• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-154
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• 2006

Results: 1. In the AlPR-HA group, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IL-6,\;IFN-{\gamma},\;TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta},\;IgG,\;IgM,\;Anti-collagen\;II$ in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 3. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IFN-{\gamma:,\;IFN-{\gamma}\;/IL-4$ in spleen cell culture of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 4. In the Hematoxylin and eosin stain, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the AIPR-HA group. 5. In the Masson's trichrome stain, the collagen fiber expressions were similar with that of the Normal group. 6. In the AlPR-HA group, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. 7. In the AlPR-HA group, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in the CIA mouse joint and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in the CIA mouse lymph nodes were significantly decreased. 8. In the AIPR-HA group, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells were significantly decreased in the CIA mouse spleen cell and were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. Conclusions: These results suggest that AlPR-HA at 51'36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.22.1-22.6
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• 2020

Introduction: Facial fractures (FFs) occur after high- and low-energy trauma; differences in associated injuries and outcomes have not been well articulated. Objective: To compare the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of patients suffering FFs from high-energy and low-energy mechanisms. Methods: We conducted a 6-year retrospective local trauma registry analysis of adults aged 18-55 years old that suffered a FF treated at the Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital. Fracture patterns, concomitant injuries, procedures, and outcomes were compared between patients that suffered a high-energy mechanism (HEM: motor vehicle crash, bicycle crash, auto versus pedestrian, falls from height > 20 feet) and those that suffered a low-energy mechanism (LEM: assault, ground-level falls) of injury. Results: FFs occurred in 123 patients, 25 from an HEM and 98 from an LEM. Rates of Le Fort (HEM 12% vs. LEM 3%, P = 0.10), mandible (HEM 20% vs. LEM 38%, P = 0.11), midface (HEM 84% vs. LEM 67%, P = 0.14), and upper face (HEM 24% vs. LEM 13%, P = 0.217) fractures did not significantly differ between the HEM and LEM groups, nor did facial operative rates (HEM 28% vs. LEM 40%, P = 0.36). FFs after an HEM event were associated with increased Injury Severity Scores (HEM 16.8 vs. LEM 7.5, P <0.001), ICU admittance (HEM 60% vs. LEM 13.3%, P <0.001), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (HEM 52% vs. LEM 15%, P <0.001), cervical spine fractures (HEM 12% vs. LEM 0%, P = 0.008), truncal/lower extremity injuries (HEM 60% vs. LEM 6%, P <0.001), neurosurgical procedures for the management of ICH (HEM 54% vs. LEM 36%, P = 0.003), and decreased Glasgow Coma Score on arrival (HEM 11.7 vs. LEM 14.2, P <0.001). Conclusion: FFs after HEM events were associated with severe and multifocal injuries. FFs after LEM events were associated with ICH, concussions, and cervical spine fractures. Mechanism-based screening strategies will allow for the appropriate detection and management of injuries that occur concomitant to FFs. Type of study: Retrospective cohort study. Level of evidence: Level III.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.110-116
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• 1988

The response of forage yield was studied with various growth indices to develop yield model and to determine optimum cutting time in three cultivars of orchardgrass. 1. Number of tiller per plant was the highest at 3rd cutting stage. But, it was decreased rapidly at 4th cutting stage. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was the highest at 3rd cutting stage. LAI was increased slowly during 15 days to 20 days after cutting and thereafter increased rapidly. 2. In dry matter yield over cutting stages, 1st cutting and 3rd cutting stages were higher yield than others. Change of dry matter yield was similar to that of LAI in all cutting stages. 3. Leaf Elongation Rate (LER) and Specific Leaf Weight (SLW) were reached to maximum at 20 to 25 days and 25 to 30 days after cutting, respectively. 4. Dry matte yield was highly correlated with LAI (r-0.905)and with CGR (r-0.962) over three cultivars. Also, LAI was significantly with LER. The best-fit yield model was obtained in multiple regression equation which included both dependent variables of LAI and CGR. 5. Optimum cutting times which were determined by the relationships between D.M. yield and LAI, and between D.M. yield and CGR, were ranged from 32 days to 36 days depend on each cutting stages.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.110-116
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• 1988

