• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1982

대기오염중(大氣汚染中)에서도 임목(林木)에 가장 막대(莫大)한 피해(被害)를 주는 아류산(亞硫酸)gas($SO_2$)가 조경수목(造景樹木)에 미치는 피해(被害)와 대표적(代表的)인 몇가지 수종(樹種)에 있어서 이들간(間)에 내연성(耐煙性)의 차이(差異)를 알아 내어 조경수목(造景樹木)에 의(依)한 한국공업단지내(韓國工業團地內)의 공해방지(公害防止)를 위(爲)한 대책(對策)을 강구(强求)하고자 $Na_2SO_3+H_2SO_4{\rightarrow}Na_2SO_4+H_2O+SO_2{\uparrow}$의 반응식(反應式)을 응용(應用)하여 조사관찰(調査觀察)하였던바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 한국(韓國)의 공업단지중(工業團地中) 과반수이상(過半數以上)의 공장(工場)을 점유(占有)하고 있는 특(特)히 남부지역(南部地域)을 중심(中心)으로 울산시(蔚山市)와 창원시(昌原市) 그리고 포항시(浦項市)의 조경(造景) 및 가로수(街路樹)는 모두 51종(種) 161,699본(本)이었으며 그중(中)에서도 가장 다수(多數)를 점(占)하고 있는 수종(樹種)은 현사시나무, 회양목, 개나리, 향나무, 소나무등(等)의 5종(種)이었다. 2) 각수종(各樹種)에 있어서 $SO_2$의 농도(濃度)와 피해율(被害率)과의 관계(關係)를 조사(調査)해 보면 비교적(比較的) 저농도(低濃度)의 경우에는 급격(急激)히 세포(細胞)의 파괴량(破壞量)이 많아지지 않으며 농도(濃度)가 증가(增加)함에 따라 직선적(直線的)으로 피해율(被害率)이 증가(增加)하였다. 3) 농도별(濃度別) 피해도(被害度)에 대(對)한 차이(差異)는 5종(種)의 수목중(樹木中)에서 회양목이 제일강(第一强)하였고 그 다음이 현사시나무, 개나리, 향나무, 소나무의 순위(順位)로서 소나무가 제일약(第一弱)하였다. 4) 차후(次後)로 공업단지(工業團地)의 조경(造景) 및 가로수목(街路樹木)은 침엽수(針葉樹)보다는 활엽수(闊葉樹)로서 상록다육엽(常綠多肉葉)이면서 맹아력(萌芽力)과 내화력(耐火力)이 강(强)한 수종(樹種)으로 점차(漸次) 개식(改植)할 필요(必要)가 있다. 5) 공단도시(工團都市)의 도시림조성면적(都市林造成面積)은 1인당(人當) $50m^2$정도(程度)는 필요(必要)하며 공장지대(工場地帶)와 주택지대간(住宅地帶間)에는 100m폭(幅) 정도(程度)의 녹지지대(綠地地帶)를 조성(造成)할 필요(必要)가 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.261-278
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• 2002

Based on the hedonic pricing method, this paper investigates the effect of air quality on the apartment price in Seoul. The empirical results show that both the structural variables such as years of construction, heating system, and size of apartment complex and accessability variables such as distances to subway station and parks provide statistically significant effects on the price of apartment, Especially, the dendity of sulfurous acid gas ($SO_2$) and ozone ($O_3$) in the air, indicating air quality, negatively affect the price of apartment, This implies that as the condition of air quality to become worse, apartment price decreases, Therefore, when the degree of aversion of apartment residents against the air pollution affects the formation of apartment's market price, the MWPT(Marginal Willingness to Pay) in order to improve the air quality 10% has been estimated as 36,000~39,000Won per month.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.88-103
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• 2001

