• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2015

Objective : Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) detects various patterns, which can be attributed to many factors. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and highly specific protein [beta-trace protein (${\beta}TP$)] for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in CSDHs, and correlate the levels of these markers with the MRI findings. Methods : Thirty one patients, treated surgically for CSDH, were divided on the basis of MRI findings into hyperintense and non-hyperintense groups. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and ${\beta}TP$ in the subdural fluid and serum were measured. The ${\beta}TP$ was considered to indicate an admixture of CSF to the subdural fluid if ${\beta}TP$ in the subdural fluid $({\beta}TP_{SF})/{\beta}TP$ in the serum $({\beta}TP_{SER})>2$. Results : The mean concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 of the hyperintense group (n=17) of T1-WI MRI were $3975.1{\pm}1040.8pg/mL$ and $6873.2{\pm}6365.4pg/mL$, whereas them of the non-hyperintense group (n=14) were $2173.5{\pm}1042.1pg/mL$ and $2851.2{\pm}6267.5pg/mL$ (p<0.001 and p=0.004). The mean concentrations of ${\beta}TP_{SF}$ and the ratio of ${\beta}TP_{SF}/{\beta}TP_{SER}$ of the hyperintense group (n=13) of T2-WI MRI were $7.3{\pm}2.9mg/L$ and $12.6{\pm}5.4$, whereas them of the non-hyperintense group (n=18) were $4.3{\pm}2.3mg/L$ and $7.5{\pm}3.9$ (p=0.011 and p=0.011). Conclusion : The hyperintense group on T1-WI MRI of CSDHs exhibited higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 than non-hyperintense group. And, the hyperintese group on T2-WI MRI exhibited higher concentrations of ${\beta}TP_{SF}$ and the ratio of ${\beta}TP_{SF}/{\beta}TP_{SER}$ than non-hyperintense group. These findings appear to be associated with rebleeding and CSF admixture in the CSDHs.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.953-958
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• 2008

The object of this study was to investigate the immune-enhancing effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on a deteriorated immune function by a protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) diet. Unicellular algae, CV were used as a biological response modifier. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed for 15 days with standard diet or a PEM diet, which is associated with decreased host immune defense. After 8 days, mice in the PEM diet group were orally administered by 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 g/kg body weight of CV or distilled water. Nutritional parameters, and interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ levels were significantly increased in the blood serum of the CV (0.15 g/kg)-treated group (29.6$\pm$2.8 pg/mL) compared to the non-treated PEM group (4.1$\pm$0.4 pg/mL, p<0.05). In addition, cell proliferation and production of cytokines were investigated via a CV (0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/mL) treatment using a human T cell line MOLT-4 cell. The CV treatment (1 mg/mL) significantly increased the production of both IFN-$\gamma$ and interleukin (IL)-2 (51.3$\pm$3.4 and 285.9$\pm$18.8 pg/mL, respectively) compared to the control (51.3$\pm$3.4 and 442.6$\pm$14.3 pg/mL, respectively), but did not affect the production of IL-4. These results suggest that CV may be useful in improving the immune function.

• 분석과학
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2003

혈액 시료 중의 다이옥신 농도를 분석하는 과정에서 있을 수 있는 중요한 오차요인들을 고려하여 최종적인 측정 결과에 대한 불확도를 구하였다. 불확도의 평가 원리는 측정 불확도 표현 지침서를 따랐으며, 불확도를 구하는 방법도 이 지침서를 참고하여 수행되었다. 각 측정 과정의 불확도 요인을 고려하여 다이옥신 및 퓨란의 주요 17가지 이성질체 중 이 실험에서 농도가 검출된 11가지 이성질체에 한하여 각각에 대한 불확도를 구한 후, 이 값들을 합성하여 총 다이옥신 농도에 대한 불확도를 구하였다. 이렇게 하여 얻은 불확도를 함께 나타낸 최종 다이옥신 농도는 $0.0746{\pm}0.0074pg$ I-TEQ/g weight 또는 $20.68{\pm}2.04pg$ I-TEQ/g lipid 이었다. 전자는 시료의 무게당 환산농도로 나타낸 것이며, 후자는 지방의 무게당 환산농도로 나타낸 것이다. 이와 같이, 측정 결과에 대한 불확도를 구하여 측정량의 존재 범위를 나타냄으로써 분석 결과의 품질을 정량적으로 보증할 수 있다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2005

