• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.457-461
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 A. blazei의 DO-스탯 현탁 유가식 배양을 통하여 균사체 및 세포외 다당체 생산을 극대화하고자 하였다. 탄소원만을 포함하는 기질 공급액을 사용하는 경우보다 질소원이 적절히 첨가된 혼합 기질 공급액을 사용하는 것이 균사체 및 세포외 다당체 생산에 보다 효과적이었다. 기질공급액 중의 탄소원 조성을 달리하여 실험을 수행한 결과, 덱스트린을 배제하고 포도당만을 탄소원으로 사용하였을 때 가장 높은 균사체 및 세포외 다당체 생산성을 얻을 수 있었다. 이 때의 균사체 농도 및 생산성은 각각 36.5 g/l, 0.37g/l-h이었으며, 세포외 다당체 농도 및 생산성은 각각 10.9 g/l, 0.11 g/l-h이었다. 이는 회분식 배양 결과와 비교하여 균사체 농도 및 생산성 면에서는 각각 6배 및 2.2배, 세포외 다당체 농도 및 생산성 면에서는 각각 4.7배 및 1.8배 증가한 값이다. 이상의 결과들로부터 A. blazei의 고농도 균사체 배양을 위해 유가식 배양 방법이 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.397-405
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• 2023

항산화제로서 산화적 손상의 방지에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려진 glutathione (GSH)의 면역 조절에 대한 연구는 현재까지 제대로 이루어지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 우리는 환원형 GSH인 luthione^®이 RAW 264.7 세포에서 면역 강화 효과가 있는지를 조사하였다. 유세포 분석 및 면역 형광 실험의 결과에 의하면, luthione은 대조군 세포에 비해 대식세포의 대표적인 기능인 식세포 활성을 luthione 처리 농도 의적으로 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, cytokine array의 결과에 의하면, IL-5, IL-1β와 IL-27의 발현이 luthione이 처리된 세포에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 아울러 luthione에 의한 TNF-α 및 IL-1β의 생성 증가는 그들의 단백질 발현 증가를 통해 이루어졌으며, NO 및 PGE₂와 같은 면역 매개체 유리의 증가는 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현 증가와 관련이 있었으며, 이는 M1 대식세포 분화 마커인 CD86 발현의 증가와 연관성이 있었다. 그리고 heatmap 분석을 통하여 SOCS1/3 매개 STAT/JAK 신호 전달 경로가 luthione에 의한 면역 조절 증가에 관여함을 확인하였다. 결론적으로, 우리의 결과는 luthione이 M1 macrophage polarization의 분자 조절자로 작용하여 면역 능력을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국자기학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.182-186
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• 2010

Cobalt가 치환된 NiZnCu ferrite의 소결 및 자기적 성질에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구 하였다. 칩인덕터용 $Ni_{0.36-x}Co_xZn_{0.44}Cu_{0.22}Fe_{1.98}O_4(0{\leq}x{\leq}0.04)$를 고상반응법으로 제조하였다. 소결조제를 사용하지 않고 $880{\sim}920^{\circ}C$에서 공기중 2시간 열처리 하였으며 초투자율, 품질계수 Q, 밀도, 수축율, 포화자화, 및 보자력을 측정하였다. Cobalt가 치환된 NiZnCu ferrite는 품질계수 Q를 증가시켰으며 칩인덕터용으로 사용 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 품질계수 Q는 치환량이 x = 0.01까지 증가한 후 x = 0.01 이후로 급격히 감소하였다. Cobalt의 치환량이 증가함에 따라 초투자율 및 밀도값은 감소하였다. $900^{\circ}C$에서 소성된 $Ni_{0.35}Co_{0.01}Zn_{0.44}Cu_{0.22}Fe_{1.98}O_4$ 토로이달 core 샘플의 경우 1 MHz에서 측정 시 초투자율값은 130이었고 품질계수 Q값은 230으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 명월초 우육 소시지를 개발하여 품질특성 및 관능적 특성의 최적화를 통하여 생리활성을 갖는 식품 소재를 이용한 기능성 우육 소시지로서의 식품 개발 가능성을 타진해보고자 하였다. 1. 명월초 우육 소시지의 제조를 위하여 명월초 분말과 올리브유(B)의 양을 독립변수로 설정하였으며 Design-Expert version 8 프로그램(Stat-Ease, Inc.)을 이용하여 실험을 설계하고 결과를 분석한 후 명월초 우육 소시지의 최적 배합 비율을 도출하였다. 2. 명월초 우육 소시지의 이화학적 실험결과 염도(p<0.01)와 수분함량(p<0.001)의 항목에서 유의적 차이를 보였다. 명월초 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH와 수분함량은 감소하였으나 염도는 큰 변화가 없었다. 올리브유의 첨가량이 증가할수록 pH는 감소하였고, 수분함량은 큰 변화가 없었고, 염도는 크게 감소하다가 조금 증가하였다. 3. 명월초 우육 소시지의 기계적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 가열감량, 색도(명도, 적색도, 황색도)와 조직감(경도, 부착성, 탄력성, 씹힘성, 검성, 응집성)을 측정하였다. 가열감량(p<0.01), 색도 중 a값(p<0.01), b값(p<0.05)의 유의성이 인정되었고, 조직감에서는 씹힘성(p<0.001)과 응집성(p<0.01) 항목에서 유의성이 인정되었다. 명월초 우육 소시지의 부착성, 씹힘성, 검성, 응집성은 올리브유의 첨가량이 증가할수록 크게 감소하였고, 씹힘성과 검성은 명월초 분말에 비해 올리브유의 첨가량이 큰 영향을 받았다. 4. 명월초 우육 소시지의 관능적 최적점을 도출하기 위하여 색, 풍미, 맛, 부드러움, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도의 관능검사 분석 결과 색(p<0.05), 풍미(p<0.05), 부드러움(p<0.05), 조직감(p<0.01), 전반적인 기호도(p<0.01) 항목에서 유의적인 결과를 나타내어 모델의 적합성이 인정되었고 맛에 대한 기호도는 유의적이지 않았다. 모든 항목에서 명월초 분말과 올리브유의 첨가량이 증가할수록 점차 증가하다가 일정 시점 이후로 감소하였다. 5. 명월초 우육 소시지의 최적화는 독립변수인 명월초 분말(A)과 올리브유(B)의 범위 내에서 관능검사 항목 중 유의적으로 나온 결과만을 최대로 설정하여 모델화에 의해 결정된 반응식을 이용하여 만족하는 수치점을 예측한 결과, 명월초 분말 2.1 g, 올리브유 7.06 g으로 명월초 우육 소시지의 최적 배합 비율로 산출되었다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2008

