• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2007

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), a member of the $\delta$-herpesvirus family, encodes an oncoprotein called Saimiri Transforming Protein (STP) which is required for lymphoma induction in non-human primates. Previous study has shown that STP-C, an oncoprotein of HVS, activates NF-$\kappa$B signaling pathway. However, the detailed mechanism of STP-Cmediated NF-$\kappa$B activation has not been reported yet. We first report that STP-C interacts with TRAF6 protein in vivo and in vitro and further investigation shows that $Glu_{12}$ residue of STP-C is critical for binding to TRAF6. Introduction of ubiquitin together with STP-C augments NF-$\kappa$B activity compared to that of STP-C expression alone. STP-C expression further induces ubiquitination of endogenous TRAF6. In addition, either a deubiquitination enzyme, CYLD or a dominant negative E2-conjugation enzyme reduced NF-$\kappa$B activity in spite of the presence of STP-C, supporting that the interaction between STP-C and TRAF6 induces ubiquitination of TRAF6. NF-$\kappa$B activation by STP-C through the ubiquitinated TRAF6 causes the increased production of IL-8, an inflammatory chemokine and the enhanced expression of costimulatory molecule ICAM, which might ultimately contribute cellular transformation by the exposure of HVS-infected cells with inflammatory microenvironment and chronic activation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.572-575
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• 2011

It is well known that spanning tree protocol (STP) is the most commonly used protocol in switching networks for smart grid. STP selectively blocks redundancy links of the network to prevent layer 2 loops in network, and it also has a functionality of backing up links. As with the other protocols, STP has been updated with the continuing development of the network. STP is a broad concept and it does not just refer in particular to defined STP protocol in IEEE 802.1D standards, it refers to updated spanning tree protocol based on STP. Because of uneven distribution of communication traffic in root bridge, STP cannot satisfy fast converge nce while the failure occurs near the root bridge or on the root bridge in tree topologies of STP. In this paper, we propose a novel method --- Hyper Cube Spanning Tree Protocol (HCSTP) to solve uneven distribution of communication traffic. Theoretically, hyper cube in our protocol increases throughput and improves the utilization of communication. The simulation results show that HCSTP can achieve comparative and considerably higher performance than other STP protocols in terms of reconnection.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.216-222
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• 2017

Recently, opinions on the need for revision regarding the nitrogen effluent standard of nitrogen from sewage treatment plant(STP) are consistently suggested. However, it is axiomatic that if nitrogen effluent standard is strengthened without a clear basis, it will cause confusion in domestic STP. In this research, nitrogen fraction was analyzed based on a long-term incubation method, according to STP capacity, and the linked treatment of industrial wastewater. As a result, NBDDON, which is difficult to treat in STP, ranged from 1.0 to 1.9 mg/L. larger DON and NBDDON/DON was detected in small STP (under 10,000 m3 /d) as opposed to the large STP. NBDDON/DON in industrial STP was about 0.7 and it was higher than municipal STP. This research result will be used in the important raw data for revision of nitrogen effluent standard of nitrogen from STP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resources Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.310-316
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• 2005

축산식품(우유)내의 잔류항생물질을 신속하고 간편하고 정확하게 분석하기 위한 시험법 개발을 목적으로 하였다. 축산식품내의 일반적인 잔류항생물질에 대한 지금까지의 분석법으로는 Bioassay법, TLC법, ELISA법, GC법 및 HPLC법 등이 있지만 Streptomycin/dihydrostreptomycin, neomycin에 대한 HPLC법은 거의 확립되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 우리나라의 공인 검사법으로는 Bioassay법 및 HPLC법등이 있지만 그러나 지금까지의 방법으로는 검출감도가 낮은 것이 큰 문제점으로 되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 STP에 대한 HPLC법에 대한 보고한 Edder 방법 중에 clean-up 과정 및 이동상 조건을 대폭 수정하여 STP의 분리 및 검출감도를 낮추려고 시도하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 유도체화 장치 Post-Column Derivatization Instrument PCX 5100 (Pickering La-boratories, Inc.)의 컬럼 온도는 $40^{\circ}C$, 오븐온도 $55^{\circ}C$, 유도체화 용매 유속 0.6ml/min 이동상 유속 0.8ml/min으로 검출기는 형광검출기를 이용하여 STP 검출에 대해 만족할 만한 결과를 얻었다. 이때의 분석소요시간은 약 15분이었다. 표준시료 STP의 검량선은 넓은 농도범위(0.02${\sim}$1.0ppm)에서 양호한 직선성을 나타냈다. 본 시험법에 의한 검출한계는 limit of detection(LOD)은 0.02ppm이었으며, 적어도 우유에서의 MRL이 0.6ppm임을 감안하면 STP를 정량적으로 정도 좋게 측정할 수 있다는 것을 확인했다. 상기의 조건하에서 실제시료인 우유에 표준 STP를 0.5ppm을 spiking한 후 SPE상에서 SCX(Strong cation exchange column)을 통한 clean-up과정을 거친 후의 STP의 limit of quantification(LOQ)는 약 0.44ppm이었으며, 이에 대한 회수율은 89.7${\pm}$2.3%(n=6)를 나타냈다. 실제 CODEX에서 권장한 우유의 MRL이 0.6ppm인 점을 감안하면 CODEX권고치에 도달할 수 있는 것으로 판단되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발 된 시험법은 지금까지 국내적으로 STP에 대한 시험법이 확립되어 있지 않은 것으로 이와 아울러 간편한 parallux와 병용해 STP에 대한 정량 및 정성 분석을 유도체화 장치 및 형광검출기를 이용해 잔류항생물질 STP에 대한 분석시험법을 개발하였다.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.390-397
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• 2019

High risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is known to be a major cause of cervical cancer, and coinfection of sexually transmitted pathogen (STP) has been reported to cause persistent HPV infection. However, the relationship between HPV and STP coinfection remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the coinfection rate with STP in high-risk human papillomavirus infected women in Busan and to collect basic data for the prevention of cervical lesions. This study was carried out in 355 women who had concurrent HPV and STP screening at Busan local hospital between January 2016 and December 2017. HPV and STP coinfection was found in 187 (52.7%) out of 355 cases. HR-HPV and STP coinfection was 82.9% higher than LR-HPV and STP coinfections 17.1%. In HR-HPV infection, Ureaplasma species was the most common pathogen (47.1%), followed by C. trachomatis (21.9%) and Mycoplasma species (12.3%). In the analysis of HR-HPV genotype according to STP, HPV 16 (12.0%) was the most frequent, followed by HPV 58 (11.6%), HPV 39 (11.1%) and HPV 52 (10.2%), but HPV 18 showed a low coinfection rate of 1.3%. According to the results of age, HR-HPV and STP coinfection rate was the highest at 41.9% among women aged 18 to 29. HR-HPV and Ureaplasma species showed the highest coinfection rates at all ages, followed by C. trachomatis and Mycoplasma species. Further studies with more samples will be needed to determine if the coinfection of HR-HPV and STPs is involved in the development of cervical tumors through histologic changes.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.349-359
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• 1997

