• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.159-168
• /
• 2008

Nanog is a newly identified member of the homeobox family of DNA binding transcription factors that functions to maintain the undifferentiated state of stem cells. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the function of Nanog remain largely unknown. To elucidate the regulatory roles of Nanog involved in maintenance of P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells, we transfected three small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes targeted against different regions of the Nanog gene into P19 cells. The Nanog siRNA-100 duplexes effectively decreased the expression of Nanog up to 30.7% compared to other two Nanog siRNAs, the Nanog siRNA-400 (67.9 %) and -793 (53.0%). When examined by RT-PCR and real-time PCR, the expression of markers for pluripotency such as Fgf4, Oct3/4, Rex1, Sox1 and Yes was downregulated at 48 h after transfection with Nanog siRNA-100. Furthermore, expression of the ectodermal markers, Fgf5 and Isl1 was reduced by Nanog knockdown. By contrast, the expression of other markers for pluripotency such as Cripto, Sox2 and Zfp57 was not affected by Nanog knockdown at this time. On the other hand, the expression of Lif/Stat3 pathway molecules and of the endoderm markers including Dab2, Gata4, Gata6 and the germ cell nuclear factor was not changed by Nanog knockdown. The results of this study demonstrated that the knockdown of Nanog expression by RNA interference in P19 cells was sufficient to modulate the expression of pluripotent markers involved in the self-renewal of EC stem cells. These results provide the valuable information on potential downstream targets of Nanog and add to our understanding of the function of Nanog in P19 EC stem cells.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.29-42
• /
• 2017

Objectives : Atopic dermatitis accompanies with severe pruritus and collapse of skin barrier, inflammation. Maifanite could be used as an ointment for skin disease. However, there have been few studies about maifanite uses for atopic dermatitis. We report the anti-inflammatory and promoting skin recovery effects of ionized maifanite on damaged skin barrier with experimentally elicited atopic dermatitis. Methods : Nc/Nga mice were divided into 3 groups: control group(CON), atopic dermatitis elicited group(AE group), ionized maifanite treated group after atopic dermatitis elicitation(MT group). After 5% SDS was applied D. pteronyssinus crude extract also applied for 3 weeks to elicit atopic dermatitis-like skin disease. MT group was treated for 3 weeks with ionized maifanite. Ionized maifanite was applied once a day and voluntarily administrated. AE group and control group were treated with normal saline in the same way. Results : In MT group, skin lesions like eczema were more improved than AE group. p-ERK1/2 positive reaction was reduced in MT group. MMP-9 and substance P positive reaction at dermal papillae was also reduced in MT group. With skin angiogram, capillary vessel decreased in MT group. Also, IL-4 positive reaction cell and STAT-6 positive reaction cell reduced more in MT group than in AE group. $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 positive reaction cell and iNOS positive reaction cell also declined more in MT group than in AE group. Conclusions : It is supposed that ionized maifanite has anti-inflammatory effects on NC/Nga mice's atopic dermatitis with suppressing IL-4 production and Th2 cell differentiation, and controlling $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.74-85
• /
• 2018

Objectives: HTD treatment is a traditional preventive therapy for neonatal inflammatory diseases such as AD. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of HTD treatments for the maintenance and formation of lipid barrier in Dermatophagoides farina-induced obese NC/Nga mice. Methods: 20 mg/kg of CRGR extracts as HTD treatments were orally administered to NC/Nga mice. To induce obesity, high fat diet was served. Dermatophagoides farina extracts was applied on the 4th-6th and 8th-10th weeks to induce AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice. Changes of skin conditions in mice were observed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results: The results showed that HTD treatments effectively maintained and formed the lipid barrier. In the experimental groups, restorations of Lass2 expression and distributions of filaggrin, involucrin, loricrin, ASM, and LXR means that HTD treatments maintained and generated the lipid barrier. In the dermal papillae, HTD treatments reduced PKC production accompanied by epidermis damage. Furthermore, levels of IL-4, and STAT6 was low. HTD treatment may be effective for preventing inflammation induced by Th2-skewed condition by suppressing the main pathway of Th2 differentiation. Conclusions: HTD treatment alleviated the inflammatory damage in the skin tissues of the NC/Nga mice by maintaining the lipid barrier and suppressing Th2 differentiation.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제48권4호
• /
• pp.491-505
• /
• 2020

