• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2001

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness and applicability of the HApS$^{TM}$ (Hazard Analysis process System; HUKO, Seoul, Korea) based on Petrifilm$^{TM}$ (3M, St. Paul, MN, USA) with the AOAC (the Association of Official Analytical Chemists) standard total aerobic count (TAC) method and coliform count (CC) method for meat products. The comparisons were carried out using 230 meat samples collected from various retailers: 80 pork samples, 80 chicken samples, and 70 beef samples. In the comparison of the correlation coefficient (r) between conventional method and HApS$^{TM}$ method by a linear regression analysis, the correlation coefficients in total microorganism were 0.97767, 0.90712, and 0.95594 in pork, beef, and chicken samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients in coliform count were 0.82062, 0.94833, and 0.96839 in pork, beef and chicken samples, respectively. All the independent t-test on measurement values between conventional method and HApS$^{TM}$ method represented no significant differences in the means between two methods at the 0.05 of significance level($\alpha$=0.05). Based on the high correlation between HApS$^{TM}$ and the AOAC standard methods in the TAC and CC, it might be compatible to employ the HApS$^{TM}$ method to measure the microbial contamination in livestock products. HApS$^{TM}$ method was simpler and less time-consuming in sample preparation and procedures faster than the conventional method. These results suggested that the HApS$^{TM}$ method could be substitute for the conventional methods in the analysis of microbial contamination measurement in meat products.n meat products.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 1982

In the present communication, the results will be reported on a clinical study of how well scintigraphic visualization of the hepatobiliary elements and several commonly used clinical liver function tests correlate each other in various diseases oft hepatobiliary system. The demonstrability of the biliary tract, gallbladder (GB) and duodenum was rather closely paralleled to serum bilirubin level and less closely to alkaline phosphatase and rather poorly to SGOT and SGPT. The biliary tree could not be visualized scintigraphically when bilirubin exceeded 10.5mg/dl. The usefulness of Tc-99m EHIDA [N-(2,6-diethylacetanilido) iminodiacetic acid, made by Amersham, England] hepatobiliary scintigraphy (Tc EHIDA HBS) in settling diagnostic controversy and ambiguity raised by oral cholecystography, intravenous cholangiography and ultrasonography in many hepatobiliary diseases is well known. The purpose of this investigation was to semiquantitatively evaluate the scintigraphic demonstrability of the hepatobiliary tract, GB and duodenum following intravenous injection of Tc-99m EHIDA in normal subjects and in patients with a disturbed liver function from various hepatobiliary diseases. The hepatobiliary scintigraphy was performed in 10 normal subjects and 39 patients with various hepatobiliary diseases (Table 1) at the Dept. of Radiology, St. Mary's Hospital Catholic Medical College, Seoul, Korea during 2 years period from September 1979. Scintigraphic examination was started at end of 3 minutes after intravenous injection of Tc-99m EHIDA in the amount of $50{\mu}Ci/kg$ and was continued until after 30 minutes at 5 minutes interval. The imaging was usually terminated when the tracer could be seen in the duodenum. Late scintigrams were obatained at 1 1/2, 3, 4 and 6 hours when reeded. Scintigrams were analyzed in terms of promptness and clarity of visualization of the biliary tree, GB and duodenum and demonstrability of these anatomical landmarks was correlated with the values of liver function tests. The demonstrability of the common hepatic duct, common bile duct, GB and duodenum was closely paralleled to the level of serum bilirubin when it is less than 10.5 mg/dl as shown in figure 1. However when the bilirubin exceeded 10.5 mg/dl the time of visualization between protracted reaching a flat curve or plateau around 10.5 mg/dl. The biliary tract could not be visualized when the bilirubin was higher than 10.5 mg/dl. The correlability between scintigraphic demonstration and serum alkaline phosphatase was less strong and between scintigraphic demonstration and SGOT and SGPT was rather poor. The present clinical study confirmed the usefulness and limitation of Tc-99m EHIDA hepatobiliary scintigraphy in visulizing and diagnosing the biliary system and duodenum when radiogrpahy and ultrasonography failed to provide useful informations. Scintigraphy was very helpful in the diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis, biliary atresia, cholecystitis and extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The hepatobiliary system and duodenum were visualized when serum bilirubin level was less than 10.5 mg/dl, SGOT 135 units, SGPT 114 units and alkaline phosphatase 52.2 KAU.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2017