Background : The signal pathways and their precise roles for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by endotoxin (ETX) has not been established. Since there has been several in vitro experiments suggesting that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) pathway may be responsible for endotoxin-induced inflammatory reaction, we performed in vivo experiments in the rats with the hypothesis that PKC-inhibition can effectively prevent endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Methods : We studied the role of PKC in ETX-induced ALI using PKC inhibitor (staurosporine, STP) in the rat Specific pathogen free male Sprague-Dawley weighted from 165 to 270g were used for the study. Animals were divided into the normal control (NC)-, vehicle control (VC)-, ETX-, PMA (phorbolmyristateacetate)-, STP+PMA-, and STP+ETX-group. PMA (50mg/kg) or ETX (7mg/kg) was instilled through polyethylen catheter after aseptic tracheostomy with and without STP (0.2mg/kg)-pretreatment STP was injected via tail vein 30min before intratracheal injection (IT) of PMA or ETX. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done 3-or 6-hrs after IT of PMA or ETX respectively, to measure protein concentration, total and differential cell counts. Results : The results were as follows. The protein concentrations in BALF in the PMA- and ETX-group were very higher than that of VC-group (p<0.001). When animals were pretreated with STP, the %reduction of the protein concentration in BALF was $64.8{\pm}8.5$ and $30.4{\pm}2.5%$ in the STP+PMA- and STP+ETX-group, respectively (p = 0.028). There was no difference in the total cell counts between the PMA-and VC-group (p = 0.26). However the ETX-group showed markedly increased total cell counts as compared to the VC- (p = 0.003) and PMA-group (p = 0.0027), respectively. The total cell counts in BALF were not changed after pretreatment with STP compared to the PMA- (p = 0.22) and ETX-group (p = 0.46). The percentage of PMN, but not alveolar macrophage, was significantly elevated in the PMA-, and ETX-group. Especially in the ETX-group, the percentage of PMN was 17 times higher than that of PMA (p < 0.001). The differential cell counts was not different between the PMA and STP+PMA On the contrary the STP+ETX-group showed decreased percentage of PMN (p = 0.016). There was no significant relationship between the protein concentration and the total or differential cell counts in each group. Conclusion : Pretreatment with PKC-inhibitor (staurosporine) partially but significantly inhibited ETX-induced ALI.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.452-459
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of Sea tangle powder(STP) solvent extracts as well as Maejakgwa made with STP. The STP solvent extracts were added to soybean oil at a quantity of 0.05%. The solvents used for extraction were methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and petroleum ether. Soybean oil without added STP was used as a negative control, and soybean oil samples containing 0.02% butylated hydroxy toluene(BHT) and $\alpha$-tocopherol were used as positive control, respectively. Each sample was stored at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The oxidation levels of these samples were determined by measuring their acid values, peroxide values, and thiobarbituric acid(TBA) values. The soybean oil samples containing the STP extracts had lower oxidation levels than both the negative control and $\alpha$-tocopherol positive control, and the sample containing the 0.05% methanol extracts had the lowest oxidation. According to the Rancimat method, the methanol extract(320 min) and ethanol extract(316 min) demonstrated longer induction periods as, compared to the control(253 min), $\alpha$-tocopherol(255 min), and BHT(309 min) samples. For the Maejakgwa, acid values increased over the storage period, however, the samples made with STP had lower values than the control group. Peroxide values increased rapidly for 30 days and then decreased. The TBA values of the Maejakgwa samples made with 3% and 9% STP were lower than those of the 15% STP sample and the control. In conclusion, the oxidative stability of soybean oil containing solvent extracts of STP and Maejakgwa made with STP were increased.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2013

Science and Technology Park (STP) is perceived to be a vehicle in promoting innovation-based economic growth within the framework of regional and national innovation systems. STP is a tool to encourage regional innovation and competitiveness in increasing contribution of science and technology in economic development. STP can also be a leading sector in creating conducive environment for local community's technopreneurship. In relation to the vision outlined in the 2025 Indonesian Master Plan of Acceleration and Expansion of Indonesia's Economic (MP3EI), STP is stated to be an important element in creating innovation within the framework of Special Economic Zone among six Economic Corridors. Hence, the government of Indonesia continues to encourage the development of STPs in Indonesia by involving local governments, universities, business players and stakeholders surround the area. Ultimately, STP is a platform in developing National Innovation System (NIS) and Regional Innovation System (RIS).

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the possible installation of small hydro-power plant at the discharge point of Gumi sewage treatment plant (STP) using treated wastewater. Sufficient amount of water to transfer to electric power and the selection of proper location are two essential elements for the construction of small hydro-power facility. Preliminary analysis based on site visit and existing data in Gumi STP were made. Capacity of the small hydro-power plants and exact location were determined by geomorphological condition and flow duration characteristics. Flow duration characteristics and its duration curve were identified using monthly rainfall data in Gumi STP. Relevant facts of small hydro-power system in other STP were referred to adopt to Gumi STP situation. Flowrate of treated effluents and effective head between flow chamber and the location of hydraulic turbine in Gumi STP are found to be $3.70m^3$/sec and 3.5m respectively. Electric generation rate based on this feasibility study was estimated to be 86.3kW/h. Yearly electric generation rate was expected to be 932.4MMh. Proposed small hydro-power plant construction in Gumi STP is to be reasonable.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.114-121
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• 2014

This paper presents two cases of Science and Technology Parks (STPs), from Malaysia and India, that are driven by business organisations in partnership with governments. The need to locate the STP near to a university or a research institute has been considered crucial to attract firms to the STP - but in this paper, we illustrate the efforts to develop a locally relevant STP through the cases of Pahang Bio Science in Malaysia and the ICICI Knowledge Park (now known as IKP) in Hyderabad India. These two developments are anchored by business organisations that are playing a pivotal role in their development. The government plays a supporting role in terms of policy and supplying certain complementary resources. In addition, we note that the government support also provides legitimacy for the business organisation developing the STP. In the case of the Malaysian STP, we note the approach is towards inclusive development by developing linkages to local communities, and in the case of the Indian STP, one can see the development of the STP in a dynamic way changing according to the needs of the sector. Especially interesting is the foresight by the nodal business organisations in developing the STPs.