A newly isolated strain, Proteus vulgaris OR34, from olive mill waste was found to secrete an alkaline extracellular lipase at 11 U·ml-1 when cultivated on an optimized liquid medium. This lipase was purified 94.64-fold with a total yield of 9.11% and its maximal specific activity was shown to be 3232.58 and 1777.92 U·mg-1 when evaluated using the pH-stat technique at 55℃ and pH 9 and Tributyrin TC4 or olive oil as the substrate. The molecular mass of the pure OR34 lipase was estimated to be around 31 kDa, as revealed by SDS-PAGE and its substrate specificity was investigated using a variety of triglycerides. This assay revealed that OR34 lipase preferred short and medium chain fatty acids. In addition, this lipase was stable in the presence of high concentrations of bile salt (NaDC) and calcium ions appear not to be necessary for its activity. This lipase was inhibited by THL (Orlistat) which confirmed its identity as a serine enzyme. In addition, the immobilization of OR34 lipase by adsorption onto calcium carbonate increased its stability at higher temperatures and within a larger pH range. The immobilized lipase exhibited a high tolerance to organic solvents and retained 60% of its activity after 10 months of storage at 4℃. Finally, the OR34 lipase was applied in biodiesel synthesis via oleic acid mediated esterification of methanol when using hexane as solvent. The best conversion yield (67%) was obtained at 12 h and 40℃ using the immobilized enzyme and this enzyme could be reused for six cycles with the same efficiency.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.151-159
• /
• 2000

목 적: 결절성 십이지장염은 내시경 검사상 십이지장에 두 개 이상의 홍반성 결절들이 보이며 주변에 염증 소견이 관찰되는 질환이다. 최근 위내시경 검사의 발달로 인해 결절성 십이지장염은 소아에서도 발생빈도가 증가하는데 아직 국내외적으로 전반적인 연구가 미미한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 소아에서 결절성 십이지장염의 임상적 및 조직병리학적 소견을 조사하여 이 질환에 대한 전반적인 이해를 도모하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 1995년 1월부터 1999년 12월까지 서울적십자병원 소아내시경실에서 시행된 상부위장관 내시경 검사상 결절성 십이지장염으로 진단된 39례를 대상으로 유병률, 성별 및 연령별 분포, 주증상, 내시경 소견과 조직병리학적 소견 및 이의 상관관계 등에 대해 후향적으로 연구를 실시하였다. 내시경 검사상 병변의 정도는 십이지장 결절의 크기와 분포에 따라 제 1, 2, 3 도로 분류하였고 십이지장의 조직병리학적 검사는 십이지장 고유층의 염증세포 침윤 정도, 상피세포 및 융모의 소실 정도에 따라 정상, 제 1, 2, 3 도로 분류하였다. 위의 조직학적 소견은 위점막의 고유판과 상피내에 염증세포의 침윤 정도 및 상피의 손상 정도에 따라 0에서 6까지 구분하였다. H. pylori의 감염 정도는 Prieto 등의 분류법에 따라 제 0, 1, 2, 3 도로 구분하였다. 십이지장에서 내시경적 소견의 정도와 조직병리학적 소견의 정도 및 H. pylori 감염 정도 간에 상관관계가 있는지 알아보기 위해 통계 프로그램으로 Graph PAD InStat의 linear regression module을 사용하여 correlation coefficient와 p-value를 구하였다. 결 과: 1) 결절성 십이지장염은 17.1%의 유병률을 나타내었고 남녀비는 1 대 2이었다. 7세부터 12세까지에서 가장 빈도(61.5%)가 높았고 주증상은 복통이 69.2%로 가장 많았다. 2) 본 질환의 내시경 등급은 제 1 도 45.7%, 제 2도 34.3%, 제 3 도 20.0%이었으며 동반된 내시경적 소견상 결절성 위염은 28.3%이었다. 3) 십이지장의 조직병리학적 검사상 제 1 도는 22.9%, 제 2 도는 54.3%, 제 3 도는 22.9%이었으며 위의 조직검사상 제 1 도는 22.9%, 제 2 도는 42.9%, 제 3 도는 25.7%, 제 4 도는 8.6%이었다. 4) 십이지장의 조직병리학적 검사상 H. pylori의 감염 정도는 제 1 도 5.7%, 제 2 도 8.6%, 제 3 도 22.9%로 37.1%의 십이지장 조직에서 H. pylori가 발견되었다. 위의 조직병리학적 검사상 H. pylori의 감염정도는 제 1 도 11.4%, 제 2 도 11.4%, 제 3 도 8.6%로 31.4%의 위 조직에서 H. pylori가 발견되었다. 5) 본 질환의 내시경적 등급과 조직병리학적 등급 간의 상관계수는 0.3983 (p=0.0178)이었고, 조직병리학적 등급과 십이지장 조직에서의 H. pylori 감염 등급간의 상관계수는 0.5154 (p=0.0018)이었다. 결 론: 결절성 십이지장염의 내시경적 등급과 조직병리학적 등급 사이에 통계적으로 의미있는 상관관계가 나타났으며(r=0.3983, p=0.0178), 또한 조직병리학적 등급과 십이지장 조직에서의 H. pylori 감염 등급간에도 통계적으로 의미있는 상관관계를보였다(r=0.5154, p=0.0018). 따라서 H. pylori 감염이 본 질환의 발생에 주요한 역할을 할 것으로 여겨지며 이외의 유발 원인에 대해서는 추후 지속적인 추적 관찰 및 보다 많은 연구가 시행되어야 하겠다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.165-169
• /
• 2005

