• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2003

Objective : To find risk factor and symptoms for transferred newborn from postpartum care center Method : We performed a follow-up study using medical record. Subjects comprised 188 neonates(include 4 twins) and 184 women in childbed who were hospitalized in oriental postpartum care center from January, 1, 2002 to December, 31, 2002. Result: Transferred newborn was total 24, N.V.D. 17, C.S. 7, male and female were 12 separately. The symptom of transfer was fever(16), diarrhea(4), jaundice(3), convulsion(1) Transferred number and rate was male 12(10.7%), female 12(15.8%). In delivery method, total normal vaginal delivery(N.V.D.) was 136 and transferred 17(12.5%), total cesarean section(C.S.) was 52 and transferred 7(13.5%). Transferred rank was N.V.D. female(17.9%). C.S. male(15.6%), C.S. female(10%), N.V.D.(8.6%). Of the 188 neonates. immature infants were 2 and transferred 1(50%), term infants were 184, transferred 23(12.5%), post-term infants were 2 and transferred none(0%). In age of women in childbed, transferred ratio was 15.4%(over 35), 15.2%(25-29), 10.5%(30-34). In fever,. C.S. infants were more transferred than N.V.D. and male infant had a tendency to transfer in later period of hospitalization and female in early period. It seems that transfer was related to abortion. In diarrhea, all was N.V.D. and their diagnosis was rotavirus. The average age of women in childbed was yonger(28.5). In jaundice, all was 1st, and average birth weight was lighter(3153g). The average age of women in childbed was older(30). In convulsion, birth weight was lighter(3153g), and age of women in childbed was older(30). Conclusion : There's any relation with sex and delivery method, birth weight and mother's age in transfer. But we cannot find any statistically significance. Further prospective studies are needed to find risk factors in transfer.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1992

The quantitatively measured local myocardial perfusion rates with microspheres are used as an objective indicator of even distribution of cardioplegic solution, and the efficacy of the retrograde right atrial route of cardioplegia is evaluated in hearts with various levels of coronary arterial obstruction. After initial antegrade cardioplegia under the median sternotomy and aortic cannulation, 60 hearts from anesthetized New Zealand white rabbits are divided in random order as normal group [ligated left main coronary artery ; MA, MR] and diagonal group [ligated proximal diagonal artery ; LA, LR]. Half of each group [N=10] are perfused with antegrade cardioplegia[A] under the pressure of 100 cmH2O and the other half with retrograde right atrial route[R] under the pressure of 60 cmH2O[St. Thomas cardioplegic solution mixed with measured amount of microspheres]. The myocardium is subdivided into segments as A[atria], RV[right ventricle]. S[septum], LV[normally perfused left ventricular free wall], ROI[ischemic myocardium of left ventricular free wall]. LV and RQI are further divided into N[subendocardium] and P[subepicardium]. The resulting local myocardial perfusion rates and N /P of each group are compared with Wilcoxon rank sum test. The weight of the hearts is 5.94$\pm$0.66g, and there are no statistically significant dif-ferences[p>0.05, ANOVA] between six compared group. The mean flow rate[F: ml /g / min] of MR group is comparable with MA group[p>0.05], but in N and L group, there are significantly depressed F with right atrial route of cardioplegia, which means elevated perfusion resistance with this route. In spite of no significant differences in delivered doses of microsphere[DEL] between compared groups[p>0.05, ANOVA], there are significantly depressed REC and NF in hearts with right atrial cardioplegia which suggests increased requirement of cardioplegic solution with this route. The interventricular septum shows poor perfusion with right atrial route of cardioplegia without obstruction of supplying coronary arteries. But, with obstruction of coronary artery supplying septum as in M group, the flow rate is superior with right atrial route of infusion. The left ventricular free wall perfusion rates of every RQI with R route are superior to that of A route[p<0.05]. But, in LV segments, there are unfavorable effects of right atrial cardioplegia in L group, although the subendocardial perfusion is well maintained in N group. The LV free wall of left main group shows depressed perfusion rates with antegrade route as compared with RQI segments of diagonal group. But, by contraries, there are increased perfusion rates and superior N /P ratio with retrograde right atrial route. It implies more effective perfusion with right atrial route of cardioplegia in more proximal coronary arterial obstruction[i.e., M group as compared with L group]. As a conclusion, all region of ischemia have superior perfusion rates with right atrial car-dioplegia as compared with antegrade route, and especially excellent results can be obtained in hearts with more proximal obstruction of coronary arteries which would otherwise result in more severe ischemic damage. But, the depressed perfusion rates of the segments with normal coronary artery in hearts with coronary arterial obstruction may be a problem of concern with right atrial cardioplegia and needs solution.