• 한국응용곤충학회지
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2008

규격이 다른 5가지 사육용기, A용기(원통형, 직경 10cm, 높이 4cm), B용기(원통형, 직경 14.5cm, 높이 2.8cm), C용기(사각통, 가로${\times}$세로=$6.5{\times}6.5cm$, 높이 10cm), D용기(원통형, 밑지름 9cm 윗지름 11.5 cm, 높이 10.8 cm), E용기(원통형, 직경 15cm, 높이 7.5 cm)에 두류종자(대두 + 땅콩종자) 및 스폰지 급수통을 제공하여 $24^{\circ}C$, 15L : 9D 실내조건에서 풀색노린재의 부화율, 우화율 및 산란수를 조사하여 증식률을 구하였다. 부화율은 93-97%이었다. 영기별 발육기간은 1령에서 6일로 가장 짧았으며, 5령에서 약 10일로 가장 길었다. 약충기간은 38-39일 및 우화율은 53-62%로 용기에 따른 차이가 있었다. 성충수명은 수컷에서 65-75일, 암컷에서 67-74일이었고, 성별에 관계없이 B용기에서 가장 길었다. 암컷의 산란수는 51-56개로 B용기에서 가장 많았고, E용기에서 가장 적었다. 따라서 풀색노린재의 1세대 증식률은 약 25-33배로 사육용기에 따른 차이와 함께 B용기에서 가장 높았다. 그러므로 B용기는 실내에서 풀색노린재를 가장 안정적으로 사육할 수 있는 용기로 여겨졌다.

• 지구물리
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.175-184
• /
• 2000

충남 천안시 두정동 야산지역에 대한 고고학적 발굴대상지에서 자력탐사를 이용한 비파괴 문화재탐색 응용가능성에 대찬 실험적 연구를 수행하였다. 고고학적 발굴대강지에 대하여 발굴이 시작되기 전 자력탐사를 실시하였으며, 자력탐사 결과 나타난 자력이상대를 발굴후의 유물분포상황과 비교하였다. 자력탐사시 $20cm{\times}20cm$ 격자망을 구성하여 $20m{\times}40m$ 구역을 측정하였으며 자력센서는 지면에 위치시켰다. 기존의 발견된 토기를 대상으로 자력측정한 결과, 토기가 위치한 지점의 자력이 상이 주위의 평균치보다 최대 130nT 정도로 나타나고 있다. 등자기이상 분포포의 해석결과, 연구지역내의 1사분면과 4사분면에 나타난 자기이상지점들과 발굴결과 화인된 토기 및 토기의 파편위치가 정확하게 일치한다. 고고학적 발굴결과 연구지역내에서 발견된 토기위치는 7곳이었으며 이중 6곳은 모두 자력이상지점과 일치하며, 한 곳은 자력이상지점이 아닌 곳에서 발견된 바, 이 토기는 연 토기로 판명되었다. 또한 발굴당시 확인된 숲속이나 천부지층내에 매몰된 철제 쓰레기, 철사 등의 장애물 역시 등자력이상도에서 정확하게 일치하고 있다. 그러므로 자력탐사를 수행하기 앞서 육안으로 확인되는 철제장애물들은 제거한 후에 탐사를 실시하는 것이 바람직하다. 원인이 뚜렷히 확인되지 않는 자력이상지점들은 현재의 발굴충위보다 깊은 곳에 유물이 존재할 가능성이 있으므로 보다 정밀한 발굴작업이 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.37-49
• /
• 2015