응답면기법(RSM, Response surface method)은 복잡한 구조물의 매우 작은 발생확률이나 신뢰성해 석에서 폭넓게 사용된다. MCS(Monte-Carlo Simulation)방법은 어떤 시스템의 평가에서도 사용될 수 있으나 해석시간이 파괴확률의 역수에 비례하게 되어 발생확률이 매우 희박한 시스템의 평가에 불리하다. 확률유한요소해석법은 이러한 MCS의 한계점을 해결해 줄 수 있는 대안이 될 수 있다. 그러나 이 방법은 평균과 표준편차 등이 모델링 (내부 프로그래밍)된 특별한 프로그램에서만 적용 가능하며 임의의 범용소프트웨어의 응답을 모델링하거나 임의의 프로그램의 특성을 이용할 수가 없다. RSM방법은 복잡한 구조시스템에서 응답에 대한 회귀모델을 구성하여 효율적인 해석단계를 통해 시간과 노력을 획기적으로 절감시킬 수 있다. 그러나 RSM의 정확도는 한계상태방정식의 선형성과 축점간의 거리에 영향을 받게 된다. 이런 단점을 해결하기 위해 한계상태방정식의 선형성과 무관하게 정확한 수렴해를 구하기 위한 개선된 적응적 응답면기법을 개발하고 선형과 2차형식의 응답면방정식에 대한 2가지 예를 들어 검증하였다. 검증결과 가장 효율적인 RSM기법을 결정하였다. 개발된 선형적응적가중응답 면기법 (linear adaptive weighted response surface method, LAW-RSM)은 비적응적이거나 비가중형식의 2차 RSM기법에 비해서 정해의 신뢰성지수에 가장 근접한 정확성과 수렴성을 나타낸다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2015

Cordyceps species including Cordyceps bassiana are a notable anti-cancer dietary supplement. Previously, we identified several compounds with anti-cancer activity from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana. To expand the structural value of Cb-BF-derived anti-cancer drugs, we employed various chemical moieties to produce a novel Cb-BF-derived chemical derivative, KTH-13-amine-monophenyl [4-isopropyl-2-(1-phenylethyl) aniline (KTH-13-AMP)], which we tested for anti-cancer activity. KTH-13-AMP suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and C6 glioma cells. KTH-13-AMP also dose-dependently induced morphological changes in C6 glioma cells and time-dependently increased the level of early apoptotic cells stained with annexin V-FITC. Furthermore, the levels of the active full-length forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased. In contrast, the levels of total forms of caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were decreased in KTH-13-AMP treated-cells. We also confirmed that the phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/p85, which is linked to cell survival, was diminished by treatment with KTH-13-AMP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that this compound can be used to guide the development of an anti-cancer drug or serve as a lead compound in forming another strong anti-proliferative agent.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.331-344
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to identify a support method for the introduction of metaverse-based classes (MBC) in home economics (HE) education. This was achieved by diagnosing the stages of concern and levels of use exhibited by HE teachers applying the concerns-based adoption model (CBAM). Questionnaires were sent to a convenience sample of middle- and high-school HE teachers using the KSDC (Korea Social Science Data Center). Overall, 271 responses were received, and the data were analyzed using KSDC E-STAT 3.0 and SPSS 28.0.1.1. The results were as follows: First, regarding the level of knowledge of MBC, the introductory level was the most common (139 respondents, 51.3%,), followed by the beginner level (81, 29.9%), the intermediate level (28, 10.3%,), the advanced level (12, 4.4%), and the master level (11, 4.1%). Average responses on a 5-point Likert scale to questions about the use of metaverse in HE classes were as follows: possibility (4.02), necessity (3.82), and usefulness (3.90). Second, HE teachers' stages of concern in MBC were as follows (in descending order): unconcerned - stage 0, and information - stage 1 (86.9), personal - stage 2 (85.6), management - stage 3 (80.9), collaboration - stage 5 (57.5), consequence - stage 4 (57.4), and refocusing - stage 6 (55.2). Third, the use of MBC was highest for orientation - level 1 (173 respondents, 63.8%), followed by non-use - level 0 (34, 12.5%), preparation - level 2 (29, 10.7%), mechanical - level 3 (15, 5.5%), refinement - level 5 (8, 3.0%), renewal - level 7 (8, 3.0%), routine - level 4 (3, 1.1%), and integration - level 6 (1, 0.4%). Many HE teachers had heard about MBC but were in the introductory level of not knowing what it is, and at the stage of being unconcerned or wanting to know about MBC. Of the 271 respondents, only 35 used metaverse in classes. Therefore, it is necessary to provide teacher training opportunities that provide basic information on the significance and implementation of MBC for HE teachers. Also, an MBC guideline book should be developed and distributed to HE teachers. Finally, a teacher community meeting is needed to share the expertise of teachers with substantial experience in using MBC.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.291-306
