• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2000

Since callus distraction technique was applied clinically for the correction of dentofacial deformity to the patients with hemifacial dysplasia by McCarthy in 1992, many surgeons have tried to apply this method to the maxillofacial region. But this technique has some drawbacks. One of the disadvantages of this technique is extensive scar formation in the facial area, which is a sequelae of extraoral approach for supraperiosteal dissection of the periosteum overlying the mandible. Recently, we have made an effort to perform this technique through intraoral approaches to prevent scar formation on the submandibular area and modified the design of the osteotomy, that is step osteotomy technique, to increase the raw bone surface on both osteotomized segments. The rationale for the application of this step osteotomy technique is to increase the amount of regenerated bone and the length of distraction, to avoid damage of inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle, and to increase initial stability of the splitted segments. Step osteotomy procedure can be done with fine micro-osteotomy saw through subperiosteal tunneling. Extraoral pins should be inserted before making the osteotomy. Since 1994 we have applied this technique at 8 sites In 5 patients with mandibular deficiencies: 2 cases of hemifacial microsomia, 1 case of developmental facial asymmetry and 2 cases of mandibular bony defect. Mandibular elongation have been achieved from 12 to 20mm in length. 1 out of 8 site, we experienced non-union in the case of mandibular body defect. Some skeletal relapse and growth retardation phenomenon have been observed in some cases with the longest follow-up of 48 months.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate the effects of training using a trunk control robot (TCR) system combined with conventional therapy (CT) on balance and gait abilities in persons with chronic stroke. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirty-five subjects with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to either the TCR group (n=17) or the trunk extension-training (TET) group (n=18). Both groups performed CT for 30 minutes, after which the TCR group performed TCR training and the TET group performed trunk extension training for 20 minutes. Both groups performed the therapeutic interventions 3 days per week for 6 weeks. Balance ability was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test. Gait ability was measured using the 10 m Walk Test (10MWT) and the NeuroCom Smart Balance Master. Results: TCR group showed significant improvements in static balance (weight bearing) and dynamic balance (weight shifting speed, weight shifting direction, BBS, and TUG), 10MWT, gait speed, and step width (p<0.05); step length was not significant. The TET group showed a significant partial improvement of dynamic balance (weight shifting speed, weight shifting direction, BBS, and 10MWT (p<0.05), but the improvements in static balance, TUG, gait speed, and step width and step length was not significant. Additionally, significant differences in static balance, dynamic balance (weight shifting speed, weight shifting direction, BBS, and TUG), 10MWT, gait speed, and step width were detected between groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: TCR training combined with CT is effective in improving static and dynamic balance, as well as gait abilities in persons with chronic stroke.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the internal adaptation of composite restorations using different adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Typical class I cavities were prepared in 32 human third molars. The teeth were divided into the following four groups: 3-step etch-and-rinse, 2-step etch-and-rinse, 2-step self-etch and 1-step self-etch system were used. After the dentin adhesives were applied, composite resins were filled and light-cured in two layers. Then, silver nitrate solution was infiltrated, and all of the samples were scanned by micro-CT before and after thermo-mechanical load cycling. For each image, the length to which silver nitrate infiltrated, as a percentage of the whole pulpal floor length, was calculated (%SP). To evaluate the internal adaptation using conventional method, the samples were cut into 3 pieces by two sectioning at an interval of 1 mm in the middle of the cavity and they were dyed with Rhodamine-B. The cross sections of the specimens were examined by stereomicroscope. The lengths of the parts where actual leakage was shown were measured and calculated as a percentage of real leakage (%RP). The values for %SP and %RP were compared. Results: After thermo-mechanical loading, all specimens showed significantly increased %SP compared to before thermo-mechanical loading and 1-step self-etch system had the highest %SP (p < 0.05). There was a tendency for %SP and %RP to show similar microleakage percentage depending on its sectioning. Conclusions: After thermo-mechanical load cycling, there were differences in internal adaptation among the groups using different adhesive systems.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.46-53
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• 1996

Micro drilling is one of the most important machining types and its necessity becomes more and more increasing in the whole field of industry. Micro drilling, however, has few the case of practical application, because it requests high techniques : manufacturing micro drill, treating chip, producting precise hole shape and progressing machining effeciency. Micro drilling has a technical problem: drill breakage from the lack of drill rigdity and the interuption of chip. It is, therefore, essential to select the proper cutting conditions and the step fed for the method solving the lack of rigidity and the interruption of chip. Especially, step feed is very efficient to avoid the breakage of drill, but bring about reducing of cutting efficiency. The study on step feed must be requested more than the present in the near future. The purpose of this paper is to investigate experimentally about cutting conditions which affect on tools and round errors and to estimate about the effect of step feed as well as optimal step feed size to solve the breakage of drill.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2014