During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes significant physiological changes. The present study assessed the changes on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na) and potassium (K) metabolism in singleton and twin-pregnant dairy goats. The 42 goats used ($49.5kg{\pm}7.6$ body weight [BW]) were assigned at random to treatments that were factorially arranged to account for 2 breeds (Oberhasli and Saanen), 2 pregnancy types (singleton and twin) and 3 gestation periods (80, 110, and 140 days). Digestibility trials were performed at 80, 110, and 140 days of gestation. Mineral retention during pregnancy was determined in the maternal body, femur, uterus, mammary gland, fetus and fetal fluid. Blood samples were taken during pregnancy before and after a meal, and Ca, P, Mg, Na, K ions and alkaline phosphatase activity determined in serum. Bone mineral density was determined in the right femur. Statistical analyses were performed using the SAS MIXED procedure. Dry matter intake decreased linearly up to 140 days of gestation. Maternal BW gain, and Ca, P, and Mg retention (g/kg) decreased linearly with the advance of gestation days. Macromineral retention in maternal body (g/kg) was greater in Oberhasli than Saanen goats, and their fetuses had higher Ca, P, and Mg deposition (mg/g). Mineral retention (mg/g) increased in fetuses according to pregnancy development, with no differences between singleton and twin pregnancy. In the mammary gland, the retention of all minerals (g) increased with the days of pregnancy. In conclusion, related to Ca, P, and Mg metabolism can be divided into two stages. Up to 80 days of gestation, was characterized by the preparation of the maternal body reserves for future mineral demands. From 80 days of gestation onward, was characterized by the transfer of maternal body reserves for fetal development and colostrum production. Na and K supply was provided by adjustments in endogenous excretion and an increase in intestinal absorption. Finally, mineral metabolism was specific to each genotype and, except for Na, was not affected by the number of fetuses.

• 유기물자원화
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 1993

일반가정이나 식당에서 배출되는 유기성주방폐기물을 소형용기를 이용하여 퇴비화할 수 있는지를 알아보기 위해 밑바닥이 없는 세개의 소형용기를 바깥 뜰의 토양면에 설치하였다. 퇴비화용기의 내부를 준혐기성상태, 다공관을 설치한 자연대류형, 산기관을 이용하여 공기를 불어 넣어주는 공기공급형으로 각각 조건을 만든 후 주방에서 배출된 폐기물을 충전한 후 120 여일간 실험을 한 결과 수분은 80% 에서 40-50% 로, 휘발성고형물질(건조중량)은 80% 에서 48-55% 로, 탄소질소비는 18에서 8-10으로 안정화 되었다. 휘발성고형물질 % 와 탄소질소비의 분해에 의한 변화는 2차 반응식에 잘 부합되었으며 휘발성고형물질의 분해시 반응속도상수 k 는 준혐기성의 경우 $4.96{\times}10^{-5}/day$, 자연대류형은 $5.82{\times}10^{-5}/day$, 공기공급형은 $8.42{\times}10^{-5}/day$ 인 것으로 나타나 본 실험에 사용한 것과 유사한 용기를 사용하여 유기성주방폐기물을 퇴비화 할 경우 인위적으로 공기를 공급하는것이 퇴비화에 소요되는 기간을 단축할 수 있을 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제63권6호
• /
• pp.827-833
• /
• 2020