This study was performed to offer effective basic data for selection and improvement of Korean dairy cattle through identifying distributional properties among candidate genes (bovine butyrophilin, signal transducers and activators of transcription 5a, and prolactin hormone). In this study, polymorphisms of candidate genes were identified and the relationships between loci and production traits of each gene were analyzed using frozen semen of Holstein bulls (19 proven and 77 candidates). In butyrophilin (BTN) locus, polymorphisms information contents (PIC) value of BTN2 (0.372) was higher than those of others (BTN1; 0.155, BTN3; 0.254, BTN4; 0.169). As a result of analysis of genotyping STAT5a, using single stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) method and microsatellite locus, PIC values were 0.189 and 0.457, respectively. And PIC value of prolactin hormone gene was 0.176. In the relationships between genotypes and production traits, BTN3 was associated with 305-day production traits (p<0.05). PTAs for B allele were such as 110.43, 88.28 and 75.25 in BTN1, 3, 4 and these values were higher than those of A allele, but in the case of BTN2, A allele with 154.19 was higher than that of B allele. The results obtained from using candidate genes may be used as an useful index for the genetic improvement of dairy cattle population in Korea, and further studies are needed.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.263-268
• /
• 2012

From the end of July 2012, several cases of abortion have been happened at the Korean indigenous cattle farm with 124 heads in Chungbuk province, Korea. Serological tests such as Rose-bengal test (RBT) and standard tube agglutination test (STAT) have been performed according to the standard official protocols of bovine brucellosis and 41 cattle turned out to be brucellosis-positive simultaneously. To find out the main factors of brucellosis outbreaks and spreads, additional serological, etiological and molecular investigation were applied. Totally, 11 B. abortus were isolated from 10 cattle's specimens including lymph-nodes and/or testis, and drinking water in cowhouse. In genotyping by multi-locus VNTR assay (MLVA) using 17 loci markers, the present B. abortus isolates were shown all the same pattern, D1 genotype, which has been reported in Gyeonggi and Gangwon province, Korea. These results suggest that the input of brucellosis might come from neighboring farms directly or indirectly, even if by unknown factor and expansion within farm would accelerate by materials related with aborting cows.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.833-840
• /
• 2012