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of waste sludge from antibiotic fermentation on the growth of young radish and chemical properties of soil, five levels of fertilizer, control (recommended fertilizer, $N-P_2O_5-K_2O=160-59-104$ kg/ha), AS(control + sludge 1,000 kg/ha), AC(control + conventional compost 1,000 kg/ha), SNS(control - subtracting 30% N of sludge + sludge 1,000 kg/ha) and SNC(control - subtracting 30% N of conventional compost + conventional compost 1,000 kg/ha) were applied and radish was grown twice with same treatments on May and August in 1998. Germination rate and early growth of young radish grown with AS and SNS were lower than those grown in control and with AC, SNC. This negative effects by adding the sludge in the early growth seemed to be caused by damage of ammonia gas released during degradation of the sludge in soil. However, yield of young radish showed no significant difference among all the treatments including the AS and SNS at the 1st and 2nd experiment, and these suggested that the latter half of growth of young radish was accelerated by adding the sludge. Contents of T-N in young radish and inorganic N in soil showed a tendency to increase by adding the sludge while antibiotic substance, cephalosporin-C, was not detected in plant material and soils after harvest of young radish in both experiments. Consequently, waste sludge from antibiotic fermentation, which contains high levels of organic matter and nitrogen could be used as an useful resource in agriculture.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.90-95
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical therapists' perception of the use of gait measures, the frequency of the gait measures used, and also to identify the barriers that limit the use of these assessment tools. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Physical therapists from the Seoul, Gyeonggi area from March to July 2016 were included in the study. Over the course of 18 weeks, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-report questionnaire. A total of 700 questionnaires were distributed and 350 questionnaires (50%) were collected, however with the exclusion of 140 questionnaires due to non-consent, a total of 210 questionnaires (30%) were analysed. Results: Out of the 10 standardized assessment tools, the therapists showed the highest perception for the timed up and go test (TUG [n=153, 72.9%]) and they also had high perception for the 10 meters walk test (10MWT [n=149, 71.0%]), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT [n=123, 58.6%]). The respondents answered that the TUG (n=116, 55.2%), 10MWT (n=100, 47.6%), and 6MWT (n=51, 24.3%) was used the most often. On the contrary, only four (1.9%) therapists have used the Chedoke-McMaster stroke assessment and the Rivermead Mobility Index. The lack of time was considered as the most important barrier to the use of assessment tools in clinical practice. Conclusions: Through this study, it has been shown that the domestic physical therapists used the TUG and the 10MWT mainly due to high recognition and evaluation status; however, the lack of time was the greatest impediment to the clinical application of the gait assessment tools.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.245-250
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• 2019

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical safety of Bee Venom (BV) pharmacopuncture at craniofacial acupuncture points. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 108 patients diagnosed with peripheral facial paralysis, trigeminal neuralgia, or facial spasm who were admitted to Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital at Gangdong, from April 1st, 2017 to August 30th, 2017. Patients were allocated into either, Group 1 (the non-allergy group of patients who did not have an allergic reaction to BV) or Group 2, the group who had allergic reactions to BV. To evaluate the clinical safety of BV pharmacopuncture after each treatment, several criteria were used to measure any side effects: outcome, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events scale, Mueller HL scale, treatment decision after adverse reaction, causality, measures performed for patients with adverse reactions, and efficacy assessment. Results: BV pharmacopuncture delivered in 0.1-0.2 mL at a concentration of 1:30,000 at the craniofacial acupuncture points, showed no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between non-allergy Group 1 and allergy Group 2. Amongst the 108 patients, 11 reported side effects after BV pharmacopuncture treatment. These adverse events included rash (n = 7), pruritus (n = 5), swelling (n = 1), vesicles (n = 1), erythema (n = 1), and hives (n = 1). All side effects resolved without sequelae. Conclusion: In this study, BV pharmacopuncture delivered at low doses at the craniofacial acupuncture points, resulted in 10% of patients experiencing non serious side effects suggesting that BV pharmacopuncture was clinically well tolerated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.454-462