The response of forage yield was studied with various growth indices to develop yield model and to determine optimum cutting time in three cultivars of orchardgrass 1. Number of tiller per plant was the highest at 3rd cutting stage. But, it was decreased rapidly at 4th cutting stage. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was the highest at 3rd cutting stage. LA1 was increased slowly during 15 days to 20 days after cutting and thereafter increased rapidly. 2. In dry matter yield over cutting stages, 1st cutting and 3rd cutting stages were higher yield than others. Change of dry matter yield was similar to that of LA1 in all cutting stages. 3. Leaf Elongation Rate (LER) and Specific Leaf Weight (SLW) were reached to maximum at 20 to 25 days and 25 to 30 days after cutting, respectively, 4. Dry matter yield was highly correlated with LA1 (r=0.905)and with CGR (r=0.962) over three cultivars. Also, LA1 was significantly with LER. The best-fit yield model was obtained in multiple regression equation which included both dependent variables of LA1 and CGR. 5. Optimum cutting times which were determined by the relationships between D.M. yield and LAI, and between D.M. yield and CGR, were ranged from 32 days t o 36 days depend on each cutting stages.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2012

Background: Neck and shoulder pain (NSP) is fairly common in adolescents, which is associated with a high prevalence of NSP found during adulthood as well; therefore, its significance during adolescence should not be underestimated. We surveyed the prevalence of recurrent NSP, lifestyle, and risk factors in Korean high school students, and examined the influence of recurrent NSP on the quality of life. Methods: Nine hundred thirty one male students (16-19 years old) from two academic high schools in Seoul were included in this study. The survey consisted of a questionnaire to assess the prevalence of recurrent NSP, with questions regarding having an occurrence more than once a week, characteristics of NSP, activity and lifestyle of the students, and the risk factors for recurrent NSP. A 36-item Short Form questionnaire was also examined. Results: We found that 44.3% of the high school students surveyed had recurrent NSP (more than once a week) and the overall prevalence of NSP was 79.1%. The average sitting time was $10.2{\pm}2.7$ h/day. 59.0% did not sit straight, 14.7% used assisting devices during reading, and 11.9% answered that they stretched regularly. Found from their self assessed health, frequent fatigue and frequent depressed mood presented significant associations with the higher prevalence of recurrent NSP. Conclusions: Korean high school students had a high prevalence of recurrent NSP. Clinical attention is needed for the prevention and resolution of recurrent NSP found in high school students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.446-455
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• 1985

A total and consecutive 156 patients have undergone cardiac valve surgery including 13 closed mitral commissurotomy, 13 open mitral commissurotomy, one mitral annuloplasty, 75 mitral valve replacement, one aortic annuloplasty, 24 aortic valve replacement, 3 tricuspid valve replacement, 25 double valve replacement and one triple valve replacement. 155 prosthetic valves were replaced in a period between September 1976 and August 1985. There were 68 males and 88 females with age range from 8 to 69 yrs [mean 36.5 yr]. Out of replaced valves, 61 was tissue valve including 54 Carpentier-Edwards, and 4 was mechanical valves including 74 St. Jude Medical, and the position replaced was 101 valves for mitral, 46 for aortic and 8 for tricuspid. Single valve replacement in 102 cases, double valve replacement in 25 cases [17 for AVR+MVR, and 8 for MVR+TVR], and only one case was noted in the triple valve replacement. Early mortality within 30 days after operation was noted in 11 cases [7%]; 7 after MVR, 2 after DVR, and each one after open mitral commissurotomy and mitral annuloplasty. Cause of death was valve thrombus, cerebral air embolism, low output syndrome, uncontrollable arrhythmia, parapneumonic sepsis, acute cardiac tamponade and left atrial rupture. 7 late deaths were noted during the follow-up period from 1 to 104 months [average 48 month]; three due to valve and left atrial thrombus formation, two due to CVA from overdose of warfarin, and each one due to congestive heart failure and chronic constrictive pericarditis, Anticoagulants after prosthetic valve replacement were maintained with warfarin, dipyridamole and aspirin to the level of around 50% of normal prothrombin time in 79 cases, and Ticlopidine with aspirin in 47 cases to compare the result of each group. There were 11 major thromboembolic episodes including 3 deaths in the warfarin group. Two cases of CVA due to overdose of warfarin was noted in the warfarin group. In the ticlopidine group, there was only one left atrial thrombus confirmed at the time of autopsy. Among the survived 138 cases, nearly all cases[136 cases] were included in NYHA functional class I and II during the follow-up period. In conclusion, surgical treatment of the cardiac valve disease in 156 clinical cases revealed excellent result with acceptable operative risk and late mortality. Prevention of thrombus formation with anti-platelet aggregator Ticlopidine has better result than warfarin group presently with no specific side effect such as bleeding or gastrointestinal trouble.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.496-500
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• 1991