Objective : Spine surgery is associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates in elderly patients. The modified Frailty Index (mFI) is an evaluation tool to determine the frailty of an individual and how preoperative status may impact postoperative survival and outcomes. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of mFI in predicting postoperative complications in patients aged ≥75 years undergoing surgery with instrumentation. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the perioperative course of 137 patients who underwent thoracolumbar-instrumentation spine surgery between 2011 and 2016. The preoperative risk factors were the 11 variables of the mFI, as well as body mass index (kg/㎠), preoperative hemoglobin, platelet, albumin, creatinine, anesthesia time, operation time, estimated blood loss, and transfusion amount. The 60-day occurrences of complication rates were used for outcome assessment. Results : Major complications after spinal instrumentation surgery occurred in 34 of 138 patients (24.6%). The mean mFI score was 0.18±0.12. When we divided patients into a pre-frail group (mFI, 0.09-0.18; n=94) and a frail group (mFI ≥0.27; n=44), only the rate of sepsis was statistically higher in the frail group than in the pre-frail group. There were significantly more major complications in patients with low albumin levels or in patients with infection or who had experienced trauma. The mFI was a more useful predictor of postoperative complications than the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score. Conclusion : The mFI can successfully predict postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients aged ≥75 years undergoing spine surgery. The mFI improves perioperative risk stratification that provides important information to assist in the preoperative counselling of patients and their families.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Sumsu (Bufonis venenum) pharmacopuncture on insomnia and depression. Methods : We investigated 32 patients with a sleep disorder who had been recruited at a Korean medical hospital from March $1^{st}$, 2014 to April $16^{th}$, 2015. We divided subjects into two groups : The control group(N=15) was treated with Normal Saline and the experimental group(N=17) was treated with Sumsu(Bufonis venenum) pharmacopuncture. The subjects were injected with 0.05 ml~0.1 ml, for a total of 0.6 ml on each acupuncture point. These were Pungbu ($GV_{16}$), Pungi ($GB_{20}$), Gyeonjeong ($GB_{21}$), and Anmyun(EX-$HN_{20}$). Both groups were evaluated with the beck depression inventory(BDI) and given an insomnia score before treatment, after one week, two weeks and four weeks from the initial visit. Results : The Insomnia score and BDI decreased significantly in the experimental group. In comparing the control group with the experimental group, there was a more significant improvement of the insomnia score in the experimental group during all periods of this study. However, the difference of change in BDI between the control group and experimental group was only significant in the first week. Conclusions : Sumsu (Bufonis venenum) pharmacopuncture can be used as an effective treatment for patients with insomnia and depression.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2006

효소에 의한 옥수수 단백가수분해물의 천연항균제로서의 이용가능성을 조사하기 위하여 zein 단백질에 단백 가수분해 효소를 작용시켜 얻어진 가수분해물의 항균활성을 측정하고 membrane filter로 한외 여과하여 항균활성이 가장 높은 분획을 HPLC로 분취한 후 항균활성을 측정하고 MIC, 각종 세균에 대한 생육저해농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. Zein 단백질에 6종의 단백분해효소를 작용시켜 제조한 가수분해물 중 pepsin으로 작용시킨 것이 항균활성이 가장높았다. Membrane filter에 의하여 여과한가수분해물의 항균활성은 M.W. $10,000\~30,000$에서 가장 높았으며 $121^{\circ}C$에서 10분간 처리하여도 항균활성에 변화가 없는 열안정성이 매우 높았고 MIC는 2.5 mg/mL이었다. HPLC로 분리한 항균성 peptide의 N-말단 아미노산 조성은 leucine, glutamic acid, proline, phenylalanine, aspartic acid, argenine 순이었다. 분자량 $10,000\~30,000$의 가수분해 동결건조물을 3 mg/mL 농도로 nutrient broth 배지에 첨가하고 $37^{\circ}C$에서 배양하였을 때 크게 생육이 저해되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권8호
• /
• pp.1188-1193
• /
• 2005

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of two housing systems on physiological responses and energy expenditure of sheep in a semi-arid region of India. Two types of housing management were adopted. First was a shed- $6{\times}3\;m^2$ structure with all the four sides of 1.8 m chain link fencing with a central height of 3 m. The roof was covered with asbestos sheets and with mud floorings. Second was an open corral- $6{\times}3\;m^2$ open space with all the four sides covered with 1.8 m chain link fencing. Thirty-four (32 ewes and 2 rams) sheep of native Malpura breed aged about 18 months (body weight 28 kg ewes; 35 kg rams) were grazed together on a 35 ha plot of native range. All the sheep were grazed as a flock from 08.00 to 17.00 h during a yearlong study. The flock was divided into two groups (16 ewes+1 ram) in the evening and housed as per the systems (Shed and Open Corral). Dry and wet temperatures were recorded at 06.00 h and 21.00 h using a wet and dry bulb-thermometer both inside the shed and in the open corral and temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in the THI between shed and open corral in all the seasons, indicating that shed was always warmer compared to open corral. Rectal temperature (RT) of both the groups of sheep was similar during morning as well as evening throughout the seasons. There were significant (p<0.05) differences in the skin temperature (ST) and respiration rate (RR) between the two groups at both the measurements in all the seasons. Highest energy expenditure (EE) was recorded inside the shed at 21.00 h (224 kJ/h) during monsoon and lowest at 6.00 h during winter (119 kJ/h). There was a significant (p<0.05) difference between the EE inside the shed and that in the open corral. It was concluded that housing had significant effects on the physiological responses and EE of sheep. Provision of housing at night was stressful during monsoon (with less rainfall) and summer, whereas it was protecting the sheep from acute cold during winter in a semi-arid region of India.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.407-412
• /
• 2008

