• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

Objective : This study was done for reporting the effect of $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method to $Ryodoraku$ on the patients with chronic low back pain Methods : We investigated 49 cases of patients with chronic low back pain, and devided patients into two groups : We treated one group by needling with $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method, and did the other group by needling without $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method. And we analyzed the $Ryodoraku$ score (F4). Results : 1. In $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group and non-$Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group, compared with baseline, at final, $Ryodoraku$ score (F4) was significantly increased. 2. At final, $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group showed significant increase on $Ryodoraku$ score (F4) score compared with non-$Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method group. Conclusions : $Sa-Am$ acupuncture bladder reinforcing method showed significant improvement in $Ryodoraku$ score (F4) on chronic low back pain.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2009

The Sa-am acupuncture is the acupuncture method created during Chosun Dynasty. It is a unique acupuncture method that was created solely in Korea. Its theories are based on the 69th article of "Classic of Difficult Issues", or Nanjing (難經), which says "tonify its mother when deficiency occurs, and purgate its son when excess occurs" (虛則補其母, 實則瀉其子); the concept of "controlling the viscera which restrains the target" "抑其官" was added to this theory to form the principle of Sa-am acupuncture. It is significant that it turns to the basic principles of the Five Viscera and Six Bowels rather than the 體針 or 阿是針 of the existing acupuncure. Sa-am acupuncture was established in the middle of Chosun Dynasty and was popularized to the practitioners of Korean Medicine through transcripts and printed books. The medical books of at the time of Japanese imperialism that introduced Sa-am acupuncture are "經絡學總論", "舍岩鍼灸訣", "經濟要訣", "靑囊訣", "察病要訣", "濟世寶鑑", "經驗寢具編", and "舍岩 靑囊訣". The magazine that mentions the Sa-am acupuncture is "韓方醫藥". The books on Traditional Medicine that is related to Sa-am acupuncture were of great help in reconstruction of Sa-am acupuncture after the liberation of Korea and explaining the principle of Sa-am acupunture in various angles.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.82-107
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• 2021

Objectives: The Sa-am Acupuncture Method which is originated from 17^th century is one of Korean traditional acupuncture methods and most widely adopted techniques used by clinicians. This study aims to investigate research trend of Sa-am acupuncture on Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology. Methods: We searched for papers which had Sa-am acupuncture used in women's disease in Korean journals published from 1987 to March 2021. Results: 33 papers were found. 5 clinical studies and 28 case studies were categorized to women's disease groups described in Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology textbook. In most of the studies, Sa-am acupuncture was used with other treatments. In the case reports, each case was diagnosed individually and Sa-am acupuncture was used according to the diagnoses. The most frequently used Sa-am acupuncture method in women's diseases was Sojang jung-geuk. Conclusions: Sa-am acupuncture could be a good treatment for women's diseases. But evidence of relation between Sa-am acupuncture and the disease is insufficient, so more research will be needed.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was undertaken in order to establish the composite principles of fomulas through the of Sa-am acupuncture therapy and the theory of sovereign, minister, assistant and courier. Methods : We analyzed the formula construction of Sa-am acupuncture therapy, and applied the theory of sovereign, minister, assistant and courier that was referred to in the preface of "Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am" to the analysis of formula construction. Results & Conclusions : 1. Sa-am acupuncture therapy was acupuncture and moxibustion method that inherited and developed progress contents of Chinese traditional acupuncture and moxibustion. 2. The theory of sovereign, minister, assistant and courier was based on the idea that acupuncture and herbal medicine had the same origins. 3. Formula constructions of Sa-am acupuncture therapy were formed complicatedly, but reflected the theory of sovereign, minister, assistant and courier. 4. The supplementing acupuncture point that is Chunbu-point in other merdian became Sovereign, the draining acupuncture point that is Chunbu-point in other merdian became Minister, and the supplementing and draining acupuncture points in same merdian became Assistant and Courier that mean leading merdian points.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2021