화산성(火山性) 황폐지(荒廢地)를 녹화(綠化)할 때에 우선 황폐지(荒廢地)의 특징을 정확하게 파악하는 것이 중요한 과제이다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 시점에서 우선 화산성(火山性) 황폐지(荒廢地)의 커다란 특징인 강회현상(降灰現象)과 이에 동반하는 표면류(表面流)의 발생과 이 황산가스의 문제를 규명하였다. 이어서 화산성(火山性) 황폐지(荒廢地) 녹화(綠化)에 이용되고 있는 곰솔의 성장을 촉진시키는 데에는 황폐지(荒廢地)의 특징을 인위적(人爲的)인 방법으로 극복하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 지적하였다. 이 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 모래밭버섯 등의 공생미생물(共生微生物)과 독자적으로 개발한 피복자재(被覆資材)를 병용(倂用)하는 것이 유효하다는 것을 3년간에 걸친 기초적인 모델실험에 의해 규명하였다. 마지막으로 이들을 병용(倂用)한 구체적인 녹화사례(綠化事例)로서 장기현(長崎縣)의 운선보현악(雲仙普賢岳)와 녹아도현(鹿兒島縣)의 앵도(櫻島)를 대상으로 검토하였다. 그 결과, 공생미생물(共生微生物)과 피복자재(被覆資材)의 병용(倂用)은 화산성(火山性) 황폐지(荒廢地) 녹화(線化)에 대단히 유효한 것으로 나타났다. 이 성과는 세계 각지의 화산성(火山性) 황폐지(荒廢地) 녹화(綠化)에도 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.276-285
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• 2001

1880년대에 이미 대기오염물질에 의한 대규모 삼림이 황폐되었고. 그 후에 이를 복구하기 위해 막대한 예산을 투자하고 있는 일본 아시오(足尾) 지역을 대상으로 삼림황폐와 황폐산지 복구사업 현황을 분석하였다. 삼림황폐의 원인은 구리 제련과정에서 배출되는 아황산가스. 제련과 광산용 목재의 남벌 대형 산불 험준한 지형 불리한 기후조건 등의 복합적인 작용으로 분석할 수 있다. 1897년부터 3년 동안 2,399ha의 식수사업을 비롯한 황폐삼림의 복구사업이 지속적으로 추진되었으나, 삼림황폐와 재해발생이 계속되어 1956년에 황폐산지의 총면적은 2,400~3,000ha이었다. 1945년부터 1996년까지$\ulcorner$인력에 의한 방법$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$헬리콥터에 의한 방법$\lrcorner$, $\ulcorner$인력과 헬리콥터 조합방법$\lrcorner$에 의한 시공으로 산복 828.19ha와 계간 133개소에 복구공사를 실행하였다. 예산은 약 800억 엔이 투자되었다. 주요 복구공법은 기초공사로서 사방댐과 흙막이공사, 녹화공사로서 식생반공법과 식생대공법 및 식재 공법이며, 인력에 의한 3단계 시공으로 장소별 완전복구를 목표로 하고 있다. 전반적으로 시공지의 녹화율은 약 49% 정도이며. 완전히 녹화된 비율은 전체 시공지의 10%에도 미치지 못한 실정이다. 남아 있는 황폐산지에 대하여 향후 25년 동안 약 213억 엔을 투입하여 산복공사 564ha, 계간공사 183개소를 복구할 계획이지만. 완전히 복구하는 데에는 몇 년이 걸릴지 예측할 수 없는 상황이다. 이곳에서의 황폐산림 복구공법은 우리 나라의 폐광지 산비탈을 복구하는 데에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 보존과학연구
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• 통권15호
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• pp.104-127
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• 1994

Traditional architecture has structural limits after some terms because it almost made by wood elements. So in the name of 'Restoration', by anatural process, repair works are accomplished. But the repair works of traditional buildings have some problems in spite of best men power and technology. To overcome this problems, we need more detailed studies for examine the reasons of destruction in elements of wooden buildings. The life limits of wooden buildings are caused by natural circumstances and humanic circumstances, the former has bad effect on the damage in wooden buildings. There are various elements of damage in the wooden buildings, earthquake, the falling of a thunderbolt, fire, and rain, microorganism, insect, and so on. Moreover pollutions-sulfurous acid gas, acidorganic matters -are important reason of shortening the life of wooden buildings. From 1981 till now we investigated important traditional buildings under repair works by the way scientific analysis to catch the sample - seramics, woods, insects, metals, etc. In this reports we suggest various method of investigation with two samples of tradional house made by wood, one is Kim Joo Tea House, the order is Simgum-dang of Magok-Sa(dwelling of monk).

