• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2013

Spermatogenesis is initiated from spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) that has an ability of self-renewal and unipotency to generate differentiating germ cells. The objective of this study is to develop the simple method for derivation of SSCs using non-sorting of both spermatogonia and feeder cells. Simply uncapsulated mouse testes were treated with enzymes followed by surgical mincing, and single cells were cultured in stempro-$34^{TM}$ cell culture media at $37^{\circ}C$. After 5 days of culture, aciniform of SSC colony was observed, and showed a strong alkaline phosphatase activity. Molecular characterization of mouse SSCs showed that most of the mouse SSC markers such as integrin ${\alpha}6$ and ${\beta}1$, CD9 and Stra8. In addition, pluripotency embryonic stem cell (ESC) marker Oct4 were expressed, however Sox2 expression was lowered. Interestingly, expression of SSC markers such as Vasa, Dazl and PLZF were stronger than mouse ESC (mESC). This data suggest that generated mouse SSCs (mSSCs) in this study has at least similar biomarkers expression to mESC and mSSCs derived from other study. Immunocytochemistry using whole mSSC colony also confirmed that mSSCs generated from this study expressed SSC specific biomarkers such as c-kit, Thy1, Vasa and Dazl. In conclusion, mSSCs from 5 days old mouse testes were successfully established without sorting of spermatogonia, and this cells expressed both mESC and SSC specific biomarkers. This simple derivation method for mSSCs may facilitate the study of spermatogenesis.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.563-568
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• 2008

In petroleum refining industry, caustic (NaOH) solution is used to remove $H_2S$ from hydrocarbon streams in naphtha cracking process. Once $H_2S$ is absorbed in caustic solution, the solution becomes known as spent sulfidic caustic (SSC), which contains high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and alkalinity. This study was focused on the evaluation of autotrophic denitrification by SSC in a hybrid Bardenpho process. SSC was injected to the anoxic (1) and anoxic (2) tank at different S/N ratio. In a previous lab-scale study, as we operated a modified Ludzack-Ettinger process, it was observed that the COD increment of effluent and nitrification failure happened because of non-biodegradable matters in SSC and high pH, respectively. Thus cilia media was packed at 2.4%(v/v) in all aerobic tanks and the pH of SSC was neutralized from 13.3 to 11.5 with addition of sulphuric acid ($H_2SO_4$). Consequently, these strategies were successful because no COD increment of effluent was observed and nitrification failure did not happen. The maximum TN removal efficiency was 77.5% when SSC was injected to both the anoxic (1) and anoxic (2) tanks. The mean TN concentration of effluent in this condition was 5.8 mg/L.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2004

Sea surface cooling (SSC) with the passage of typhoons is examined in the East Sea using the Japan Meteorological Agency buoy data $(37^{\circ}45'N,\;134^{\circ}23'E)$ during 1983-2000 and a three-dimensional primitive equation model (the Princeton Ocean Model). Forty typhoons in this period induced the SST decrease ranging from about $-0.5^{\circ}C\;to\;-4.3^{\circ}C.$ Intense SSC $(<-2^{\circ}C)$ occurs with typhoons that passed mainly through the left-hand side of the buoy station. The model is implemented to examine a physical process of SSC with a typical-track typhoon in the northwestern Pacific $(24^{\circ}N\;to\;52^{\circ}N).$ The model well reproduces prominent features in the observation and addresses how it happens; SSC is induced mainly by momentum mixing effect stirred with the typhoon rather than upwelling.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2009

Multipotent spermatogonial stem cells (mSSCs), derived from uni-potent SSC, are a type of reprogrammed cells with similar characteristics to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for transgenesis of mSSC derived from outbred mice and the production of transgenic animal by the mSSC-insertion into embryo. mSSCs, established from outbred mice (ICR strain) in the previous study, were maintained and then transfected with a lenti-viral vector expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP), CS-CDF-CG-PRE. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were derived from inbred transgenic mice (C57BL/6-Tg (CAG-EGFP)) and were used as an experimental control. Transfected mSSCs were well proliferated in vitro and maintained their characteristics and normal karyotype. Ten to twelve mSSCs and ESCs were collected and inserted into perivitelline space of 8-cell mouse embryos, and then transferred them into uteri of poster mothers after an additional 2-days of culture. Percentage of mSSC-derived offsprings was 4.8% (47/980) and which was lower than those (11.7% (67/572)) of ESC-derived ones (P<0.05). However, even though different genetic background of mSSC and ESC origin, the production efficiency of coat-colored chimeric offspring in mSSC group was not different when compared it with ESC (6.4% (3/47) vs. 7.5% (5/67)). From these results, we confirmed that mSSC derived from outbred mice has a pluripotency and a potential to produce chimeric embryos or mice when reaggregatation with mSSC is performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.161-161
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• 1998

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.473-479
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• 2018

