• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.10 no.4 s.22
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• pp.61-67
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• 2002

This study is aimed to suggest a practical use of GPS continuous stations by conducting the precision analysis using its data. Currently dozens of continuous stations have been installed and operated since the first GPS continuous station built by KAO(Korea Astronomy Observation) in 1985. The utilization of the surveyed information, however, has been under-developed regardless of a significant investment, which leads the necessity of utilization plan. The results of this study show that the mis-closures between the two points at University of Incheon and Suwon/Seoul stations of NGI(National Geography Institute), Seoul stat ion of KAO, and Incheon station of MOGAHA(Ministry Of Government Administration and Home Affairs) are 0.0206m, 0.0118m, 0.0129m and 0.0024m respectively. It indicates that the analyzed mis-closures were less than the allowed values ill the primary/secondary control point specification for GPS surveying, i.e. a mis-closure less than 30mm for the distance less than 30km and a mis-closure less than $IPPM{\times}D(km)$ for the distance greater than 30km.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-60
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• 1996

Home health care is one of the important components of health care services. Today, the need and demand for the home health care is increasing. To assess the effects of home visit health services by public health nurses in health center on the stat of health, use of medical services and quality of life by elderly people living at home, a randomized controlled trial was implemented for 65 years or more old people randomly allocated to intervention(93) and control(118) group. Intervention group received 2 visits a month over 6 months. Control group received no home visits. The data was collected in a one-year follow-up survey conducted at Kyongju before and after the intervention which composed of health risk assessment, risk factor education and health related behavior counseling. The prevalence rate of chronic illness was more decreased in intervention group than control group after intervention. The intervention group visited medical facilities less frequently than control group. And the home visit health services encouraged the elderly to practice regular exercise. After the intervention, the score of ADL(activities of daily living), LSI(life satisfaction index) and SSI(social support index) in intervention group were more increased than control group. And the increase of scores was more prominent in 70 years or more old people, female, non-smoker and non-chronic illed elderly rather than others. In conclusion, the regular home visit health services provided by public health nurses were beneficial for the elderly in terms of health promotion and quality of life.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4161-4168
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• 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a worldwide health problem, being the third most commonly detected cancer in males and the second in females. Rising CRC incidence trends are mainly regarded as a part of the rapid 'Westernization' of life-style and are associated with calorically excessive high-fat/low-fibre diet, consumption of refined products, lack of physical activity, and obesity. Most recent epidemiological and clinical investigations have consistently evidenced a significant relationship between obesity-driven inflammation in particular steps of colorectal cancer development, including initiation, promotion, progression, and metastasis. Inflammation in obesity occurs by several mechanisms. Roles of imbalanced metabolism (MetS), distinct immune cells, cytokines, and other immune mediators have been suggested in the inflammatory processes. Critical mechanisms are accounted to proinflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$). These molecules are secreted by macrophages and are considered as major agents in the transition between acute and chronic inflammation and inflammation-related CRC. The second factor promoting the CRC development in obese individuals is altered adipokine concentrations (leptin and adiponectin). The role of leptin and adiponectin in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis is attributable to the activation of several signal transduction pathways (JAK/STAT, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), mTOR, and 5'AMPK signaling pathways) and multiple dysregulation (COX-2 downregulation, mRNA expression).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the factors related to vibration of temporomandibular joint during mandibular opening movement. For this study, 144 patients with temporomandibular disorders were randomly selected. Angle's classification, lateral guidance pattern, range of maximal mouth opening, preferred chewing side, and affected side were investigated clinically. Mandibular torque rotational movement during opening was recorded with $BioEGN^{(R)}$ and vibration of temporomandibular joint during opening was recorded with $Sonopak^{(R)}$. After clinical diagnosis was made, visual analogue scale(VAS) was used for evaluation of clinical progress of the subject's chief complaints. The author calculated VAS treatment index(VAS Ti) from the record of VAS. The more VAS Ti was, the less remission of subjective symptom was, The data were analyzed with SAS/Stat program and the results of this study were as follows: 1. There were no significant difference in all the variables of joint vibration by age and sex. 2. Integral and peak amplitude in patients of Angle's class I were higher than those of class II or III patients. Integral in patients of group function was higher than that in patients of canine guidance or other types of lateral excursion. 3. As to Angle's classification or lateral guidance type, there were almost not significant difference between subgroup of same class or type and subgroup of different class or type on both sides. And there were also almost not difference between one side and the other side related to preferred chewing side or affected side. 4. Patients with disk displacement with reduction showed higher value of integral and peak amplitude than any other patients. 5. Joint vibration variables significantly correlated with VAS Ti of pain. with clinical range of mouth opening, and with ingredients of mandibular torque rotational movement.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2000

The expression of $p21^{WAF1/ClP1/SDl1}$, one of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, is regulated by a variety of transcription factors including p53 and STAT. Heat shock induces the expression of p21 in a temperature- and time-dependent manner. Although the p21 induction by heat shock has been reported to be controlled by p53, a p53-independent mechanism Is also involved. To understand the p53-independent regulation of heat shock-induced p21 expression, we searched the promoter region of p21 gene and found one or two heat shock element (HSE)-like sequences in human, rat, and mouse. Electromobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that heat shock factor (HSF) could bind to these HSE-like sequences In response to heat shock, even though to a lesser extent than to HSE. In addition, p21 promoter deletion analysis revealed that heat shock activated a p21 deletion promoter construct containing the HSE-like sequences but lacking p53-binding sites, but not a promoter construct containing neither HSE-like sequences nor the p53-responsive element. Furthermore, the p21 induction by heat shook was significantly inhibited in confluent cells in which heat shock-induced HSF activation was reduced. These results suggest that the transcriptional regulation of p21 by heat shock may be mediated through activation and binding to HSE-like sequences of HSF.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.149-154
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• 2005