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2017

본 연구는 강산 분위기에서 아연의 산화 환원 반응을 통한 폐수 중 질산성 질소 제거에 관한 연구이다. 폐수에 황산($H_2SO_4$)을 첨가하여 강산 분위기를 조성한 다음, 아연과 설파믹산을 넣어주게 되면 금속 아연이 산화되고, 이온화된 질산성 질소가 환원 처리되어 제거되는 연구이다. 산화 반응은 강산 분위기일수록 반응이 잘 일어나기 때문에 pH 2.0~4.0 범위 중 pH 2.0에서 제거효율이 높았다. 설파믹산을 첨가함으로써 질산 이온을 최종 질소가스로 환원시켜 제거하는 것이 설파믹산이 존재하지 않을 때보다 $H^+$ 이온 소모량이 적기 때문에 설파믹산을 투입하는 것이 유리하였다. 같은 아연 양에 따라 설파믹산을 넣지 않은 것은 질산성 질소가 46.0% 제거되는 반면, 설파믹산을 넣게 되면 질산성 질소가 93.0% 제거된다. 본 실험에서 아연은 입자가 분말 형태로 제조되어 반응성이 다른 일반 아연 금속보다 크기 때문에 반응 후 1분 만에 제거 효율이 약 80.0% 로 매우 높게 나타났다.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The concentration of sulfur dioxide($SO_2$) gas in the ambient air appears increasing in the industry and urban area day by day. It was known that $SO_2$ is noxious gas. $SO_2$ can be irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, upper respiratory tract and skin. It produces sulfurous acid on contact with water and is extremely irritating to the nasopharynx and respiratory tract. Laminin is a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins localized in the basement membrane that separates epithelial cells from the underlying stroma. The biological activities of laminin are to promote cell migration, wound healing, growth and differentiation. Meterials and Methods : The histologic changes and the expression of laminin in tracheal mucosa sacrificed at every weeks (to 7 weeks) after continued $SO_2$ exposure of 250ppm for 30 minutes a day were studied in rats. Results : Pathologic tissue was formed at the tracheal mucosa and the underlying tissue by the infiltration of monocytes and epithelium was transformed to the single cell layered epithelium above 5 weeks after exposure. At the 6 weeks after exposure, epithelial cells were partially lost and epithelial cell layer was transformed to be leaf-shaped. Submucosal tissue was transformed to be lymphatic tissue. An intense positive staining for laminin was found in apical cytoplasm and lateral surface of the normal epithelial cells and basement membrane but at the 5 and 6 weeks after exposure, laminin activity was decreased to the moderate activity. At the 7 weeks after exposure, laminin activity was decreased to the weak activity. Conclusion : Our finding suggests that $SO_2$ makes histologic damage on the tracheal mucosa and decreases immunoreactivity for laminin. Longer duration of the exposure of $SO_2$ makes more histologic damage on the tracheal mucosa and decreases immunoreactivity for laminin.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2005