This study aimed to investigate growth rate and nutrient removal efficiency of Chlorella vulgaris according to nitrogen sources and frequency of pH adjustment. Nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies were evaluated in the three different conditions using $NO_3{^-}$, $NH_4{^+}$ as a sole nitrogen source and mixed condition. Initial nutrient concentrations in artificial wastewater were 30 mg-N/L and 3 mg-P/L similar to secondary wastewater effluent. When nitrogen source was $NO_3{^-}$, there was no inhibition on the growth of C. vulgaris with adjusting pH every 24 hr while growth inhibition occurred with $NH_4{^+}$ caused by pH drop. N, P removal efficiencies were no significant depending on the nitrogen sources. As pH was adjusted to 7 by pH-stat, growth rate and nutrient removal efficiencies were increased compared to adjusting pH every 24 hr, however, growth rate and nutrient removal efficiencies were no significant depending on the nitrogen sources.

• 한국임상약학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a standardized special ethanol extract from Gynostemma pentaphyllum as a management for anxiety and stress of normal population. This is a two-arm, parallelgroup, randomized, double blind clinical trial comparing Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract 200 mg bid (GP-EX, n=48) or placebo bid (n=54). The main outcome measures were the decrease in anxiety sensitivity index (ASI), the State version (S-STAI) of the Stait-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Trait version (T-STAT) of the STAI from baseline over a 6 weeks treatment period. In more anxious group (S-STAI50 or ASI19), the anxiety in group with GP-EX was decreased significantly than one in normal population with placebo [S-STAI50: T-STAI = from $57.7{\pm}6.5$ ($mean{\pm}S.D.$) to $46.8{\pm}11.2$ in normal population with GP-EX, p=0.002 vs. from $54.1{\pm}9.9$ to $49.0{\pm}9.6$ in normal population with placebo, p>0.05; ASI19: T-STAI = from $47.2{\pm}12.0$ to $42.4{\pm}11.1$ in normal population with GP-EX, p=0.022 vs. from $48.7{\pm}11.5$ to $46.0{\pm}10.4$ in normal population with placebo, p>0.05]. The most frequently reported adverse reactions considered possibly related to treatment were mild gastrointestinal events. GP-EX is more effective than placebo and is well tolerated as a therapy for anxiety and stress of normal population.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.354-363
• /
• 2009

Cytotoxic Nitric oxide (NO) overproduced by inducible NO Synthase (iNOS or NOS2), which was induced in inflammatory reactions and immune responses directly or indirectly affects the functions as host defense and can cause normal tissue damage. Microarray analysis was performed to identify gene profiles of both NO-dependent and -independent transcripts in RAW 264.7 macrophages that use selective NOS2 inhibitors aminoguanidine ($100\;{\mu}M$) and L-canavanine (1 mM). A total of 3,297 genes were identified that were up- or down-regulated significantly over 2-fold in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated macrophages. NO-dependency was determined in the expressed total gene profiles and also within inflammatory conditions-related functional categories. Out of all the gene profiles, 1711 genes affected NO-dependently and -independently in 567 genes. In the categories of inflammatory conditions, transcripts of 16 genes (Pomp, C8a, Ifih1, Irak1, Txnrd1, Ptafr, Scube1, Cd8a, Gpx4, Ltb, Fasl, Igk-V21-9, Vac14, Mbl1, C1r and Tlr6) and 29 geneas (IL-1beta, Mpa2l, IFN activated genes and Chemokine ligands) affected NO-dependently and -independently, respectively. This NO dependency can be applied to inflammatory reaction-related functional classifications, such as cell migration, chemotaxis, cytokine, Jak/STAT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Our results suggest that LPS-induced gene transcripts in inflammation or infection can be classified into physiological and toxic effects by their dependency on the NOS2-mediated NO release.