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• 1995

Mandibular movement is composed of border movement and functional movement. Border movement such as maximal mouth opening, hinge opening ad lateral eccentric movement has good reproducibility, but functional movement such as chewing, swallowing and speech has also reproducibility. Especially for chewing movement, individual reproducibility has been confirmed by many studies. Study of chewing pattern is still in controversy. In new approach for raising the diagnostic value, numeric parameters and morphologic characteristics could be used for evaluation of chewing pattern. This study was performed to investigate the differences between chewing pattern in controls and in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Sixty-three patients with temporomandibular disorders participated in this study, and they were divided into unilaterally affected subjects or bilaterally affected subjects. Then unilaterally affected subjects were classified into closed lock group, disk displacement with reduction group, and degenerative joint disease group. For recording of chewing pattern, subjects were asked to chew one piece of presoftened chewing gum on both sides, and the chewing movement was recorded with the Electrognatho- Graphy(Bio-Research Associates Inc., U.S.A.). Tooth contact pattern for occlusal stability (Total left-right statistics )was also recorded with T-Scan(Tekscan Co., U.S.A.). The dta related to chewing pattern and total left-right statistics were statistically analyzed by SAS/stat program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In patient group, mean value of A-P distance and the ratio of A-P distance to vertical distance were larger than control group, but the value of lateral distance in affected side and the closing velocity in unaffected side were smaller than that of control group, respectively. 2. In case of unilateral affected patients, chewing pattern of other side had tendency to restricted movement and slow velocity in closed lock group or degenerative joint disease group than control group or disk displacement with reduction group. 3. In bilateral degenerative joint disease patients, contralateral side had tendency to large range of motion and slow chewing velocity than preferred chewing side. 4. The patients with restricted mouth opening below than 35mm had higher value of total left-right statistics than patient group mouth opening above 35mm. Also closed lock group had higher total left-right statistics than disk displacement with reduction group, degenerative joint disease group and control group. 5. There was some difference in morphologic characteristics of chewing pattern between in control group and in affected side of unilateral patient group, but no difference between control group and unaffected side of unilateral patient group. 6. There were positive correlations between vertical distance and A-P distance, between vertical distance and chewing velocity, between A-P distance and chewing velocity, and between opening velocity and closing velocity in unilateral affected patients.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.361-376