국내 경제성장과 더불어 발전소 에너지원으로 이용되고 있는 석탄은 매년 증가하여 2006년에는 전체 에너지 구성의 30%인 16,000MW에 이를 것으로 예측되고 있다. 이러한 석탄은 다른 화석연료에 비해 매장량이 풍부하고 경제성은 높지만, 사용이 불편하고 석탄회, 아황산가스 등 많은 공해물질을 배출하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 마찰하전형정전선별법을 이용하여 석탄과 회분구성 광물의 선별기술을 확립, 청정석탄을 생산하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 bench-scale의 마찰하전형정전선별 장치를 제작하였으며, 선별에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 선정하고 분리실험을 수행하여 최적조건을 확립하였다. 연구결과 최적조건에서 석탄 회수율과 회분 및 유황분 제거율이 각각 68.10%. 31.23% 그리고 28.33%인 정제석탄을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2021

Most of the rural development projects for the welfare of residents are mainly new construction and remodeling projects for community buildings such as village halls and senior citizens. However, in the case of the construction industry, it has been studied that 23% of the total carbon dioxide emissions generated in Korea are generated in the building-related sector. (GGIC, 2015) In order to reduce the emission of environmental pollutants resulting from construction of rural community buildings, there is a need to establish a system for rural buildings by predicting the environmental impact. As a result of this study, the emissions of air pollutants from buildings in rural communities were analyzed by dividing into seven stages: material production, construction, operation, maintenance, demolition, recycling, and transportation activities related to disposal. As a result, 12 kg of carbon dioxide (CO), 0.06 kg of carbon monoxide (CO), 0.02 kg of methane (CH), 0.04 kg of nitrogen oxides (NO), 0.02 kg of sulfurous acid gas (SO), and non-methane volatile organics per 1m of buildings in rural communities It was analyzed that 0.02 kg of compound (NMVOC) and 0.00011 kg of nitrous oxide (NO) were released. This study proved that environmentally friendly design is possible with a quantitative methodology for the comparison of operating energy and air pollutant emissions through the design specification change based on the statement of the rural community building. It is considered that it can function as basic data for further research by collecting major structural changes and materials of rural community buildings.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2009

