• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.15-35
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• 2017

The method of weighted sum of evaluation using AHP is widely used in feasibility analysis and alternative selection. Final scores are given in forms of weighted sums and the alternative with largest score is selected. With two alternatives, as in feasibility analysis, the final score greater than 0.5 gives the selection but there remains a question that how large is large enough. KDI suggested a concept of 'grey area' where scores are between 0.45 and 0.55 in which decisions are to be made with caution, but it lacks theoretical background. Statistical testing was introduced to answer the question in some studies. It was assumed some kinds of probability distribution, but did not give the validity on them. We examine the various cases of weighted sum of evaluation score and show why the statistical testing has to be introduced. We suggest a non-parametric testing procedure which does not assume a specific distribution. A case study is conducted to analyze the validity of our suggested testing procedure. We conclude our study with remarks on the implication of analysis and the future way of research development.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.125-162
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• 2007

The Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Aircraft Equipment were adopted on 16 November 2001 at a diplomatic conference held in Cape Town under the joint auspices of UNIDROIT and ICAO. The entry into force of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol have occurred on 1 March 2006. The Cape Town Convention and Protocol provides an international legal regime for the creation, perfection and priority of security, title retention and leasing interests in aircraft equipment, which will be underpinned by an international registry. The purpose of this paper is to explain the objectives and principles of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, to review the provisions relating to the international interests in aircraft equipment and international registry for their protection under the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, and to discuss the Issues on Korea's accession to the Cape Town Convention and Protocol. As the anticipated results of this paper, it will contribute to facilitate the financing of the acquisition and use of aircraft equipment of high value or particular economic significance in an efficient manner, and to save very large sums of money annually in financing charges, also the international interests in aircraft equipment will be recognized and protected universally.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2008

The member deflection is one of the most important considerations for the serviceability evaluation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, and the concept of the effective moment of inertia has been generally used for its estimation. However, the actual service load applied on an existing RC beam may not be easily obtained, for which the estimation of beam deflection by existing methods can be difficult work. Therefore, based on the close relationships between cracks and deflection in a RC beam, this study proposed a method to estimate the deflection of RC beams directly from the condition of cracks not using the actual loads acting on the member as its input data. The proposed method extensively utilized the relationships among sums of crack widths, average strains, and curvatures, and modification factors obtained from regression analysis were also introduced to improve its accuracy. The deflections of members were successfully estimated by the proposed method independent from applied loads, which was also easy to apply compared to the existing methods based on the effective moment of inertia. This new method, however, has limitations in its applicability in that it is less accurate than the existing methods because the magnitude of acting load is not involved in the estimation process of member deflection, and that it requires the measurement of crack widths along the whole length of a member.

• ALGAE
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2002

Influences of vrious environmental factors on the eutrophication of Nakdong River were analyzed statistically using water samples collected from 1 January, 1999, to 30 September, 2001 at Namji area. The relationships between the concentration of chlorophyll α (eutrophication index) and environmental factors and were analyzed to develop a statistical model which can predict the status of eutrophication. The concentation of chlorophyll α ranged from 66.2 mg · $m^{-3}$ to 70.8 mg · $m^{-3}$ during dry winter season and the average concentration during this study period was 35.5 mg · $m^{-3}$ Namji area of Nakdong River was in the hypereutrohic stage in terms of water quality. Stephanodiscus sp. and Aulacoseria granulata var. angustissima were dominant species during the witnter to spring time and summer to autumn period, respectively. Based on the correlation analysis and the analysis of variance between chlorophyll α concentration and environmental factors, significantly high positive relationships were found in the order of BOD> pH> COD > KMnO₄ consumption > DO > conductivity > alkalinity. In contrast to these factors, significantly negrative relationships were found as in the order of $PO₄^{3-}-P$ >water level>the rate of Namgang-dam discharge > NH₃-N> the rate of Andong-dam discharge> the rate of Hapchoen-dam discharge. Based on the factors analysis of environmental factors on the concentration of chlorophyll α, we obtained five factors as follows. The first factor included water level, pH, turbiditiy, conductivity, alkalinity and the rate of Namgang-dam discharge. The second factor included water temperature DO, NH₄+-N, NO₃- -N. The third factor included KMnO₄ consumption COD and BOD. The fourth factor included the rate of Andong-dam discharge, the rate of Hapcheon-dam discharge, and the rate of Imha-dam discharge. The final factor included T-N T-P and $PO₄^{3-}-P$ > concentration. We derived two statistica models that can predict the occurrence of eutrophication based on the factors by factor analysis, using regression analysis. The first model is the stepwise regression model whose independent variables are the factors produced by factor analysis : chl α (mg · $m^{-3}$ = 42.923+(18.637 factor 3) + (-17.147 factor 1) + (-12.095 factor 5) + (-4.828 factor 4). The second model is the alternative stepwise regression model whose independent variables are the sums of the standardized main component variables:chl α (mg · $m^{-3}$ = 37.295+(7.326 Zfactor 3) + (-2.704 Zfactor 1)+(-2.341 Zfactor 5).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1211-1216
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• 2002

