• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.1239-1247
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• 2020

Sedum kamtschaticum Fisch., a native plant of Korea, has been used in Korean traditional medicine in the form of water extract for its capacity to improve blood circulation and for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Since previous research suggests that S. kamtschaticum Fisch. has excellent antioxidant and mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activities, in this study, the root and stem parts of S. kamtschaticum Fisch. are extracted in 70% ethanol (SKS, SKR), fractionated with and in order of n-hexane (SSH), ethyl acetate (SSE, SRE), chloroform (SSC, SRC) and water (SSW, SRW) according to the polarity of each solvent, and tested for its applicability as a cosmetic material. According to the total polyphenol, flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging activity of each fraction, the contents and scavenging activity of the root extractions (SKR) were higher than those of the stem extractions (SKS), ethyl acetate fractions (SSE, SRE) being the most effective. In addition, ethyl acetate fractions had the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin synthesis inhibition activity used on B16F10 melanoma cells, at the concentration of 10 ㎍/mL. HPLC analysis detected a variety of polyphenols including gallic acid and quercetin. This study suggests the potential role of S. kamtschaticum Fisch. as a natural cosmeceutical material.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.188-196
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• 2009

This study conducted numerical simulations to analyze the wave characteristics(distribution) depending on the directional changes of waves in the Nakdong river estuary by using SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore) model. The results from the tests are summarized as below. The wave height rates are generally highly distributed with the incident waves from the S, SSE, SSW, SE, SW in sequence. When the waves from the S, SSW, SSE directions are predominant, the bigger waves were observed in front of sandbars. According to the results of the wave steepness against the wave direction, at the east coast of Gadeok island(northwest of Nakdong estuary), where has mild seabed slopes, the wave height rates distribute in the range of 0.4~0.6; the wave height rates over the west coastal region of Dadeapo(southeast of Nakdong estuary) are 0.5~0.6. The wave height rate tends to be rapidly decreased over the east region of Nakdong river estuary rather than its west region.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.139-150
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• 2024

Purpose : Scapular dyskinesis, it have been shown to be common in overhead athletes and has been associated with RC muscle strength. Posterior shoulder tightness (PST) has been suggested as an important factor causing scapular dyskinesis. Therefore, rehabilitation programs should focus on a posterior shoulder stretch combined with scapular stabilization exercise (PSSE) intervention. Determine the effects of posterior shoulder stretch combined with scapular stabilization exercise on the rotator cuff (RC) muscles strength, functional strength ratio (FSR), range of motion (ROM), and pain. Methods : 30 adolescent baseball players participated and subjects were allocated PSSE group (n=15) or the SSE group (n=15). Both group performed a 6-weeks intervention and measured of isokinetic peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) of concentric external rotator (CER), eccentric external rotator (EER), concentric internal rotator (CIR), eccentric internal rotator (EIR), FSR, ROM, and pain. Results : After 6 weeks PSSE, significant increase CER PT/BW (+6.02±4.76 %), EER PT/BW (+5.39±4.22 %), EER to CIR ratio (+.17±.16), and internal rotation ROM (+15.08±3.57 °). Whereas, significant decrease EIR to CER ratio (-.14±.18), external rotation ROM (-12.00±6.94 °), and GIRD (-17.41±2.84 °) compared with pre-intervention. No significant difference of isokinetic PT/BW of CIR and EER post-intervention. In the SSE group showed no significant difference all measurements for isokinetic PT/BW, FSR, and ROM post-intervention. The pain was significant improve both PSSE group (-3.25±1.60) and SSE group (-2.83±1.85) post-intervention. Conclusion : Both the PSSE and SSE interventions led to more pain relief. However, only the PSSE group showed ROM, CER, EER PT/BW, and FSR improvements. These results might suggest that the PSSE intervention is a more effective program for improving RC muscle strength and balance, in particular, concentric and eccentric ER muscle strength, FSR and can expect to prevent shoulder injuries in adolescent baseball players with scapular dyskinesis.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.165-174
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• 1996

Using the comparison principle and inequalities we obtain some results on boundedness and stabilities of solutions of the nonlinear functional differential equation $y^{\prime}=f(t,y)+g(t,y,Ty)$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.421-432
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• 2017