To obtain information on the forage yield and quality of barley, wheat and triticale, fresh and dry yields and chemical components of respective local varieties for each species were measured at heading stage, 7th day after heading (DAH), 14th DAH, 21st DAH and yellow ripe stage. Fresh yield of triticale was higher than those of barley and wheat at all stages. The time of optimum forage moisture for silage was 24-31 DAH in barley, 24-35DAH in wheat and 25-34 in triticale, The percentage content of protein and fat of barley were higher than those of wheat and triticale. Optimum cutting time for silage as proposed with the observa. tions that for barley and wheat it was at 23DAH, and for triticale at 24DAH. In relation to the optimum transplanting time of rice, barley was considered the most suitable species for whole crop silage in the central region of Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medicine treatments on a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: We treated 1 case of systemic lupus erythematosus patient with Korean herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxibustion and pharmaco-acupuncture. Patient is a 44-year-old woman, who suffered from general body weakness, arthralgia and foamy urine. She was treated with Samilshinki-hwan-gami and Oryeong-san-gami. Patient is taken acupuncture at GV20, CV12, LI4, LR3, ST36, BL23, BL25 and moxibustion at CV4. We injected pharmaco-acupuncture at BL23, BL25. Results: After treatments the patient recovered from foamy urine, reduced general body weakness, arthralgia. Conclusions: This study suggests that Korean medicine treatments have significant effect on reducing symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of Oriental treatments on one patient who was diagnosed to Crohn's disease. Methods: One patient was diagnosed as Crohn's disease by physician. We used acupuncture and moxibustion at 曲池(LI11), 天樞(S25), 足三里(ST36), 合谷(LI4) and (GL25), 2 times per week about one month. We analyzed the change symptom by Crohn's disease activity index(Harvey-Bradshaw index) before and after treatment. Results: After treating acupuncture and moxibustion in the case, We found out that the Crohn's disease activity index score was significantly improved after treatment. First the number of liquid or very soft stool was decreased to 2 times a day and the stools became more solid condition. The abdominal pain and use of anti-diarrhea medication score came to none. The well being score set slightly below poor condition. Conclusions: These result suggest acupuncture, moxibustion were effective to Crohn's disease clinical symptom. These could help patient ordinary life by reducing abdominal pain and diarrhea.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2015

Purpose: This research was aimed at evaluating the differences in depression by skinfold thickness, and the relationship between two variables. Methods: Research design was a non-experimental descriptive survey. Using a caliper, we measured skinfold thickness on the triceps, and then on the suprailiac, and the mid-thigh. Depression was evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (GDS-SF). Data were collected for one month from Sept 1st to 30th, 2011. There were 52 subjects, 25 of which were from elderly welfare centers and 27 were hospitalized. Results: Subjects were an average age of $76.4{\pm}4.45$, and the incidence rate of depression (${\geq}6$) was 36.5% and those who had a sum of 3 skinfolds over 62 mm were 22.7%. The GDS-SF was significantly different in only the suprailiac skinfold thickness (F=7.25, p<.05). Conclusion: Findings indicate that depression is different based on suprailiac thickness in older adult women at elderly welfare centers and those who were hospitalized in an medical ward. It suggests that the suprailiac skinfold may be an indicator of abdominal obesity when considering depression in elderly women. Further study is needed to evaluate a cutoff score of skinfold thickness in obesity for older adult women.