Sa-am acupuncture originated in the Chosun Dynasty and is a distinct feature of Korean medicine. It has been used to treat various diseases and conditions in clinical practice however, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Sa-am acupuncture. We aimed to comprehensively review the clinical studies of Sa-am acupuncture retrieved from national and international databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and 3 Korean databases). There were 52 articles reviewed including 29 case studies, 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and 4 uncontrolled trials. Neurological disorders were the most frequently studied, and kidney tonification, and directional supplementation and draining were the most frequently used methods. Overall, the outcomes were generally positive however, there were many additional treatments together with Sa-am acupuncture reported in the case reports, and the quality of evidence was low in the RCTs. Future studies should report the detailed method of practicing Sa-am acupuncture treatment and focus on the specific effect of Sa-am acupuncture with rigorous design to scientifically support the clinical use of Sa-am acupuncture.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.259-265
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• 2004

Objective; This study was designed to investigate the effect of Sa-am acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract on Post-herpetic Neuralgia. Method: We have treated them with acupuncture treatment of Sa-am acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract and evaluated the effect by Pain Rating Score(P.R.S.) and Visual Analogue Scale(V.A.S.) scale. Result: Before theraphy, the grades of Song's scale were P.R.S. 80 and V.A.S. 100, Kim's sclae's P.R.S. 77 and V.A.S. 100. After theraphy, the grades of song's scale were P.R.S. 5 and V.A.S. 10, Kim's scales's P.R.S. 10 and V.A.S. 10 Conclusion: The treatment of Sa-am-acupuncture and Arctii Fructus water extract on Post-herpetic Neuralgia was effective and will be attempted to the patients with it.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.186-199
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• 2001

Objectives : Sa-am Acupucture(舍岩鍼法), Taeguk Acupucture(太極鍼法), and 8 Constitution-Acupuncture(八體質鍼法) are largely used acupuncture therapies which utilize Yin and Yang, The Five Elements, Interpromoting and Counteracting Relation(相生 相克 關係). We are here to compare and study each acupuncture methods in order to understand their fundamental principle and theory. Conclusion : 1. When prescribing Herb to patients, we can use the Differentiation of Syndromes method(辨證論治). As there is Constitutional Medicine prescription(四象醫學處方) using constitutional Large & Small Relation of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小 關係), in acupuncture treatment we can use the Differentiation of Syndromes method of Sa-am acupucture, applying constitutional Large & Small feature of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小) in Taeguk Acupucture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture we can derive a suitable prescriptions. 2. Taeguk Acupucture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture is an acupunture method created upon the constitutional theory. Taeguk Acupucture lacks a theory and has problems with its practical use. 8 Constitution-Acupuncture has a theory, thus it can give us the chance to make derived diverse prescriptions for each diseases. 3. Sa-am Acupucture uses exclusively Manual technique(手技法), breathing Posa method(呼吸補瀉法), YoungSu Posa method(迎隨補瀉法) and also retaining method(留鍼法). Taeguk Acupunctune is directed related with WonBang Posa method(圓方補瀉法), twirling method(撚鍼法) and uses retaining method. 8 Constitution-Acupuncture works only with YoungSu Posa method and also One-insertion method(單刺法). 4. If we apply The Five Elements of five Su points and Interpromoting and Counteracting Relation(相生 相克 關係), we can control discords between Jang and Bu organs. Sa-am Acupucture, Taeguk Acupture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture which use five Su points can make better results in Jang and Bu organs disease. 5. Sa-am Acupunture needs diverse applications of Organ picture theory(臟象論), Pathogenesis theory(病機學說) and an proper prescription studies by Differentiation of Syndromes(辨證). Taeguk Acupuncture and 8 Constitution Acupuncture has a organized prescription methods by constitutional Large & Small relation of Jang and Bu organs(臟腑大小), thus we need to focus on objectification in constitutional differentiation.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2010