연구배경 : 기관지 결핵의 주요 합병증인 기관지 협착은 기도폐쇄에 의한 호흡곤란을 초래하거나 천식이나 폐암으로 오인되는 등의 임상적 문제를 가진다. 본 연구는 기관지 결핵 환자를 대상으로 치료 후 기관지 협착이 발생한 군과 발생하지 않은 군간에 치료 전후의 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 및 $TGF-{\beta}$의 혈청 및 기관지 세척액 농도를 비교함으로써 $IFN-{\gamma}$ 및 $TGF-{\beta}$의 농도와 기관지 협착 발생과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 기관지 내시경을 통한 세균학적 검사 및 조직검사로 기관지 결핵으로 진단받은 16명의 환자를 대상으로 치료 전후에 기관지 세척술을 포함한 기관지 내시경술을 시행하였으며 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 $TGF-{\beta}$의 혈청 및 기관지 세척액에서의 농도를 측정하였다. 동일한 방법으로 건강한 성인 대조군 10명에서 혈청 및 기관지 세척액의 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 $TGF-{\beta}$ 농도를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 기관지 결핵 환자군에서 대조군에 비해 기관지 세척액의 $IFN-{\gamma}$(108.55 pg/ml vs undetectable, median)와 $TGF-{\beta}$ 농도(60.80 pg/ml vs undetectable, median)가 유의하게 증가되어 있었다(p<0.05). 치료 후 시행한 기관지 내시경 소견에서 섬유화로 인한 기관지 협착이 남은 환자가 7명 이었고 나머지 9명은 후유증 없이 치유된 소견을 보였다. 기관지 협착을 보인 환자군이 협착이 남지 않은 군에 비해 치료 전의혈청 $TGF-{\beta}$ 농도(847.67 pg/ml vs 1140.30 pg/ml, median)가 낮았으며 또한 치료 후에 더 많이 감소하였다(${\Delta}381.08pg/ml$ vs ${\Delta}191.47pg/ml$, median)(p<0.05). 결 론 : 증가된 기관지 세척액의 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 $TGF-{\beta}$ 농도는 기관지 결핵의 발생기전과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각되며 치료 경과에서 섬유화로 인한 기관지 협착의 발생 유무는 혈청 $TGF-{\beta}$의 치료 전 농도 및 치료 후 농도 변화와 연관성이 있을 것으로 추정된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2007

목 적: 성선자극호르몬과 GnRH agonist (GnRH)를 동시에 중단하는 1$\sim$2 일간의 단기 coasting이 임신율을 포함한 난소과자극증후군 예방에 미치는 효과를 조사하고자 한다. 연구방법: 체외수정시술을 위한 과배란유도 시 15 mm 이상의 난포가 20 개 이상이고 혈중 E$_2$ 농도가 4,000 pg/ml 이상일 때 coasting을 시도한 37 명의 여성들을 대상으로 하였다. Coasting은 성선자극호르몬과 GnRH agonist를 동시에 중단하였으며, 초음파상 난포의 상태와 혈중 E$_2$ 농도 에 따라 1일 또는 2일 동안 시행하였다. 혈중 E$_2$ 농도, 채취된 난자 수, 수정율, 임신율 등을 후향적으로 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 평균 혈중 E$_2$ 농도는 coasting 시작 당일 6,993 pg/ml 에서 hCG 투여일에 3,396 pg/ml로 감소하였다. 평균 채취 난자 수와 수정율은 15.7개와 70%였다. 15명 (40.6%)이 임신을 하였고 착상율은 15.2%였다. 26명 (70.3%)이 1일, 11명 (29.7%)이 2일 동안 coasting 하였다. 평균 혈중 농도의 감소율은 1일 coasting한 군에서 43%, 2일 costing한 군은 15% (첫날)와 81% (둘째날)이었다. 임신율은 두 군간 유사하였고, 중증도 이상의 OHSS는 발생하지 않았으며 3명 (8.1%)에서 경미한 OHSS가 나타났다. 결 론: 성선자극호르몬과 GnRH agonist의 통시 중단에 의한 1$\sim$2 일의 단기 coasting은 체외수정의 결과에 영향을 주지않고 OHSS 를 예방하는데 성공적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) on the articular cartilage injuries in rat model of osteoarthritis. Methods Articular cartilage injury was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) (0.25 mg) into both knee joint cavities of rats. Rats were divided into control group (n=8) and Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group (n=8), which was taken extracts of Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) by orally for 20 days. At the end of the experiment (20 days after MIA injection), gross and histopathological examinations on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan (PG) content in articular cartilages was analyzed by safranin O staining method. And also, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) contents in synovial fluid were measured by ELISA method. Results 1. Grossly, the degree of articular cartilage injury in the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was alleviated compared with the control group. 2. PG content in articular cartilage of the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was increased significantly compared with the control group. 3. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic score of the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. 4. TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ content in synovial fluid of the Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) group was increased compared with the control group. But there was no significance. Conclusions On the basis of these results, we suggest that Banggi-eum (FangchiYin) have inhibiting effects on the progression of articular cartilage injury in MIA-induced osteoarthritis model.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2011