In this study, we examined the suitability of ten disinfection models for predicting the inactivation of Artemia sp. via single or combined physical and chemical treatments. The effect of Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) on the inactivation of Artemia sp. was examined experimentally. Disinfection models were fitted to the experimental data by using the GInaFiT plug-in for Microsoft Excel. The inactivation model were evaluated on the basis of RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), SSE (mean Sum Square Error) and $r^2$. An inactivation model with the lowest RMSE, SSE and $r^2$ close to 1 was considered the best. The Weibull+Tail model was found to be the most appropriate for predicting the inactivation of Artemia sp. via electrolytic treatment and electrolytic-ultrasonic combined treatment. The Log-linear+Tail model was the most appropriate for modeling inactivation via homogenization and combined electrolytic-homogenization treatment. The double Weibull disinfection model was the most suitable for the predicting inactivation via ultrasonic treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.970-976
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• 2004

In this paper, we analyze channel estimation algorithms in a RAKE receiver with MRC. There are 3 popular channel estimation algorithms, which are WMSA(Weighted Multi-Slot Averaging) algorithm, EGE(Equal Gain Estimation) algorithm, SSE(Symbol-to-Symbol Estimation) algorithm. We analyze asynchronous IMT-2000(3GPP) which employ 3 different channel estimation algorithms by HP-ADS(Advanced Design System) simulation tool. We used lakes fading channel model for the analysis. from simulation results, we could observe that the performance of WMSA algorithm is better than others in low Doppler effect(3Km/h). However, in the case of high Doppler effect(120km1h), the EGE algorithm is more efficient. In this case the simple estimator with EGE algorithm seems to be more useful.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.537-539
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• 2007

Telemetry processing system requires minimum bit transition level in data streams to maintain a bit synchronization while receiving telemetry signal. PN code has a capability of providing the bit transition and is widely used in the packet communication of CCSDS. CCSDS PN code that generator polynomial is $h(x)=x^{8}+x^{7}+x^{5}+x^{3}+1$, and the random bit sequence that is generated from this polynomial is repeated with the cycle of 255 bits. As the resolution of satellite image increases, the size and transmission rate of data increases. To process of huge and bulky size of satellite image, the speed of CCSDS PN Processing is very important. This paper introduces the way of improving the CCSDS PN Processing speed through processing 128 bits at one time using the feature of cyclic structure that repeats after first 255 bytes by grouping the random bit sequence with 1 byte and Intel Streaming SIMD Extensions 2. And this paper includes the comparison data of processing speed between SSE2-applied implementation and not-applied implementation, in addition, the measured value of speed improvement.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.628-649
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• 2017

Security and resource-saving are both demands of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. In this paper, we study the secrecy spectrum efficiency (SSE) and secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) of a K-tier massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) enabled heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet), in which artificial noise (AN) are employed for secrecy enhancement. Assuming (i) independent Poisson point process model for the locations of base stations (BSs) of each tier as well as that of eavesdroppers, (ii) zero-forcing precoding at the macrocell BSs (MBSs), and (iii) maximum average received power-based cell selection, the tractable lower bound expressions for SSE and SEE of massive MIMO enabled HetNets are derived. Then, the influences on secrecy oriented spectrum and energy efficiency performance caused by the power allocation for AN, transmit antenna number, number of users served by each MBS, and eavesdropper density are analyzed respectively. Moreover, the analysis accuracy is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.675-675
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• 2013

CIGS thin films have received a great attention as a promising material for solar cells due to their high absorption coefficient, appropriate bandgap, long-term stability, and low cost production. CIGS thin films have been deposited by various methods such as co-evaporation, sputtering, spray pyrolysis and electro-deposition. In this study, Cu(In,Ga)Se2(CIGS) thin films were prepared using a single quaternary target by rf magnetron sputtering. The effect of sulfurization on the structural, compositional and electrical properties of the films was examined in order to develop the deposition process. An optimal sulfurization process will be selected for the preparation of CIGS thin films with good structural, optical and electrical properties by applying various sulfurization processes. In addition, the electrical properties of CIGS thin films were investigated by post-deposition annealing process. The carrier concentration of CIG(SSe) thin films after sulfurization was increased from $10^{14}cm^{-3}$ to $10^{16}cm^{-3}$ and the resistivity was increased from 10 ${\Omega}cm$ to $10^3$ ${\Omega}cm$. It is confirmed that CIG(SSe) thin films prepared at optimal deposition condition have similar atomic ratio to the target value after sulfurization.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.115-120
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• 2008

Accurate predictions of software release times, and estimation of the reliability and availability of a software product require quantification of a critical element of the software testing process： Change-point problem. In this paper, exponential (Goel-Okumoto) model was reviewed, proposes the percentile change-point problem, which maked out efficiency application for software reliability. Algorithm to estimate the parameters used to maximum likelihood estimator and bisection method, model selection based on SSE statistics, for the sake of efficient model, was employed. Using NTDS data, The numerical example of percentilechange-point problemi s presented.