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular risk factors for adult men (n=2976) and women (n=2442) who were over 19 years old, after excluding the HBsAg(+) or anti-HCV(+) patients and the men and women with increased alcohol intake (men: 40g/week, women: 20g/week). Results: Compared with the normal liver subjects, the nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects showed a significantly increased frequency of abnormal systolic blood pressure (${geq}120mmHg$), fasting blood sugar (${\geq}100mg/dL$), total cholesterol ($({\geq}200 mg/dL$), triglyceride ($({\geq}150mg/dL$), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (<40 mg/dL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol ($({\geq}130g\; m/dL$) and abdominal obesity in men, and all these measures were significantly increased in the women except for abnormal HDL cholesterol. After adjusting for the body mass index, age, smoking, exercise and a nonalcoholic liver, the odds ratios of an abnormal waist hip ratio were 1.35(95% Confidence Interval=1.05-4.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.61 (1.19-2.18) in the moderate fatty liver, 2.77(1.57-4.92) in the severe fatty liver compared with a normal liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal fasting blood sugar were 1.26(1.03-1.53) in the mild fatty liver, 1.62(1.27-2.06) in the moderate fatty Iiver and 1.77(1.12-2.78) in the severe fatty liver. The adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.38(1.11-1.72) in the mild fatty liver, 1.73(0.33-2.24) in the moderate fatty liver and 1.91 (1.17-3.10) in the severe fatty liver of men. Adjusted odds ratios for abnormal triglyceride were 1.50(1.04-2.15) in mild, 1.71(1.07-2.68) in moderate, 1.81(0.69-4.38) in severe fatty liver of women. Conclusions: The nonalcoholic fatty liver subjects had more cardiovascular risk factors compared with the normal liver subjects. Thus, prevention and treatment of the nonalcoholic fatty liver is necessary by lifestyle modifications such as restriction of alcohol intake, no smoking, exercise and adequate eating habits.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제32권3호
• /
• pp.261-270
• /
• 2009

2007년 7월 1일부터 2008년 4월 30일까지 10개월간 대학병원에 내원한 1,969명의 CC촬영건수 3,900건에 대한 유방 압박($13{\sim}15\;daN$)시 두께와 평균 유선 선량(AGD)의 관계를 분석 해본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 전체 3,900건에 대해 연령 40대와 50대가 전체의 68.69%로 2.679건이었다. 2. 초점/필터 물질별 분포를 보면 41.0%가 Mo/Mo이었고, 34.8%는 Mo/Rh, 24.2%는 Rh/Rh이었다. 3. 초점/필터 물질 별 유방 압박 두께는 Mo/Mo 시 평균 두께 26.9 mm이며, Mo/Rh 시 38.84 mm, Rh/Rh시 48.80 mm로 전체 건수에 대한 평균 두께는 36.27 mm로 나타났다. 4. 초점/필터 물질에 따른 평균 유선 선량(AGD)은 Mo/Mo 시 평균 1.27 mGy, Mo/Rh 시 1.55 mGy, Rh/Rh 시 1.42 mGy로 전체 건수에 대한 평균 유선 선량의 평균은 1.43 mGy로 나타났다. 5. Mo/Mo 시 유방 압박 두께에 따른 평균 유선 선량의 관계는 y = 0.0318x + 0.470이며, Mo/Rh에서는 y = 0.0206x + 0.709, Rh/Rh에서는 y = 0.0248x + 0.335로 유방 압박 두께에 따라서 영향을 많이 받지만, 특히 Mo/Mo 시 유방 두께에 따라서 변화가 컸다.