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify learners with poor learning in basic cooking practice subjects for college students majoring in cooking, operate a basic practical ability improvement program, and apply an action learning teaching method. We tried to analyze the subjective perception of learners using the Q methodology. In addition, it was intended to improve the major competencies for the operation of practical programs related to cooking training, field training, and employment of learners. The survey was conducted from May 1st to 20th, 2020 for first-year students in C cuisine major. As a result of the analysis, a total of three types were derived. Type 1 (N=7): Self-directed learning effect type, Type 2 (N=8): Problem Solving Effect Types, Type 3 (N=6): Peer learning effect type, each unique feature type Was analyzed as. Through the progress of this study and the derivation of implications, it is expected that it will be useful data for the application of teaching and learning methods related to practical work and program operation in cooking-related departments.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.207-216
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to biomechanical analysis Judo's Kuzushi throwing motion in order to increase the effectiveness of Nage-waja(throwing technique). The Tori was a Judo player with 18 years experience(4th degree) while the Uke was a player with 2 years experience(1st degree). The kinematic data was captured using the Vicon motion system (7 cameras) and the kinetics were recorded by force plates(2 AMTI). The following were the results; While leaning to the front the subject's trunk's angle was $14.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $23.8^{\circ}$, knee angle was $179.6^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 325.42N(BW 0.34) and the right leg was 233.7N(BW 0.47). While leaning back the subject's trunk's angle was $11.3^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $4.1^{\circ}$, knee angle was $1761^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 299.53N(BW 0.43) and the right leg was 441.7N(BW 0.64). While leaning to the left the subject's trunk's angle was $30.8^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $2.7^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 711N(BW 1.03) and the right leg was 9.2N(BW 0.01). While leaning to the right the subject's trunk's angle was $36.5^{\circ}$, the lower limbs angle was $10.4^{\circ}$, knee angle was $175.2^{\circ}$ and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 13.2N(BW 0.02) and the right leg was 694.7N(BW 1.01). While leaning to the left front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $19.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $15.1^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $17.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $2.4^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $177.8^{\circ}$ (front) and $173.9^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 547.4N(BW 0.8) and the right leg was 117.8N(BW 0.17). While leaning to the right front corner the subject's trunk's angle was $15.4^{\circ}$ (front) and $17.7^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was $21.1^{\circ}$, (front) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (front) and $178.9^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 53N(BW 0.08) and the right leg was 622.4N(BW 09). While leaning to the left rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $9.2^{\circ}$ (back) and $13.8^{\circ}$ (left), the lower limbs angle was $2^{\circ}$, (back) and $5.7^{\circ}$ (left), knee angle was $175.5^{\circ}$ (back) and $172.8^{\circ}$(left), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 698.2N(BW 1.02) and the right leg was 49.6N(BW 0.07). While leaning to the right rear corner the subject's trunk's angle was $8.9^{\circ}$ (back) and $19.6^{\circ}$ (right), the lower limbs angle was ${0.6^{\circ}}_"$ (back) and $3.1^{\circ}$ (right), knee angle was $174.6^{\circ}$ (back) and $175.6^{\circ}$(right), and the vertical reaction of the left leg was 7.2N(BW 0.01) and the right leg was 749.4N(BW 1.09). It was observed that during the Judo motion Kuzushii the range of the COM varied from $26.5{\sim}39.9cm$. It was concluded that the upper body leaned further than the lower body as there was knee extension. There was high left leg reaction forces while leaning to the left and likewise for the right side. It was therefore deduced that the Kuzushi was a more effective throwing technique for the left side.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.923-931
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• 2005