Carbonaceous aerosols such as the equivalent black carbon (eBC), the elemental carbon (EC) and the organic carbon (OC) were monitored at the Seoul Olympic Park site ($37.521^{\circ}N$, $127.124^{\circ}E$) during the KORUS-AQ 2016 campaign using a Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (MAAP) and an OCEC Analyzer. Averaged mass concentrations of eBC, EC and OC were presented as $2.46{\pm}1.52{\mu}g/m^3$, $1.01{\pm}0.60{\mu}g/m^3$ and $4.85{\pm}2.60{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. OC/EC ratio and mass absorption cross-section (MAC) of light absorbing aerosols were calculated as 2.32 and $14.8m^2/g$, respectively. Diesel OC concentrations were estimated from a source profile of diesel vehicles as well. eBC mass concentrations measured from May $26^{th}$ to May $27^{th}$, 2016 showed 40% higher than averaged eBC mass concentrations during campaign period. $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations measured in this period were also higher than average $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations. High eBC concentrations were observed from May $29^{th}$ to May $31^{st}$, 2016 and from June $9^{th}$ to June $11^{th}$, 2016, possibly due to morning rush hour and the effect of temperature inversion at night. Diurnal variations of eBC, EC and Diesel OC showed a typical pattern of metropolitan area. In the weekend, however, diurnal variations of eBC, EC and Diesel OC mass concentrations were different from those measured in the weekday. It is expected that this study can help to understand the relationship between carbonaceous aerosols in a metropolitan area.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.597-604
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• 2014

$\small{D}$-Phenylglycine aminotransferase ($\small{D}$-PhgAT) from Pseudomonas stutzeri ST-201 is useful for enzymatic synthesis of enantiomerically pure $\small{D}$-phenylglycine. However, its low protein solubility prevents its application at high substrate concentration. With an aim to increase the protein solubility, the N-terminus of $\small{D}$-PhgAT was genetically fused with short peptides ($A_1$ ${\alpha}$-helix, $A_2$ ${\alpha}$-helix, and ALAL, which is a hybrid of $A_1$ and $A_2$) from a ferredoxin enzyme of a halophilic archaeon, Halobacterium salinarum. The fused enzymes $A_1$-$\small{D}$-PhgAT, $A_2$-$\small{D}$-PhgAT, and ALAL-$\small{D}$-PhgAT displayed a reduced pI and increased in solubility by 6.1-, 5.3-, and 8.1- fold in TEMP (pH 7.6) storage, respectively, and 5-, 4.5-, and 5.9-fold in CAPSO (pH 9.5) reaction buffers, respectively, compared with the wild-type enzyme (WT-$\small{D}$-PhgAT). In addition, all the fused $\small{D}$-PhgAT displayed higher enzymatic reaction rates than the WT-DPhgAT at all concentrations of L-glutamate monosodium salt used. The highest rate, $23.82{\pm}1.47$ mM/h, was that obtained from having ALAL-$\small{D}$-PhgAT reacted with 1,500 mM of the substrate. Moreover, the halophilic fusion significantly increased the tolerance of $\small{D}$-PhgAT in the presence of NaCl and KCl, being slightly in favor of KCl, where under the same condition at 3.5 M NaCl or KCl all halophilic-fused variants showed higher activity than WT-$\small{D}$-PhgAT.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2014

The present study was designed to observe the oestrus responses in the indigenous ewe induced by cloprostenol sodium manufactured by two different companies ($Ovuprost^{(R)}$, BOMAC, Newzealandand $Prostenol^{(R)}$, Techno, Bangladesh). Twelve local ewes were divided into 3 groups (n= 8). The ewes in Group I and II were induced by intramuscular injection of $100{\mu}g$ (0.4 ml) of cloprostenol sodium ($Ovuprost^{(R)}$ and $Prostenol^{(R)}$), respectively. The $2^{nd}$ injection in each group was given at 9 days apart. The ewes in Group III were kept as control for observing natural oestrus characteristics and comparing the responses with induced oestrus. Hundred and 75% ewes showed oestrus following $2^{nd}$ injection of $Ovuprost^{(R)}$ and $Prostenol^{(R)}$, respectively. The average time of onset of oestrus following $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ injection of $Ovuprost^{(R)}$ and $Prostenol^{(R)}$ were $50.5{\pm}3.5$ vs $48.0{\pm}0.0h$ and $49.9{\pm}1.9$ vs $49.5{\pm}1.7h$, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two types of cloprostenol sodium group on the onset of oestrus. The average duration of oestrus was $27.5{\pm}0.7$ vs $27.5{\pm}0.0h$ and $25.9{\pm}3.3$ vs $24.2{\pm}0.3h$ in $Ovuprost^{(R)}$ and $Prostenol^{(R)}$ treated ewes, respectively. For natural oestrus, the duration of oestrus was $25.2{\pm}3.3h$. There was no significant difference among the cloprostenol sodium produced by two different companies and natural oestrous ewes on the duration of oestrus. The higher percentages of cornified cells were present in induced oestrus (90 and 85%) compared with natural oestrus (80%), although there was no significant difference among them. The pregnancy rates were 75, 66.7 and 100% in $Ovuprost^{(R)}$, $Prostenol^{(R)}$ and natural oestrous ewes, respectively. The above results indicate the suitability of using cloprostenol sodium for synchronization of oestrus in indigenous ewes in Bangladesh.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.236-242
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• 2008

Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of root zone application of some systemic insecticides for control of the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, as one of the management option to minimize the adverse effects and maximize the efficacy of insecticide application. Five systemic insecticides, namely, carbofuran, carbosulfan, diazinon, ethoprophos and imidacloprid, as granular formulation were placed in the root zone and measured the mortality, fecundity, and nymphal survivorship of the planthopper. Diazinon and ethoprophos did not show the significant mortality of the BPH. When the BPH were inoculated at the day of carbofuran treatment, adult mortality was shown almost 100% at seven days after treatment and BPH nymphs were remained very few on rice at 25 days after treatment. When carbofuran were placed 10 days before the BPH inoculation, it showed almost 100% adult mortality after one day, and no nymphs were found until 25 day after inoculation. Efficacy of carbofuran on BPH when applied in 10 day-old rice was higher than in 30 day-old rice. These results indicated that the root zone application of carbofuran can control N. lugens effectively with less adverse effect to the natural enemies inhabited on rice plants.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.152-159
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate optimum application rate with mixed organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer alternative where the paddy rice (Chucheong) was cultivated in clay loam of paddy field. The mixed organic fertilizer were applied at 0, 50, 100 and 150% levels of recommended nitrogen by soil testing plot compared with plot of chemical fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphate and potash), respectively. The ammonium nitrogen content in paddy soil and surface water of mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot were higher than chemical fertilizer plot. The absorbed amount of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency by rice plant in mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot were higher than chemical fertilizer plot. The number of tillers on rice at 30 days and 60 days after transplanting mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot were many more than chemical fertilizer plot. The milled rice yield of mixed organic fertilizer 100% plot was increased by 4% than chemical fertilizer plot. The optimum application rate of mixed organic fertilizer was as follows ; $OAR_{MOF}(Mg\;ha^{-1})=[(NAR_{ST}{\div}NC_{MOF}/1,000{\times}0.93)/1,000]$ ($OAR_{MOF}$ : Optimum application rate of mixed organic fertilizer, NARST : Nitrogen application rate($kg\;ha^{-1}$) by soil testing, $NC_{MOF}$ : Nitrogen content($g\;kg^{-1}$) of mixed organic fertilizer, and $0.93:124.3kg\;ha^{-1}/133.0kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively).

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.123-131
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• 2016

