• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.553-557
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• 2013

The stretching vibration of OH of ice Ih is studied by Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics in regarding the effect of mixed H/D contamination while the vibrational spectrum is considered by velocity-velocity autocorrelations of the sampled ensemble. When hydrogen atoms are immersed randomly into the deuterated ice, a typical vibrational frequency of OH stretching mode is observed to be similar to that from the pure $H_2O$ ice. When focusing on the correlation of isolated neighboring OH stretching, a narrower and blue shifted peak is observed at the high frequency range as a result of the screening from the complex many body correlations by $D_2O$ environment. It is also specifically related to the symmetric intermolecular correlations between neighboring OH stretching modes. More enhanced high frequency range can be explained by the expansion of such two body correlations to collective many body correlations among all possible OH stretching modes. This contribution becomes important when it involves in chemical interactions via excitation of such vibrational states.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.539-544
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• 1998

Hemi-spheroidal punch stretching test was developed to evaluate the press formability of sheet materials. In the plane strain stretching tests our specially designed hemi-spheroidal head punch were used. In the experiment the circular sheet blanks with parallel edge sides are uniformly stretched up to fracture by raising these punches to assure plane strain stretching deformation along the longitudinal direction of the specimens. The press formability was evaluated by limit punch height(LPH) and minor strain mea-surement around the fracture area. Compared with the hemi-spherical punch and the hemi-cylindrical one our hemi-spheroidal punch was more useful in the experimental reproduction and reliance for press formability test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.317-318
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• 2009

In this paper, we observed stretching of carbon nanotube (CNT) aggregates driven by the electric filed in a nematic liquid crystal (LC) medium. The CNT aggregates started to stretch above a threshold filed which is $1.5\;V/{\mu}m$ and the original CNT length which is $1.7{\mu}m$ was stretching up to $19.2\;{\mu}m$ at $3.5\;V/{\mu}m$ electric filed. When the CNT aggregates became to stretching, the width and length of CNT aggregates became narrow and long, respectively. The original morphology of the CNT aggregates was restored upon removal of filed.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stretching exercise on depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). Methods: The study was designed as a non-equivalent control group pre-posttest quasi-experimental design. The patients with SLE who signed the consent form were conveniently assigned into two groups(11 experimental subjects and 10 control subjects). The subjects in the experimental group were participated in 6 weeks stretching exercise program for one and a half hours per session twice a week. The data were analyzed by using a SAS-pc+ 8.01 program. Results: 'The experimental group would have less depression scores than the control group' was supported (Z=2.2, p=.025). 'The experimental group would have less pain scores than the control group' was supported (Z=3.4, p=.001). 'The experimental group would have less fatigue scores than the control group' was supported (Z=-2.0, p=.041). With this study, we identified the stretching exercise program was effective on depression, pain, and fatigue of SLE patients. Conclusions: From above results, 6 weeks stretching exercise program could be an effective nursing intervention to reduce depression, pain, and fatigue in patients with SLE.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.852-858
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide fundamental clinical data for the treatment plan and rehabilitation of patients with cervical hypolordosis by comparing the cervical headache and muscle activity after cervical stretching exercise and cervical traction, which are generally applied to patients with cervical hypolordosis. The research subjects included 20 patients without gender division who were diagnosed with cervical hypolordosis. After applying cervical stretching exercise and cervical traction for six weeks, cervical headache and the activity of the muscles around the cervical vertebra(upper trapezius muscle, sternocleidomastoid muscle, splenius capitis muscle, and anterior temporal muscle) were investigated and the following results were obtained. In a comparison of the within group intervention effects of the two groups, cervical pain statistically significantly decreased in the cervical stretching exercise group. According to the results of analyzing the change of muscle tension in the upper trapezius muscle, both the cervical traction group and showed a statistically significant within group difference in the left and right side. According to the results of analyzing the change in the muscle tension of the splenius capitis muscle, both groups showed a statistically significant within group difference in the left and right side. In a between-group comparison, a statistically significant difference in the right side was observed. These results confirm that cervical vertebra traction and cervical stretching exercise decrease the cervical headache and muscle activity of the upper trapezius muscle and the splenius capitis muscle among patients with cervical hypolordosis.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Purpose: This research was implemented for men in their thirties who have lower back pain to observe general activity disorder patterns during pinch lift and rubbing manual therapy (PMT) and stretching application. Methods: Participants were divided into three groups: The PMT Group used applied pinch lift and rubbing manual therapy; the STR Group used applied stretching; and the CON Group was the control group. Participants for each group received treatments that were conducted three times a week for a total five weeks. Measures of pain utilized Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) [INCOMPLETE SENTENCE]. Results: There were significant differences between the PMT Group and the CON Group as well as the STR Group and the CON Group for pain, muscle strength and flexibility. There was a significant difference in pain between the PMT Group and the STR Group. Conclusion: As a result, it is inferred that PMT and stretching positively influenced recovery with regards to pain, muscle strength and flexibility relief; however PMT is more effective for pain relief than stretching.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.268-274
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of self stretching on shoulder pain and should flexibility of nurses. Methods: Forty two nurses who work in a university hospital participated in the study; an intervention (n=22) and a control group (n=20). The nurses of intervention group carried out a 4-week self stretching program. All participants completed 1 item NRS scale for pain intensity and 1 item 4-Likert scale for pain intensity. Both shoulder flexibilities of the nurses were measured by back and reach test. All measurements were done at baseline, 2 week, 4 week during the program and 2 week following the program. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, ${\chi}^2$-test, t test, Repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 12.0. Results: There were significant differences in the pain intensity (p<.001) and frequencies(p<.001) between two groups. Also, Left and right shoulder flexibilities of the intervention group significantly increased than those of the control group (p<.001 and p=.002 respectively). Conclusion: The results showed that self stretching reduce the intensity and frequency of shoulder pain and increase both shoulder flexibilities. Thus, self stretching is recommended as an intervention to improve shoulder function of hospital nurses.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.675-689
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficient way of stretching technique from three methods, and of stretching duration and frequency. Sretching is known to improve musculotendinous flexibility and joint suppleness, and employed in many warm-up routines during physical activities and athletic performances. The benefits and the rationale of stretching have been reviewed. Many authors agree that, for the best results, static stretching has to be held for approximately 30 sec. in a trial, three trials in a session, at least three times a week for four weeks. Further clinical studies are required for elucidating more informations on this subject.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2019

