• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate acupoints and muscles used for cosmetic acupuncture. We want most clinicians practicing cosmetic acupuncture to understand theoretical background well and to treat cosmetic diseases more diversely by this paper. Methods : We collected useful informations from some books and websites about cosmetic acupuncture and thus could select major acupoints and muscles. Conculsions : The most frequently used acupoints for cosmetic acupoints are as follows ; LI20, ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST8, SI18, SI19, BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4, TE17, TE18, TE19, TE20, TE21, TE22, TE23, GB1, GB2, GB3, GB4, GB5, GB6, GB7, GB8, GB13, GB14, GV20, GV21, GV22, GV23, GV24, GV25, GV26 and CV24. And head and neck muscles including SCM muscle, plastyma, frontalis, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, auricularis, temporalis, masseter, pterygoid, zygomaticus and risorius can be used for cosmetic acupuncture. Most acupoints and muscles are located in face and head, which seemed to be concerned with formation of face wrinkles.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.18-27
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• 2016

Background: It is not clear whether ginseng affects cyclosporine A (CsA)-induced desirable immunosuppressive action. In this study, we evaluated the immunological influence of combined treatment of ginseng with CsA. Methods: Using CD4+ T cells from mouse spleens stimulated with the T cell receptor (TCR) or allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), we examined the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), and their cytokine production during treatment by Korean Red Ginseng extract (KRGE) and/or CsA. The influence of KRGE on the allogeneic T cell response was evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We also evaluated whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT5 are implicated in this regulation. Results: Under TCR stimulation, KRGE treatment did not affect the population of CD4+interferon gamma ($IFN{\gamma}$)+ and CD4+interleukin (IL)-4+ cells and their cytokine production compared with CsA alone. Under the Th17-polarizing condition, KRGE significantly reduced the number of CD4+IL-17+ cells and CD4+/phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3)+ cells, but increased the number of CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3 (Foxp3)+ cells and CD4+/p-STAT5+ cells compared with CsA alone. In allogeneic APCs-stimulated CD4+ T cells, KRGE significantly decreased total allogeneic T cell proliferation. Consistent with the effects of TCR stimulation, KRGE reduced the number of CD4+IL-17+ cells and increased the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cells under the Th17-polarizing condition. Conclusion: KRGE has immunological benefits through the reciprocal regulation of Th17 and Treg cells during CsA-induced immunosuppression.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2013

Objectives: The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of treatment with Hominis Placental pharmacopuncture (HPP) for 32 patients with hemifacial spasm. Methods: We treated facial spasm patients with acupuncture and HPP at Sabaek (ST2), Seung-eup (ST1), Gwallyeo (SI18), Chanjuk (BL2), Sajukgong (TE23), Hagwan (ST7), Hyeopgeo (ST6), Jichang (ST4), Wan-gol (SI4) and Yepung (TE17), and we investigated the effect by using Scott's scale. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS/10.0 for windows program with descriptive statistics, the paired t-test, and the Shapiro-Wilk normality test. Results: After treatment, the grade of the spasm's intensity based on Scott's description were decreased significantly. About 72% of the patients felt that the combination treatment had produced excellent results. Conclusion: These data suggested that HPP can be useful for treating facial spasm patients.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.370-374
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• 2005

Bacteriocin ST311LD is approximately 2.3 kDa in size. Low levels of bacteriocin activity were recorded in BHI and M17 broth (800 AU/ml) and in $10\%$ (w/v) soy milk (3,200 AU/ml). No bacteriocin pro-duction was recorded in $10\%$ (w/v) molasses, despite good growth. Optimal levels (12,800 AU/ml) were detected in MRS broth which had been supplemented with tryptone (20.0 g/l), saccharose (5.0 or 10.0 g/l) or vitamin C (1 ppm). Increased potassium levels did not result in higher levels of activity, and glycerol (1.0 g/l) inhibited the production of bacteriocin ST311LD.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1255-1263
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• 2008