Purpose: The novelty of intensive mobility training (IMT) is its intensive nature. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of IMT in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: Subjects participated in 3 hours/day for ten days (30 hours). Gait parameters of interest were the timed up-and-go test, 10-m walk test, and step length and width. Measures were made at baseline before commencement of training (pre-training) and at the end of the two-week training period (post-training). Results: Seven patients with Parkinson's disease enrolled in the study. On average, participants are able to tolerate 141 minutes of activity during a 180-minute session. Results showed that, after 10 consecutive days training, subjects significantly improved for all parameters; the timed up-and-go test, 10-m walk test, and stride length and step width. Conclusion: This study's findings show that gait properties in patients with Parkinson's disease can be improved with IMT.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2003

Body weight support treadmill training is a new and promising therapy in gait rehabilitation of patients with hemiplegia. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of body weight support treadmill training on gait and standing balance in patients with hemiplegia. Eighteen patients with hemiplegia participated in the study. A 10 m-timed walk test, measurements of step length and standing balance score were administered. Intervention consisted of body weight support treadmill training five times a week for 2 weeks. The data were analyzed by paired t-test. Body weight support treadmill training scoring of standing balance, step length and 10 m-timed walk test showed a definite improvement. Body weight support treadmill training offers the advantages of task-oriented training with numerous repetitions of a supervised gait pattern. The outcomes suggest that patients with hemiplegia can improve their gait ability and standing balance through body weight support treadmill training.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1996년도 춘계공동학술대회논문집; 공군사관학교, 청주; 26-27 Apr. 1996
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• pp.530-533
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• 1996

This paper deals with finding an initial solution and modifying search direction by the centrering force in the predictor-corrector method which is a variant of the primal-dual barrier method. These methods were tested with NETLIB problems. Initial solutions which are located close to the center of the feasible set lower the number of iterations, as they enlarge the step length. Three heuristic methods to find such initial solution are suggested. The new methods reduce the average number of iterations by 52% to at most, compared with the old method assigning 1 to initial valurs. Solutions can move closer to the central path fast by enlarging the centering force in early steps. It enlarge the step length, so reduces the number of iterations. The more effective this method is the closer the initial solution is to the boundary of the feasible set.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

These were two main purposes of this study. The first was to research the relevance between gross motor function measurement (GMFM) and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in children with cerebral palsy. The second was to research the relevance between gross motor performance measure (GMPM) and the spatiotemporal gait parameters. Twelve children ($6.0{\pm}1.8$ years) with cerebral palsy participated in this study. GMFM and GMPM were performed and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured by using WalkWay MG-1000. There were no significant correlations between the GMFM score and the stride length, step length, step width, cadence, and velocity (p>.05). The GMPM score also had no significant correlation with the spatiotemporal gait parameter (p>.05).

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to describe the gait pattern and parameters of the healthy elderly over 65years of age by the GATERite system. The subjects were sorted into two groups, depending on their sex: male and female. And female subjects were sorted into three groups, depending on their age. From time parameters and space parameters of gait cycle, between groups, the following results were made. The time parameters such as cadence, velocity, step time, single support and double support were the less the male than the female. And the higher age, the lower value except 80 age group, while no statistically significant. The space parameters(step length and stride length) were the longer the male than the female, and the higher age, the lower value while no statistically signigicant. The functional ambulation profile was high correlation with time and space parameters statistically significant.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1963-1969
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• 2009

This paper introduces method to estimate pollutant negative influence to polymer type insulator according to the international standard. To accomplish this goal, effective sample collecting method was surface was collected directly with the same dimension. Distilled Through this method pollute is easily and accurately collected. The second step is pollutant analysis. Several analyze item is selected such as quantity, conductivity, contact angle, Optical Microscope(OM), IR spectrometer(FT-IR), Equivalent Salt Deposit Density(ESDD), Thermal Analyzer(TA) and ICP-AES. The third step, best represent tunnel was selected considering location, length and natural surroundings. Also to consider the difference at inside the tunnel, several bracket insulators were selected along to the location. To make the result precise, above procedure was repeated several times at the same target. Finally relation among type of train, numbers of movement, surroundings, length will be considered in combination with the pollution. With this result pollute map for KORAIL could be accomplished and inspect period will be optimized case by case.