Lee Jae Won is a scholar who wrote the most in Euirim, a representative Oriental Medical magazine after the liberation of Korea, on the Sa-am Acupuncture Method. In order to understand the principles of this method, he proposed rather distinctive theories called the Comparative Pulse Diagnosis and the Five Constitutions. Lee Jae Won distinguished the deficiency and exuberance of the Five Phases through the Comparative Pulse Diagnosis, and set harmonizing the Five Phases by tonifying the deficient and purging the exuberant as the object of the Sa-am Acupuncture Method. He took pulses from both the patient's hands and distinguished the deficiency and exuberance of the five viscera. Then, he balanced the Five Phases by tonifying the weakest viscus and purging the strongest viscus. Lee Jae Won argued that because the Five Constitutions are something that one has innately, people suffer from differnet diseases according to their constitutions. Therefore, he argued, when treating a patient, one should first decide the constitution of the patient and then treat the patient according to his/her deficiency or exuberance. From the late 50's to early 60's, Lee Jae Won wrote Acupuncture and Moxibustion According to Yin-Yang and the Five Phases, explaining the principles of the Sa-am Acupuncture Method and its applications. Seen from this, Lee Jae Won is a person from whom we can confirm the historical lineage of the Sa-am Acupuncture Method after the liberation of Korea.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.432-436
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• 2012

Among a number of factors related to the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment, prescriptions do important work. Traditional eastern doctors also placed emphasis on prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion, and a lot of experiences have been accumulated. The method forms prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture therapy pivots on five transport points. Studies show prescriptions are made on the basis of the theory of 'Wang Xiang Xiu Qiu Si'(旺相休囚死) used engendering and restraining of five phases, and it is considered the principle of transformed prescriptions through this theory. Because there is still no study analyzing prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture by existing principles, we report opinion about Combination principle of points in them. 1. We studied history of acupuncture and moxibustion, development and kinds of points' Combination principle. 2. Around Combination principles of points in Classic of Difficult Issues and Internal Classic, we analyzed and compared between Combination principles of points in Sa-am acupuncture therapy and them in Korea and overall acupuncture methods. 1. There were many Combination principles of acupunture point combination in Classic of Difficult Issues, Internal Classic and Korea acupuncture methods. For example, Point combination of the same meridian, Point combination of the different meridian, Exterior-Interior point combination, Point combination of the same name meridian, Point combination of the multiple meridian, Point combination of Adjacent and Distant points, Left-Right point combination, Anterior-Posterior point combination, Superior-Inferior point combination, Brook point and Stream point combination, Triple energizer point combination, Eight meeting point combination, Five transport point combination, Source-Connecting point combination, Alram point and Transport point combination, Mother-Sun meridian combination, Empirical point combination, Important point combination, Point combination according to syndrome. 2. Existing Combination principles of points in prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture therapy included every rule. 3. They could be evidences that prescriptions of Sa-am acupuncture therapy are forms inheriting and developing acupuncture and moxibustion treatments.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.53-66
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• 2009

Objective : Acupuncture has been widely used throughout the world for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (knee OA). This study investigated whether acupuncture, particularly Sa-am acupuncture, could be effective in relieving pain and improving the symptoms of knee OA. Method : This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, controlled, and patient- and investigator-blinded clinical trial. Forty volunteers with knee OA participated in the study. All participants were screened through an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirty four participants completed the clinical trial. In total, forty subjects were randomly selected to receive Sa-am acupuncture. Eight sessions of acupuncture were given at the contralateral side of the problematic knee for 4 weeks. Korean translation of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (KWOMAC) scores were measured twice: at the beginning and end of the clinical trial period. Both the Patient Global Assessment and physical health scores based on the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey were also used to measure the results. Results : Compared to the pre-trial scores, the Sa-am acupuncture group (n=34) showed a significant decrease in KWOMAC total scores according to a paired t-test. The Sa-am acupuncture group also showed significant improvement in the Patient Global Assessment when compared to the pre-trial. Conclusions : Sa-am acupuncture for knee OA resulted in an improved KWOMAC total score. This was mostly driven by the function component score that was greatly affected by acupuncture. However, further studies with expanded designs are needed to solidify this finding with scientific rigor.