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide the effective method for exercise therapy in soccer player. Methods : 30 soccer players were recruited for subjects. The subjects were divided to dynamic stretching exercise combined tDCS (Group I), dynamic stretching exercise combined Sham-tDCS (Group II) of which 15 subjects were randomly allocated. The subjects were given 3 hour of soccer skill and performance and additionally given 20 minutes of dynamic stretching exercise combined tDCS and sham-tDCS for each group, five times a week, for 6 weeks. Their muscle activity and jump performance were analyzed before the intervention. After 6 weeks of the intervention, the mentioned parameters were measured once more for between-group analysis. Results : Comparative analysis of the muscle activity and jump performance between the groups I and groups II showed statistically significant difference. Conclusion : Such results revealed that dynamic stretching exercise combined with tDCS is effective in muscle activity and jump performance. Based on the current study, more effective program is to be proposed for neurologic and musculoskelectal disorder as well as soccer player. Based on the current study, studies that incorporates various combine of variable is required for development of effective tDCS program.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

Purpose : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ballistic stretching techniques on the flexibility, muscle strength and electrophysiologic nature. Methods : The subjects of the study were 20 young adults including 10 for the ballistic-stretching group, and 10 for the control group. This study measured hamstring flexibility, muscle strength, median frequency and root mean square on electromyography signals. All measurements were analyzed using independent sample t-tests. Results : VAS, FPRS, and ODI showed significant pain decrease in all groups except for the ODI measurement in the 0.5㎐ group. There were no significant differences according to frequency levels. Conclusion : It was understood that the effect of stretching was greater when performing ballistic stretching techniques.