Secretion of the expressed heterologous proteins can reduce the stress to the host cells and is beneficial to their recovery and purification. In this study, fed-batch cultures of Escherichia coli YK537 (pAET-8) were conducted in a 5-L fermentor for the secretory production of human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) whose expression was under the control of alkaline phosphatase promoter. The effects of feeding of glucose and complex nitrogen sources on hEGF production were investigated. When the fed-batch culture was conducted in a chemically de-fined medium, the cell density was 9.68 g/L and the secreted hEGF was 44.7 mg/L in a period of 60 h. When a complex medium was used and glucose was added in pH-stat mode, the secreted hEGF was improved to 345 mg/L. When the culture was fed with glucose at a constant specific rate of $0.25\;gg^{-1}h^{-1}$, hEGF reached 514 mg/L. The effects of adding a solution containing yeast extract and tryptone were further studied. Different rate of the nitrogen source feeding resulted in different levels of phosphate and acetic acid formation, thus affected hEGF expression. At the optimal feeding rate, hEGF production achieved 686 mg/L.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1307-1314
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• 2015

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a member of the IL-6 cytokine family, having pleiotropic actions such as maintaining stem cell pluripotency and enabling blastocyst implantation. Because the action of LIF is mediated by a ligand-receptor interaction with the LIF receptor (LIF-R), an antagonist for LIF-R has been developed to inhibit LIF-induced signaling. In this study, we present a novel method for the production and purification of an antagonist to human LIF-R (hLA). His-tagged hLA was expressed in E. coli, and simple purification methods without any endopeptidase cleavage were designed. In addition, we determined the optimal temperature conditions for enhancing the production of soluble hLA. Finally, the bioactivity of His-tagged hLA was examined using STAT3 phosphorylation and receptivity of human endometrial ECC-1 cells. Our strategy provides a rapid and efficient method to produce biologically active recombinant hLA.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.647-657
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• 2021

As a pancreatic inflammatory marker, regenerating islet-derived protein 3A (Reg3A) plays a key role in inflammation-associated pancreatic carcinogenesis by promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, and regulating cancer cell migration and invasion. This study aimed to reveal a novel immuno-regulatory mechanism by which Reg3A modulates tumour-promoting responses during pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. In an in vitro Transwell system that allowed the direct co-culture of human peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and Reg3A-overexpressing/ silenced human PC cells, PC cell-derived Reg3A was found to downregulate CD80, CD83 and CD86 expression on educated DCs, increase DC endocytic function, inhibit DC-induced T lymphocyte proliferation, reduce IL-12p70 production, and enhance IL-23 production by DCs. The positive effect of tumour-derived Reg3A-educated human DCs on PC progression was demonstrated in vivo by intraperitoneally transferring them into PC-implanted severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice reconstituted with human T cells. A Reg3A-JAK2/STAT3 positive feedback loop was identified in DCs educated with Reg3A. In conclusion, as a tumour-derived factor, Reg3A acted to block the differentiation and maturation of the most important antigen-presenting cells, DCs, causing them to limit their potential anti-tumour responses, thus facilitating PC escape and progression.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.304-310
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• 2019

Interleukin-21 is a common ${\gamma}$-chain cytokine that controls the immune responses of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Targeting IL-21 to strengthen the immune system is promising for the development of vaccines as well as anti-infection and anti-tumor therapies. However, the practical application of IL-21 is limited by the high production cost. In this study, we improved IL-21 production by codon optimization and selection of appropriate signal peptide in CHO-K1 cells. Codon-optimized or non-optimized human IL-21 was stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells. IL-21 expression was 10-fold higher for codon-optimized than non-optimized IL-21. We fused five different signal peptides to codon-optimized mature IL-21 and evaluated their effect on IL-21 production. The best result (a 3-fold increase) was obtained using a signal peptide derived from human azurocidin. Furthermore, codon-optimized IL-21 containing the azurocidin signal peptide promoted $IFN-{\gamma}$ secretion and STAT3 phosphorylation in NK-92 cells similar to codon-optimized IL-21 containing original signal peptide. Collectively, these results indicate that codon optimization and azurocidin signal peptides provide an efficient approach for the high-level production of IL-21 as a biopharmaceutical.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.235-249
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• 2021

Leptin is a type of adipokine mainly produced by adipocytes and reported to be overproduced in prostate cancer. However, it is not known whether it stimulates the proliferation of prostate cells. In this study, we investigated whether benign prostatic hyperplasia epithelial cells (BPH-1 cells) infected with Trichomonas vaginalis induced the proliferation of prostate cells via a leptin signaling pathway. To investigate the effect of crosstalk between adipocyte leptin and inflamed epithelial cell in proliferation of prostate cells, adipocytes 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in conditioned medium of BPH-1 cells infected with T. vaginalis (T. vaginalis-conditioned medium, TCM), and then the adipocyte-conditioned medium (ATCM) was identified to cause proliferation of prostate cells. BPH-1 cells incubated with live T. vaginalis released pro-inflammatory cytokines, and conditioned medium of these cells caused migration of adipocytes. When prostate stromal cells and BPH-1 cells were incubated with adipocyte conditioned medium containing leptin, their growth rates increased as did expression of the leptin receptor (known as OBR) and signaling molecules such as JAK2/STAT3, Notch and survivin. Moreover, blocking the OBR reduced this proliferation and the expression of leptin signaling molecules in response to ATCM. In conclusion, our findings show that inflamed BPH-1 cells infected with T. vaginalis induce the proliferation of prostate cells through leptin-OBR signaling. Therefore, it is likely that T. vaginalis contributes to prostate enlargement in BPH via adipocyte leptin released as a result of inflammation of the prostate.