Increasing clinical demand for carbon-11 labeled radiopharmaceuticals has triggered technological advances in fields of radiochemistry and automated modules. Even though carbon-11 has a short half-life ($t_{1/2}=20.4min$), the consecutive second production of carbon-11 labeled radiopharmaceutical in one $^{11}C$-synthetic module should be delayed at least over 4 h to avoid the high radiation exposure. We herein aimed to produce two different carbon-11 labeled radiopharmaceuticals ([$^{11}C$]PIB and [$^{11}C$]methionine) by sharing of [$^{11}C$]methylation source in one $^{11}C$-synthetic module. The synthesis of $^{11}C$-labeling reagents ($[^{11}C]CH_3I$ or $[^{11}C]CH_3OTf$) is fully automated using the commercial TRACERlab $FX_{C-pro}$ module and is readily adaptable to $^{11}C$-labeling reactor for [$^{11}C$]PIB as well as another $^{11}C$-labeling apparatus for [$^{11}C$]methionine via the three-way valve. After completing the [$^{11}C$]PIB production, the re-synthesized $[^{11}C]CH_3I$ was passed through the three-way valve connected the polyetheretherketone (PEEK) line and loaded into the C18 Sep-Pak cartridge including the methionine precursor. The labeled product [^${11}C$]methionine was purified by a simple cartridge separation and reformulated into saline. The radiochemical yield of [$^{11}C$]PIB and [$^{11}C$]methionine were $5.3{\pm}0.6%$ and $18.7{\pm}0.8%$ (n.d.c.), respectively, with over 97% of radiochemical purity. The specific activity of [$^{11}C$]PIB was over $110GBq/{\mu}mol$. Total production time of two radiopharmaceuticals needs about 2 h from $1^{st}$ beam irradiation including quality control tests. Final [$^{11}C$]PIB and [$^{11}C$]methionine were satisfied all quality control test standards.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of micro current taping therapy (MTT) on patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods We included 50 participants who met the inclusion criteria and 5 participants dropped out during the sessions due to the following reasons: 3 participants were personal reasons, 1 participant was taking medication, 1 participant was fore arm fracture. We attached "I" shaped 40 cm, 2 tapes along the erector muscles of the spine starting from both iliac crest and another "I" shaped 30 cm, 1 tape on the painful site horizontally. This procedure was done 8 times and participants visited a total of 9 times including a final visit for evaluation. We measured visual analog scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM) and schober's test on every visit. Participants completed a questionnaire of oswestry disability index (ODI) and Beck's depression inventory (BDI) on the first and last visits. Results In VAS for pain intensity and bothersomeness, there were significant decreases after 1st, 6th treatments. In range of extension, there was significant increase after 3rd treatment at first. In range of flexion, there was significant increase after 2nd treatment at first. In range of left flexion, there was significant increase after 4th treatment at first. In range of right flexion, there was significant increase after 3rd treatment at first. in schober's test, there was significant increase after 2nd treatment at first. In VAS, ROM, schober's test, BDI, ODI, there were significant improvement after all treatments had done. Conclusions There was a significant effect of MTT on CLBP. And there was no adverse effect.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.233-250
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• 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of inpatients who were admitted to Korean medicine hospital due to traffic accident. Methods 1,162 traffic accident patients who were admitted to department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine of Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital, Dae-Jeon University from 1st, January, 2011 to 31th, December, 2012 were analyzed according to the medical charts. Results 1. The average treatment result was 3.22 and in most (71.52%) of the patients, symptoms were more than improved. 2. In distribution according to age and sex, people in their 30s numbered the most both in male (12.65%) and female (14.72%). The 1,162 inpatients comprised of 457 (39.33%) male and 705 (60.67%) female. 3. 541 (46.56%) patients admitted in 2011 and 621 (53.44%) patients admitted in 2012. 4. 695 (59.81%) patients visited Cheonan Korean Medicine Hospital within 0~2 days after their traffic accident, followed by 242 (20.83%) patients who visited within 3~5 days after their traffic accident. Patients who admitted earlier showed more improvement in symptoms. 5. The average admission days were 9.32 days. Most (57.66%) patients discharged within 1 week. 6. 825 (71.00%) patients were driving sedan at the time of accident, followed by 105 (9.04%) SUV owners and 71 (6.11%) pedestrians. 7. Rear-end collision accident numbered the most (45.61%), followed by lateral collision (24.35%) and frontal collision (14.72%). 8. Most frequently prescribed examination was X-ray (95.52%), followed by CT (8.69%) and MRI (3.01%). 9. Most frequently given diagnosis was sprain (1,126 (96.90%) patients), followed by concussion & abrasion (178 (15.32%) patients) and fracture (109 (9.38%) patients). 10. Most frequently given Korean medicine treatment was acupuncture (1,162 (100%) patients), followed by anti-inflammatory pharmacopuncture (652 (56.11%) patients) and moxibustion (462 (39.76%) patients). 11. Most frequently given Korean medicine physiotherapy was infra-red (1,161 (99.91%) patients), followed by cupping therapy (1,152 (99.14%) patients) and hotpack (1,137 (97.85%) patients). 12. Most frequently prescribed herb medicine was huishou-san (13.51%), followed by dangguixu-san (12.65%) and yaojiao-tang G (7.06%) Conclusions In this study, people in their 30s, females, within 0~2 days since the accident took the highest percentage from each category of patients who admitted to Korean Medicine Hospital due to traffic accident. Patients who admitted earlier showed more improvement in symptoms and also discharged earlier.