Objective: The study was designed to perform a genome-wide association (GWA) and partitioning of genome using Illumina's PorcineSNP60 Beadchip in order to identify variants and determine the explained heritability for the total number of teats in Yorkshire pig. Methods: After screening with the following criteria: minor allele frequency, $MAF{\leq}0.01$; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, $HWE{\leq}0.000001$, a pair-wise genomic relationship matrix was produced using 42,953 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide mixed linear model-based association analysis (MLMA) was conducted. And for estimating the explained heritability with genome- or chromosome-wide SNPs the genetic relatedness estimation through maximum likelihood approach was used in our study. Results: The MLMA analysis and false discovery rate p-values identified three significant SNPs on two different chromosomes (rs81476910 and rs81405825 on SSC8; rs81332615 on SSC13) for total number of teats. Besides, we estimated that 30% of variance could be explained by all of the common SNPs on the autosomal chromosomes for the trait. The maximum amount of heritability obtained by partitioning the genome were $0.22{\pm}0.05$, $0.16{\pm}0.05$, $0.10{\pm}0.03$ and $0.08{\pm}0.03$ on SSC7, SSC13, SSC1, and SSC8, respectively. Of them, SSC7 explained the amount of estimated heritability along with a SNP (rs80805264) identified by genome-wide association studies at the empirical p value significance level of 2.35E-05 in our study. Interestingly, rs80805264 was found in a nearby quantitative trait loci (QTL) on SSC7 for the teat number trait as identified in a recent study. Moreover, all other significant SNPs were found within and/or close to some QTLs related to ovary weight, total number of born alive and age at puberty in pigs. Conclusion: The SNPs we identified unquestionably represent some of the important QTL regions as well as genes of interest in the genome for various physiological functions responsible for reproduction in pigs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.210-218
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• 2000

Since the SSC(soluble solid contents) and titratable acidity of fruit are highly concerned to the taste, the need for measuring them by non-destructive technology such as NIR(Visual and Near-infrared) spectroscopy is increasing. Specially, in order to grade the quality of each fruit with a sorter at sorting and packing facilities, technologies for online measurement satisfying the tolerance in terms of accuracy and speed should be developed. Many researches have been done to develop devices to measure the internal qualities of fruit such as SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. with the VIS(Visual)/NIR(Near Infrared) reflectance spectra. The distributions of the SSC, titratable acidity, firmness, etc. are different with respect to the position and depth of fruit, and generally the VIS/NIR light can interact with fruit in a few millimeters of pathlength, and it is very difficult to measure the qualities of inner flesh of fruit. Therefore, to measure the average concentrations of each quality factor such as SSC and titratable acidity with the reflectance-type NIR devices, the spectra of fruit at several positions should be measured. Recently, the interest about the transmittance-type VIS/NIR devices is increasing. NIR light can penetrate through the fruit about 1/10-1/1,000,000 %. Therefore, very intensive light source and very sensitive sensor should be adopted to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit. The ultimate purpose of this study was to develop a device to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear, peach, etc. With the transmittance-type VIS/NIR device, the feasibility of measurement of the SSC and titratable acidity in intact fruit cultivated in Korea was tested. The results are summarized as follows; A simple measurement device which can measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit was constructed with sample holder, two 500W-tungsten halogen lamps, a real-time spectrometer having a very sensitive CCD array sensor and optical fiber probe. With the device, it was possible to measure the transmitted light spectra of intact fruit such as apple, pear and peach. Main factors affecting the intensity of transmitted light spectra were the size of sample, the radiation intensity of light source and the integration time of the detector. Sample holder should be designed so that direct light leakage to the probe could be protected. Preprocessing method to the raw spectrum data significantly influenced the performance of the nondestructive measurement of SSC and titratable acidity of intact fruit. Representative results of PLS models in predicting the SSC of peach were SEP of 0.558 Brix% and R2 of 0.819, and those in predicting titratable acidity were SEP of 0.056% and R2 of 0.655.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.197.2-197
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• 2002

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.spc3
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• pp.399-408
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• 2003

The behavior of Suspended Sediment Concentrations (SSC) around a silt screen in a microtidal coastal area was hydrodynamically measured. The current speed at the mid-layer about 30m downstream of the screen reduces to about half that at the same distance upstream. It was caused by the contraction of the vertical section due to the screen. Even during a relatively weak storm period the SSC increases to that of the value caused by dredging. Section-averaged SSC at the downstream of the screen is higher by about 60% than that at the upstream, suggesting that the silt screen plays an adverse effect rather than a constructive role in the reduction of SSC generated by dredging.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.75 no.3
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• pp.111-115
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• 2013

Although the relationship between malignancy risk with systemic sclerosis (SSc) has been inconclusive, there are some previous studies for a positive correlation. Most patients with SSc have some degree of lung parenchymal involvement in the form of interstitial thickening and fibrosis. Interstitial lung disease is the most common pulmonary manifestation of SSc. Interstitial lung disease following chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin [FOLFOX]) is an uncommon life-threatening complication and it is induced by oxaliplatin. We report a case of multiple cancers in a patient with SSc and aggravated interstitial lung disease by chemotherapy.