A study was carried out to identify the major causes of sediments pollution in the Paldang Lake in the vicinity of Gyeongan river. Samples from 40 sites were collected and analyzed to characterize the regional distributions of grain size, organic matter contents, and concentrations of T-N, T-P and heavy metals. contaminations. The mean grain size(Mz) ranged from sand type(Mz, $1{\sim}3\;{\phi}$) where Bukhan River and Namhan River converges at a high flow rate to silt type(Mz, $5{\sim}10\;{\phi}$) at the downstream of Gyeongancheon and Paldang lake, reflecting the water circulation in the area. Except sampling point St. 36 near the wetland, the determination coefficient($r^2$) of Mz and organic matter(LOI) was 0.88, showing that more organic matters are concentrated inside finer sediments. The concentrations of T-N and T-P in sediments were higher in the area at which Mz and organic matters are also higher. High concentrations of T-P analyzed in the sediments, ranging from $216{\sim}1,623\;{\mu}g/g$ (Avg. $769\;{\mu}g/g$) could be considered as a critical level. Adsorbed-P and NAI-P, which are easily released to the surrounding environments when physico-chemical characteristics of sediments are changed, was found to be around 20%, which was showed by the result of fractionated-P. Moreover, Principle Component Analysis(PCA), showed that high concentrations of T-N, T-P, organophilic metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) are distributed in the areas where high organic matter contents and fine grain-sized sediments are found. However, results of $I'_{geo}$ (Geoaccumulation Index) that considers the grain size of sediments showed that heavy metal concentrations in the lake was low enough to be considered as Class 1 indicating the relative degree of pollution was less than zero.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2014

In order to estimate the effect of nutrients addition for phytoplankton growth and community compositons in spring and summer season, we investigated the abiotic and biotic factors of surface and bottom waters at 20 stations of inner and offshore areas in Gwangyang Bay, Korea. Nutrient additional experiments were also conducted to identify any additional nutrient effects on phytoplankton assemblage using the surface water for the assay. Bacillariophyceae occupied more than 90% of total phytoplankton assembleges. Of these, diatom Eucampia zodiacus and Skeletonema costatum-like species was mainly dominated in spring and summer, respectively. Here, we can offer the season why the two diatom population densities were maintained at high levels in both seasons. First, light transparency of spring season in the euphotic zone was greatly improved in the bay. This improvement is one of important factor as tigger of increase in E. zodiacus population. Second, low salinity and high nutrient sources supplied by Seomjin River discharge are a main cue for strong bottom-up effects on S. costatum-like species during the summer rainy season. Based on the algal bio-assays, although maximum growth rate of phytoplankton communities at inner bay (St.8) were similar to those of outer bay (St.20), half-saturation constant ($K_s$) for phosphate at outer bay was slightly lower than those of inner bay. This implied that adapted cells in low nutrient condition of outer bay may have enough grown even the low phosphate and they also have a competitive advantage against other algal species under low nutrient condition. In particular, efficiency of N (+) addition in summer season was higher compared to control and P added experiments. In the bay, silicon was not a major limiting factor for phytoplankton growth, whereas nitrogen (N) was considered as a limiting factor during spring and summer. Therefore, a sufficient silicate supply form water mixing Si recycled from diatom decomposition and river water is favorable form maintaining diatom ecosystems in Gwangyang Bay.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

Ninety-two heads of sire, ranging from 4 to 8 years old, and semen production records of 8,628 from those sire and the performance and carcass traits from 814 heads of those offspring were used to investigate the relationships of scrotal circumference(SC) of Hanwoo sire to semen characteristics and performance, carcass traits of those offspring. Average SC of sire were 38.7 cm. The semen volume, sperm concentration and total sperm number at first and second ejaculation were 5.63 mL and 5.32 mL, $17.9{\times}108/mL$ and 15.0${\times}10^8$/mL, and 100.3${\times}10^8$/ ejaculation and 79.4${\times}10^8$/ejaculation, respectively. SC is positively correlated with semen volume(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.27, P<0.05 ; 2nd : ${\gamma}$=0.19, P<0.10), sperm concentration(1st : ${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.05) and total sperm number(1st $:{\gamma}=0.38$, 2nd : ${\gamma}$=0.28, P<0.01). The live weights of those offspring were 49.2, 281.1, 436.3 and 534.4 kg at 6, 12, 18, 22 months old, respectively, and average daily gain(ADG) were 0.81 kg/day. And, carcass weight, longissimus dorsi area, backfat thickness and marbling score were 313.8 kg, 77.9 cm, 0.62 cm and 2.47, respectively. There were tended to be positive relationships between SC of sire and live weight of 6 months old(${\gamma}$=0.08, P<0.10), 12(${\gamma}$=0.18, P=0.10), 18(${\gamma}$=0.21, P<0.10), 22(${\gamma}$=0.20, P<0.10), ADG(${\gamma}$=0.25, P<0.05), carcass weight(${\gamma}$=0.18, P<0.10) and longissimus dorsi area(${\gamma}$=0.18, P<0.10) of those offspring. However, SC and backfat thickness, marbling score have no significant relationship. This results indicate that SC of sire was related to semen production and the gain weight of those offspring, positively. However, further investigation are needed to confirm the results.