To evaluate whole-body vibration(WBV) exposure and fatigue-decreased proficiency(FDP) boundary in passenger car driver, several roads in Busan were divided into 3 types by the condition of road surface; Road 1 was partially damaged, Road 2 was normal without damage, and Road 3 was better than Road 2. The results were following: The highest passenger driver's exposures to whole-body vibration acceleration and fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary at 40km/h were 0.108m/s² and about 2099 minutes in Road 2 for xh axis, 0.134m/s² and about 1585 minutes in Road 2 for yh axis, and 0.183m/s² and about 1053 minutes in Road 2 for zh axis, respectively. The highest passenger driver's exposures to whole-body vibration acceleration and fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary at 80km/h were 0.219m/s² and about 830 minutes in Road 3 xh axis, 0.203m/s² and about 918 minutes in Road 3 for yh axis, and 0.622m/s² and about 195 minutes in Road 1 for zh axis, respectively. The highest vector sums of whole-body vibration exposure at 40km/h and 804km/h were 0.328m/s² in Road 2 and 0.730m/s² in Road 1, respectively. The highest crest factors at 40km/h were 4.25 in Road 1 for xh, 4.51 in Road 3 for yh, and 5.81 in Road 2 for zh, respectively. The highest crest factors at 80km/h were 5.57 in Road 1 for xh, 5.60 in Road 2 for yh, and 6.46 in Road 3 for zh, respectively. The highest transmissibilities of whole-body vibration from floor to seat at 40km/h and 80km/h were 0.89 in Road 3 and 0.82 in Road 3 for xh axis, 0.83 in Road 3 and 0.87 in Road 1 and 2 for yh, and 0.80 in Road 2 and 0.92 in Road 1 tor zh axis, respectively. The highest fatigue-decreased proficiency boundaries for whole-body vibration exposure of passenger car driver in floor and seat were 457 minutes in Road 3 and 583 minutes in Road 3 at 40km/h and 159 minutes in Road 2 and 251 minutes in Road 2 at 80km/h, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• no.spc
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• pp.105-135
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• 2007

The Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment and the Protocol to the Convention on International Interests in Mobile Equipment on Matters specific to Aircraft Equipment were adopted on 16 November 2001 at a diplomatic conference held in Cape Town under the joint auspices of UNIDROIT and ICAO. The entry into force of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol have occurred on 1 March 2006. The Cape Town Convention and Protocol provides an international legal regime for the creation, perfection and priority of security, title retention and leasing interests in aircraft equipment, which will be underpinned by an international registry. The purpose of this paper is to explain the objectives and principles of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, to review the provisions relating to the international interests in aircraft equipment and international registry for their protection under the Cape Town Convention and Protocol, and to discuss the Issues on Korea's accession to the Cape Town Convention and Protocol. As the anticipated results of this paper, it will contribute to facilitate the financing of the acquisition and use of aircraft equipment of high value or particular economic significance in an efficient manner, and to save very large sums of money annually in financing charges, also the international interests in aircraft equipment will be recognized and protected universally.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.320-327
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• 2017