The efficiency of PP-g-AA and PP-g-St nonwoven fabric synthesized by photoinduced polymerization as an adsorbent for removal $NH_3-N$ from waste water was evaluated. The results evidently indicate that the adsorption capacities of $NH_3-N$ onto PP-g-AA nonwoven fabric were extremely superior to those onto sulfonated PP-g-St nonwoven fabric, PK and zeolite. PP-g-AA nonwoven fabric showed the maximum adsorption capacity of $NH_3-N$ at the degree of grafting of 80 wt.%. The adsorption behaviour of $NH_3-N$ onto PP-g-AA and sulfonated PP-g-St nonwoven fabric was controlled by an ion exchange reaction, and tended to be similar to both trends of Langmiur and Freundlish isotherm. Futhermore, PP-g-AA non-woven fabric could be regenerated more than 5 times by a simple washing with 0.1N HCl with no decrease of adsorption capacity and no degradation of physical properties. Also sulfonated PP-g-St nonwoven fabric could be regenerated by washing with 0.1N ${H_2}{O_4}$. However, their regeneration efficiency was significantly low because grafting layer acted as functional radical for adsorption was continuously desquamated in the adsorption or regeneration processes, which resulted in decrease of adsorption capacity and weight of adsorbent. All results obtained from this study indicate that the $NH_3-N$ removal capacity of PP-g-AA non-woven fabric was extremely superior to those of PP-g-St non-woven fabric, PK and zeolite.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

2007년 4월부터 2007년 10월까지 광릉수목원에서 어류군집을 조사하였다. 출현한 어종은 총 9과 22종 1,272개체였고 출현한 어종 중 멸종위기야생동 식물에 속하는 종은 Cottus koreanus 1종이었다. 국외에서 도입된 외래종은 Micropterus salmoides 1종이었고 출현한 어종 중 한반도고유종에 속하는 종은 9종 (종구성비 : 40.9%)이었다. 우점종은 Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (St. 1)와 Zacco platypus (St. 2${\sim}$7) 이었다. 종다양도 지수, 균등도지수 및 종풍부도 지수로 보면 St. 3에서 비교적 안정적인 어류 군집을 형성하고 었었다. Silurus microdorsalis, Cottus koreanus, Odontobutis platycephala 등은 왕숙천수계에서 광릉수목원 내 봉선사천에 극한되어 서식하는 것으로 생각된다. 1932년 조사와 비교 시 17종이 출현하지 않았고 7종이 새로 추가되었다. Hemibarbus mylodon, Acheilognathus signifer, Zacco koreanus 등은 왕숙천 수계 내에서 소멸된 것으로 생각되며 Acheilognathus signifer와 Zacco koreanus는 복원 대상종으로 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.784-793
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• 2004

Major objective was to evaluate three doses of bST (POSILAC(R)) injected into Holstein cows during the transition period and through 56 d of lactation for potential to improve DMI, BCS, BW, metabolites, hormones, IGF-I and milk production. Biweekly injections of bST (0, 5.1, 10.2, or 15.3 mg bST/d) began 28 d before expected parturition and continued through 56 d postpartum. Twenty-three of the 25 multiparous Holstein cows assigned randomly to four groups completed experiment (7, 5, 6 and 5 cows/group, respectively). The DMI, BW and BCS were recorded weekly throughout the prepartum and postpartum periods and blood samples were collected thrice weekly for analyses of ST, insulin, $T_{4}$, $T_{3}$, IGF-I, glucose and NEFA. Milk yields were recorded daily through 60 d postpartum and milk components measured once weekly. Mathematical model for data analyses for prepartum and postpartum periods included treatment, calving month, and the two-factor interaction. Cows injected with 10.2 and 15.3 mg bST prepartum had greater mean prepartum concentrations of ST and IGF-I. Prepartum injections of bST did not affect prepartum BW or BCS. On average, cows injected postpartum better maintained their BCS during first 60 d of lactation (3.15$\pm$0.06, 3.12$\pm$0.007, 3.20$\pm$0.006 and 3.58$\pm$0.009). Treatments did not affect mean prepartum DMI but cows injected with 15.3 mg bST/d had greatest DMI and greatest mean daily MY during the first 3 wk and tended to be greater during first 60 d of lactation. Cows injected with two highest bST doses (10.1 and 15.2 mg/d) had greater mean postpartum concentrations of ST and $T_{3}$, but IGF-I, $T_{4}$, glucose and NEFA did not differ across groups. No adverse effects of bST treatment were observed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2015