This study was to investigate the effects of Gyeonbi-Tang Treatment on the monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)-induced mild osteoarthritis in rats. Arthritis was induced by injection of MIA(0.25 mg) into knee joints of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. Control group was taken distilled water and treated group was taken extracts of Gyeonbi-Tang by orally for 20days. Body weights were measured at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 days after MIA injection. At the end of experiment(20day after MIA injection), gross and histopathological examination on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan(PG) contents in articular cartilages were analysed. And also, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-1${\beta}$(IL-1${\beta}$) contents in synovial fluids were measured by ELISA method. Body weights of the treated group were significantly increased compared with control group at 15, 20 days after injection. Grossly, the severity of osteoarthritis in the treated group were alleviated compared with control group. PG contents in articular cartilages of the treated group were increased compared with control group. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic scores of the treated group was decreased compared with the control group. TNF-${\alpha}$ contents in synovial fluids of the treated group were significantly decreased compared with control group. On the basis of these results, we concluded that Gyeonbi-Tang Treatment has anti-arthritic effects on the monosodium iodoacetate-induced mild osteoarthritis in rats. And it's effects were related with reduced secretion of TNF-${\alpha}$ from synovial membranes.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.446-451
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• 2001

The interaction of cytochrome c with binary phospholipid mixtures was investigated by solid-state $^2H$- and $^{31}P$-NMR. To examine the effect of the interaction on the glycerol backbones, the glycerol moieties of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and cardioliph (CL) were specifically deuterated. On the binding of cytochrome c to the binary mixed bilayers, no changes in the quadrupole splittings of each of the components were observed for the PC/PG, PE/CL and PE/PG liposomes. In contrast, the splittings of CL decreased on binging of protein to the PC/CL liposomes, although those of PC did not change at all. This showed that cytochrome c specifically interacts with CL in PC/CL bilayers, and penetrates into the lipid bilayer to some extent so as to perturb the dynamic structure of the glycerol backbone. This is distinctly different from the mode of interaction of cytochrome c with other binary mixed bilayers. In the $^{31}P$-NMR spectra, line broadening and a decrease of the chemical shift anisotropy were observed on the binding of cytochrome c for all binary mixed bilayers that were examined. These changes were more significant for the PC/CL bilayers. Furthermore, the line broadening is more significant for PC than for CL in PC/CL bilayers. Therefore, it can be concluded that with the polar head groups, not only CL but also PC are involved in the interaction with cytochrome c.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.350-353
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• 2009

땅콩(Arachis hypogaea)은 예민한 사람들에게 심한 알레르기를 일으킬 수 있다. Agglutinin은 땅콩에서 알레르기 유발 단백질의 하나로 알려져 있다. 식품중의 땅콩성분을 검출하기 위하여 agglutinin 유전자에 특이적인 primer pair를 이용하는 polymerase chain reaction(PCR) 방법을 개발하였다. PCR 반응은 땅콩에서 agglutinin DNA의 특정부분을 증폭시켰으나 11종의 다른 견과류, 두류 및 곡류(피스타치오, 아몬드, 해바라기씨, 잣, 호두, 대두, 검은콩, 강낭콩, 팥, 백미, 흑미)에 대해서는 반응하지 않았다. 이 PCR 방법으로 땅콩성분이 함유된 6종의 가공식품을 모두 확인할 수 있었으며 땅콩이 구성성분으로 표시되지 않은 13종의 다른 가공식품에 대해서는 모두 음성반응을 나타냈다. 본 방법은 정제된 땅콩 DNA를 100 pg까지 검출할 수 있었으며 대두 DNA에 땅콩 DNA가 0.1%까지 혼합된 경우도 검출이 가능하였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.87-100
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Buja-tang treatment on the early change of the monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injection of monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)(0.25 mg) into both knee joint cavities of rats. Arthritic rats were divided into control(n=8) and treated(n=8) group. The control group was taken distilled water and the treated group, extracts of Buja-tang by orally for 20 days. At the end of the experiment(20 days after MIA injection), gross and histopathological examinations on the articular structures of knee joints were performed. Proteoglycan(PG) content in articular cartilages was analyzed by safranine O staining method. And also, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$($IL-1{\beta}$) contents in synovial fluid were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method. Results : 1. Body weight(g) of the treated group was increased significantly compared with control group at 15 and 20 days after injection. 2. Grossly, the degree of osteoarthritis in the treated group was alleviated compared with the control group. 3. PG content in articular cartilage of the treated group was increased significantly compared with the control group. 4. Histopathologically, osteoarthritic score of the treated group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. 5. $TNF-{\alpha}$ content in synovial fluid of the treated group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, we suggest that Buja-tang have inhibiting effects on the progression of arthritis in MIA-induced osteoarthritis model. And it is related to inhibiting the activity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in osteoarthritic chodrocytes and synovial membranes.