raw material & additives used in the paperboard production line were investigated, and the quantification of environmental loads and the environmental effects of process water on COD potential were evaluated. The NBDCODs were also analyzed from process water by the method of waste water treatment in paper mill and applied for the optimum use of recycling water, and zero effluent process. In the fibrous raw materials, KOCC caused the highest COD potentials, and sack paper & UKP was comparatively low. The NBDCOD of KOCC largely reduced after biological treatment because of easily biodegradable properties, but AOCC contained non-biodegradable materials. In chemical additives, COD was high in turns of rosin>starch>deaeration agent>dye, NBDCOD greatly reduced in starch and deaeration agent. In the case of 2 kinds of paperboard product, the COD potentials was mainly high in starch, AOCC and KOCC.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.50-57
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• 2010

A mill trial was performed in a kraft paper mill in order to evaluate the possibility of utilizing dual polymer dry strength aids system consisting of cationic PVAm and anionic PAM. It was found that the cationic PVAm - anionic PAM dry strength additives can improve paper strength without significantly disturbing the stability of the kraft papermaking process when virgin UKP was used as a furnish. Tensile strength (25.3% in machine direction, 48.4% in cross machine direction), elongation of paper (31.6%, 15.6%) and tensile energy absorption (48%, 54%) were improved. Air permeability of the kraft paper was improved as well (22%). Tear strength was decreased with PVAm dry strength aids system, but it can be compensated with decreasing refining degree. In addition, the mill trial results indicate that highly air permeable kraft sack paper can be produced by the addition of PVAm dry strength agents at the stock with reduced freeness.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-29
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• 2007

In situ and laboratory tests were carried out for investigating the Excavation Disturbed Zone(EDZ) generated from blasting at the KAERI Underground Research Tunnel(KURT), which is for the researches related to High-level radioactive waste disposal program. It was found that the EDZ was generated more than In from the laboratory rock tests and in situ experiments. RQD of the rock mass within $0{\sim}2(m)$, where the blasting impact was significant, was 17% lower than in the deeper zones without a serious blasting impact. It was also estimated that the deformability of rock mass was reduced about 40% after the blasting.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.540-550
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• 2013

Various efforts have been explored to save the cost in many industrial fields. In order to recover the residual thermal energy from the flue gas, an extreme high efficiency heat exchanger is planning to install at a power plant. The gas temperature will be reduced to $40^{\circ}C$ from $115^{\circ}C$. Thus gas buoyancy decreases, and dispersion of nitrogen oxides is expected to deteriorate as increasing relative humidity. In this study, the conversion of nitrogen monoxide to nitrogen dioxide and dispersion regime are investigated through computational modeling. Nitrogen dioxide which indicates 0.1 ppm at 85 m from the ground could be propagated to 620 m at $115^{\circ}C$ of the flue gas, whilst when cooled down to $40^{\circ}C$, it expands up to 750 m. The ground level influence area showed more expansion of dispersion, approximately to 930 m.