Objective: The objective of this research was to estimate genetic correlations between number of piglets born alive in the first parity (NBA1), litter birth weight in the first parity (LTBW1), number of piglets weaned in the first parity (NPW1), litter weaning weight in the first parity (LTWW1), number of piglets born alive from second to last parity (NBA2+), litter birth weight from second to last parity (LTBW2+), number of piglets weaned from second to last parity (NPW2+) and litter weaning weight from second to last parity (LTWW2+), and to identify the percentages of animals (the top 10%, 25%, and 50%) for first parity and sums of second and later parity traits. Methods: The 9,830 records consisted of 2,124 Landrace (L), 724 Yorkshire (Y), 2,650 LY, and 4,332 YL that had their first farrowing between July 1989 and December 2013. The 8-trait animal model included the fixed effects of first farrowing year-season, additive genetic group, heterosis of the sow and the litter, age at first farrowing, and days to weaning (NPW1, LTWW1, NPW2+, and LTWW2+). Random effects were animal and residual. Results: Heritability estimates ranged from $0.08{\pm}0.02$ (NBA1 and NPW1) to $0.29{\pm}0.02$ (NPW2+). Genetic correlations between reproduction traits in the first parity and from second to last parity ranged from $0.17{\pm}0.08$ (LTBW1 and LTBW2+) to $0.67{\pm}0.06$ (LTWW1 and LTWW2+). Phenotypic correlations between reproduction traits in the first parity and from second to last parity were close to zero. Rank correlations between LTWW1 and LTWW2+ estimated breeding value tended to be higher than for other pairs of traits across all replacement percentages. Conclusion: These rank correlations indicated that selecting boars and sows using genetic predictions for first parity reproduction traits would help improve reproduction traits in the second and later parities as well as lifetime productivity in this swine population.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.329-338
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• 2017

This study was investigated the changes of quality stability and physicochemical characteristics of the Korean red ginsengs stored for a long times over 20 years. The Korean red ginsengs were stored for 4 to 22 years in canned packaging with polypropylene film and wooden box at room temperatures. The unusal phenomena such as discoloration and pin hole in packaging were not observed. General bacteria showed the vlaues of below 100 CFU/g, coliform groups and molds were not found in any samples stored for 22 year. Any samples also were not detected in mycotoxins. The contents of moisture, ash and crude saponin were the levels of 10.6~11.1%, 3.8~4.2% and 4.1~4.7% during the whole storage periods, respectively. The contents of maltol, which has been known as characteristic flavour and antioxidant of Korean red ginseng, showed remarkably increasing tendency from 0.10 mg/g for 4 years to 2.53 mg/g for 22 years during the storage. The contents of AFG (arginyl-fructosyl-glucose), arginine and free sugar were slightly decreased. Acidic polysaccharide and ginsenoside were not changed significantly during the storage periods. The contents of acidic polysaccharide and total ginsenosides were the 75.1~76.3 mg/g and 15.1~16.6 mg/g, respectively. The sums of ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rb1 and -Rg3s were the ranges of 9.3~9.9 mg/g and PD (ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2,-Rc,-Rd,-Rg3s,-Rg3r)/PT (ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rg2,-Re,-Rf,-Rh1) saponin ratios were the levels of 1.4~1.5. These results suggest that Korean red ginsengs stored for long periods show relatively stable quaility stabilities and not significantly changed the contents of ginsenoside and polysaccharide during the storage up to 22 years.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.937-957
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to discover the features of symbol sense. This study tries to sum up the meaning and elements of symbol sense and the measures to improve them through documents. Also based on this, it analyzes the learning conditions about symbol sense for 6th grade mathematically able students and suggests the method that activates symbol sense in the math of elementary schools. Considering various studies on symbol sense, symbol sense means the exact knowledge and essential understanding in a comprehensive way. Symbol sense is an intuition about symbols that grasps the meaning of symbols, understands the situation of question, and realizes the usefulness of symbols in resolving a process. Considering all other scholars' opinions, this study sums up 5 elements of the symbol sense. (The recognition of needs to introduce symbol, ability to read the meaning of symbols, choice of suitable symbols according to the context, pattern guess through visualization, recognize the role of symbols in other context) This study draws the following conclusions after applying the symbol questionnaires targeting 6th grade mathematically able students : First, although they are math talents, there are some differences in terms of the symbol sense level. Second, 5 elements of the symbol sense are not completely separated. They are rather closely related in terms of mainly the symbol understanding, thereby several elements are combined.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.599-604
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• 2005

This paper presents fuzzy rules to predict diagnosis of Wisconsin breast cancer with minimized number of feature in put using the neural network with weighted fuzzy membership functions (NEWFM) and the non-overlap area distribution measurement method. NEWFM is capable of self-adapting weighted membership functions from the given the Wisconsin breast cancer clinical training data. n set of small, medium, and large weighted triangular membership functions in a hyperbox are used for representing n set of featured input. The membership functions are randomly distributed and weighted initially, and then their positions and weights are adjusted during learning. After learning, prediction rules are extracted directly from n set of enhanced bounded sums of n set of small, medium, and large weighted fuzzy membership functions. Then, the non-overlap area distribution measurement method is applied to select important features by deleting less important features. Two sets of prediction rules extracted from NEWFM using the selected 4 input features out of 9 features outperform to the current published results in number of set of rules, number of input features, and accuracy with 99.71%.