We conclude the following with air pollution data measured from city measurement net administered and managed in Gwangju for the last 7 years from January in 2001 to December in 2007. In addition, some major statistics governed by Gwangju city and data administered by Gwangju as national official statistics obtained by estimating the amount of national air pollutant emission from National Institute of Environmental Research were used. The results are as follows ; 1. The distribution by main managements of air emission factory is the following ; Gwangju City Hall(67.8%) > Gwangsan District Office(13.6%) > Buk District Office(9.8%) > Seo District Office(5.5%) > Nam District Office(3.0%) > Dong District Office(0.3%) and the distribution by districts of air emission factory ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(22.4%) > Seo District(21.8%) > Nam District(14.9%) > Dong District(8.1%). That by types(Year 2004~2007 average) is also following ; Type 5(45.2%) > Type 4(40.7%) > Type 3(8.6%) > Type 2(3.2%) > Type 1(2.2%) and the most of them are small size of factory, Type 4 and 5. 2. The distribution by districts of the number of car registrations is the following ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(22.4%) > Seo District(21.8%) > Nam District(14.9%) > Dong District(8.1%) and the distribution by use of car fuel in 2001 ; Gasoline(56.3%) > Diesel(30.3%) > LPG(13.4%) > etc.(0.2%). In 2007, there was no ranking change ; Gasoline(47.8%) > Diesel(35.6%) > LPG(16.2%) >etc.(0.4%). The number of gasoline cars increased slightly, but that of diesel and LPG cars increased remarkably. 3. The distribution by items of the amount of air pollutant emission in Gwangju is the following; CO(36.7%) > NOx(32.7%) > VOC(26.7%) > SOx(2.3%) > PM-10(1.5%). The amount of CO and NOx, which are generally generated from cars, is very large percentage among them. 4. The distribution by mean of air pollutant emission(SOx, NOx, CO, VOC, PM-10) of each county for 5 years(2001~2005) is the following ; Buk District(31.0%) > Gwangsan District(28.2%) > Seo District(20.4%) > Nam District(12.5%) > Dong District(7.9%). The amount of air pollutant emission in Buk District, which has the most population, car registrations, and air pollutant emission businesses, was the highest. On the other hand, that of air pollutant emission in Dong District, which has the least population, car registrations, and air pollutant emission businesses, was the least. 5. The average rates of SOx for 5 years(2001~2005) in Gwangju is the following ; Non industrial combustion(59.5%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(20.4%) > Road transportation(11.4%) > Non-road transportation(3.8%) > Waste disposal(3.7%) > Production process(1.1%). And the distribution of average amount of SOx emission of each county is shown as Gwangsan District(33.3%) > Buk District(28.0%) > Seo District(19.3%) > Nam District(10.2%) > Dong District(9.1%). 6. The distribution of the amount of NOx emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(59.1%) > Non-road transportation(18.9%) > Non industrial combustion(13.3%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(6.9%) > Waste disposal(1.6%) > Production process(0.1%). And the distribution of the amount of NOx emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(30.7%) > Gwangsan District(28.8%) > Seo District(20.5%) > Nam District(12.2%) > Dong District(7.8%). 7. The distribution of the amount of carbon monoxide emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(82.0%) > Non industrial combustion(10.6%) > Non-road transportation(5.4%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(1.7%) > Waste disposal(0.3%). And the distribution of the amount of carbon monoxide emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(33.0%) > Seo District(22.3%) > Gwangsan District(21.3%) > Nam District(14.3%) > Dong District(9.1%). 8. The distribution of the amount of Volatile Organic Compound emission in Gwangju is shown as Solvent utilization(69.5%) > Road transportation(19.8%) > Energy storage & transport(4.4%) > Non-road transportation(2.8%) > Waste disposal(2.4%) > Non industrial combustion(0.5%) > Production process(0.4%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(0.3%). And the distribution of the amount of Volatile Organic Compound emission from each county is the following ; Gwangsan District(36.8%) > Buk District(28.7%) > Seo District(17.8%) > Nam District(10.4%) > Dong District(6.3%). 9. The distribution of the amount of minute dust emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(76.7%) > Non-road transportation(16.3%) > Non industrial combustion(6.1%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(0.7%) > Waste disposal(0.2%) > Production process(0.1%). And the distribution of the amount of minute dust emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(26.0%) > Seo District(19.5%) > Nam District(13.2%) > Dong District(8.5%). 10. According to the major source of emission of each items, that of oxides of sulfur is Non industrial combustion, heating of residence, business and agriculture and stockbreeding. And that of NOx, carbon monoxide, minute dust is Road transportation, emission of cars and two-wheeled vehicles. Also, that of VOC is Solvent utilization emission facilities due to Solvent utilization. 11. The concentration of sulfurous acid gas has been 0.004ppm since 2001 and there has not been no concentration change year by year. It is considered that the use of sulfurous acid gas is now reaching to the stabilization stage. This is found by the facts that the use of fuel is steadily changing from solid or liquid fuel to low sulfur liquid fuel containing very little amount of sulfur element or gas, so that nearly no change in concentration has been shown regularly. 12. Concerning changes of the concentration of throughout time, the concentration of NO has been shown relatively higher than that of $NO_2$ between 6AM~1PM and the concentration of $NO_2$ higher during the other time. The concentration of NOx(NO, $NO_2$) has been relatively high during weekday evenings. This result shows that there is correlation between the concentration of NOx and car traffics as we can see the Road transportation which accounts for 59.1% among the amount of NOx emission. 13. 49.1~61.2% of PM-10 shows PM-2.5 concerning the relationship between PM-10 and PM-2.5 and PM-2.5 among dust accounts for 45.4%~44.5% of PM-10 during March and April which is the lowest rates. This proves that particles of yellow sand that are bigger than the size $2.5\;{\mu}m$ are sent more than those that are smaller from China. This result shows that particles smaller than $2.5\;{\mu}m$ among dust exist much during July~August and December~January and 76.7% of minute dust is proved to be road transportation in Gwangju.