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the head and neck postre and the cervical curvature, especially in forward head postrue(FHP). Sixty patients with craniomandibular disorders and thirty dental students without any signs and symptoms of craniomandibular disordres participated in this study as patient groups and sa control group, respectively. The author evaluated the head and neck posture of all subjects by plumb line and CROM( Cervical Ragne of Motion), and had taken cephaograph in natural head position. On the cephalograph the angle of cervical inclination formed by true horizntal plane and 4th cervical vertebra(C4) and the radius of cervical curvature from C1 to C5 were measured. A specially designed ruler was used for measuring cervical curvature. Occlusal contac number and force with T-scan system, electromygraphic activity of cervical muscles with Bio-EMG, and distance of freeway space with Bio-ECN were recorded, respectively. The collected data were processed by SAS/STAT progrm. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In subjects with longer radius which was less cervical curvature, head positioned more anteriorly than subjects with smaller radius, and they showed slightly straight cervical vertebra. 2. Between the patients and the control group, there were no differences in cervical curvature, in forward head position by plumb line and in CROM. But the patient group had a greater cervical inclination than the control group had. 3. There were positive correlation between cervical curvature and forward head position by plumbline,between forward head position y plumb line and that by CROM in patient group. The cervical inclination, however, had negative correlation with cervical curvature, and with forward head postion by plumb line, respectively. 4. In case of showing more cervical curvature and more forward head position by plumb line the head position was defined as forward head posture. In patient group, subjects without forward head posture showed greater posterior teeth contact force than subjects with forward head posture, but in control group, there were no difference between the two subjects. 5. There were higher electromyographic activity in almost all muscles and smaller freeway space in induced forward head posture than those in natural head position in subjects without forward head posture. In conclusion, head position of patients with craniomandibular disorders were not more anterior than that of normal control person, but they had tendency to head extension. From the result of this study, forward head posture could be defined as posterior rotation of upper cervical segment with a straight lower cercial segment due to loss of normal lordosis.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2011

Background: Facet joint disease plays a major role in axial low-back pain. Few diagnostic tests and imaging methods for identifying this condition exist. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is reported that it has a high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing facet disease. We prospectively evaluated the use of bone scintigraphy with SPECT for the identification of patients with low back pain who would benefit from medial branch block. Methods: SPECT was performed on 33 patients clinically suspected of facet joint disease. After SPECT, an ultrasound guided medial branch block was performed on all patients. On 28 SPECT-positive patients, medial branch block was performed based on the SPECT findings. On 5 negative patients, medial branch block was performed based on clinical findings. For one month, we evaluated the patients using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index. SigmaStat and paired t-tests were used to analyze patient data and compare results. Results: Of the 33 patients, the ones who showed more than 50% reduction in VAS score were assigned 'responders'. SPECT positive patients showed a better response to medial branch blocks than negative patients, but no changes in the Oswestry disability index were seen. Conclusions: SPECT is a sensitive tool for the identification of facet joint disease and predicting the response to medial branch block.