Sprain is the injury of meridian-muscle, and is caused by qi and blood obstruction or regional stagnation of qi and blood. So we take the channel points where pain flows. If we take the locations that feel pain, those locations are treatments points and ashi points. So we searched over the ashi points appearing on the patients with wrist sprain. Ashi points appeared on LI5, TE4, SI5 around wrist joints, LI10, LI11, LU6 around elbow joints, LI14, LU3, LU4, PC2 around upper arm. Also, ashi points appeared much on ST17, KI23, PC1, SP18, ST18 around thoracic region, and, on BL15, BL44, BL13 around anterior and thoracodorsal region, in order stated. Ashi points of the highest frequency appeared on LI14 around upper arm, and on LI5, TE4 around wrist joint, and SI5, ST17, KI12, PC1, SP18 appeared with second highest frequency. And ashi points on elbow points and thoracodorsal region appeared with the same frequency. Therefore, it is possible for us to know that the pain location appears in order of upper arm, anterior thoracic region, elbow joint region, and, thoracodorsal region, in treating wrist joints. There was a tendency that pain and movement disturbance recovered more quickly, depending on the pain reduction, as we found out the ashi points closely from stagnated qi and blood caused by wrist arthritis, and relaxed the stiff location. Rubbing treatments in treating pain ashi points is considered to play an important role to reduce pain effectively, so it is necessary to make a further study.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2022

Background: Neutrophilic asthma (NeuA) is usually resistant to corticosteroids. Tiotropium bromide (TIO) is a bronchodilator that is used as an add-on therapy to inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting β2 agonist in asthma treatment. However, the role of TIO in NeuA is not fully known. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TIO on NeuA compared to that of corticosteroids. Methods: C57BL/6 female mice were sensitized with ovalbumin and lipopolysaccharide to induce neutrophilic inflammation. Dexamethasone (DEX) was administered on days 14, 17, 20, and 23. TIO was inhaled on days 21, 21, and 23. On day 24, mice were sacrificed. Airway hyper-responsiveness, levels of cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung homogenates, and lung tissue histopathology were compared between the two groups. Results: Neutrophil counts, T helper 2 cells (T_H2)/T_H17 cytokines, and pro-inflammatory cytokine in BAL fluids were elevated in the NeuA group. TIO group showed lower total cells, neutrophil counts, and eosinophil counts in BAL fluids than the DEX group (p<0.001, p<0.05, and p<0.001, respectively). Airway resistance was attenuated in the TIO group but elevated in the NeuA group (p<0.001). Total protein, interleukin (IL)-5, and IL-17A levels in BAL fluids were lower in the TIO group than in the NeuA group (all p<0.05). Conclusion: TIO showed more potent effects than DEX in improving airway inflammation and attenuating airway resistance in NeuA.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2016

동해 울릉도-독도 2정점에서 식물플랑크톤의 군집조성 및 수직적 영양염분포 특성과 표층 현장수를 이용하여 N, P, NP, Fe을 첨가하여 식물플랑크톤의 영양염소비 및 성장특성을 파악하였다. 현장에서 영양염류농도는 유광층 상부에서 낮았고, 100 m보다 깊은 수심에서 증가하였다. N:P비는 Redfield비(16)보다 표층에서 21-25로 높았고, 조사 최대심도인 400 m 층에서는 6 전후로 극히 낮게 관찰되었다. 식물플랑크톤의 총개체수는 St.UD3과 St.50에서 각각 $4.9{\times}10^5cells\;L^{-1}$과 $1.9{\times}10^5cells\;L^{-1}$로 관찰되었다. 주요 우점종은 St.UD3에서 침편모조류 Heterosigma akashiwo, 은편모조류 Crytomonas spp., 규조류 Leptocylindrus danicus로 파악되었고, St.50에서는 규조류 Chaetoceros socialis, H. akashiwo, L. danicus로 각각 관찰되었다. 영양염첨가실험의 +N과 +NP실험군에서 빠른 식물플랑크톤의 성장반응을 보였고, +P실험군에서는 대조군과 유사하게 식물플랑크톤 성장이 관찰되지 않았다. 아울러 Fe을 첨가한 대조군, +N, +P, +NP실험군에서 Fe을 첨가하지 않은 다른 실험군과 비교하여 형광값의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다는 것은 Fe첨가에 따른 식물플랑크톤의 성장반응이 명확하지 않다는 것을 의미한다(p>0.05). 결과적으로 현장에서 우점한 H. akashiwo 와 L. danicus는 영양염이 추가적으로 공급된 환경의 생물검증실험에서도 빠르게 반응하여 높은 개체수로 우점한 것을 파악하였고, 특히 +Fe 실험군에서 L. danicus의 빠른 성장이 두드려졌다.