• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.913-921
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• 2019

Objective: The objectives of this study were to compare identified informative regions through two genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches and determine the accuracy and bias of the direct genomic value (DGV) for milk production traits in Korean Holstein cattle, using two genomic prediction approaches: single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ss-GBLUP) and Bayesian Bayes-B. Methods: Records on production traits such as adjusted 305-day milk (MY305), fat (FY305), and protein (PY305) yields were collected from 265,271 first parity cows. After quality control, 50,765 single-nucleotide polymorphic genotypes were available for analysis. In GWAS for ss-GBLUP (ssGWAS) and Bayes-B (BayesGWAS), the proportion of genetic variance for each 1-Mb genomic window was calculated and used to identify informative genomic regions. Accuracy of the DGV was estimated by a five-fold cross-validation with random clustering. As a measure of accuracy for DGV, we also assessed the correlation between DGV and deregressed-estimated breeding value (DEBV). The bias of DGV for each method was obtained by determining regression coefficients. Results: A total of nine and five significant windows (1 Mb) were identified for MY305 using ssGWAS and BayesGWAS, respectively. Using ssGWAS and BayesGWAS, we also detected multiple significant regions for FY305 (12 and 7) and PY305 (14 and 2), respectively. Both single-step DGV and Bayes DGV also showed somewhat moderate accuracy ranges for MY305 (0.32 to 0.34), FY305 (0.37 to 0.39), and PY305 (0.35 to 0.36) traits, respectively. The mean biases of DGVs determined using the single-step and Bayesian methods were $1.50{\pm}0.21$ and $1.18{\pm}0.26$ for MY305, $1.75{\pm}0.33$ and $1.14{\pm}0.20$ for FY305, and $1.59{\pm}0.20$ and $1.14{\pm}0.15$ for PY305, respectively. Conclusion: From the bias perspective, we believe that genomic selection based on the application of Bayesian approaches would be more suitable than application of ss-GBLUP in Korean Holstein populations.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2005

To study the direct effect of somatostatin (SS) on calcium channel current ($I_{Ba}$) in guinea-pig gastric myocytes, $I_{Ba}$ was recorded by using whole-cell patch clamp technique in single smooth muscle cells. Nicardipine ($1{\mu}M$), a L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker, inhibited $I_{Ba}$ by $98{\pm}1.9$% (n=5), however $I_{Ba}$ was decreased in a reversible manner by application of SS. The peak $I_{Ba}$ at 0 mV were decreased to $95{\pm}1.5$, $92{\pm}1.9$, $82{\pm}4.0$, $66{\pm}5.8$, $10{\pm}2.9$% at $10^{-10}$, $10^{-9}$, $10^{-8}$, $10^{-7}$, $10^{-5}$ M of SS, respectively (n=3∼6; $mean{\pm}SEM$). The steady-state activation and inactivation curves of $I_{Ba}$ as a function of membrane potentials were well fitted by a Boltzmann equation. Voltage of half-activation ($V_{0.5}$) was $-12{\pm}0.5$ mV in control and $-11{\pm}1.9$ mV in SS treated groups (respectively, n=5). The same values of half-inactivation were $-35{\pm}1.4$ mV and $-35{\pm}1.9$ mV (respectively, n=5). There was no significant difference in activation and inactivation kinetics of $I_{Ba}$ by SS. Inhibitory effect of SS on $I_{Ba}$ was significantly reduced by either dialysis of intracellular solution with $GDP_{\beta}S$, a non-hydrolysable G protein inhibitor, or pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX). SS also decreased contraction of guinea-pig gastric antral smooth muscle. In conclusion, SS decreases voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel current ($VDCC_L$) via PTXsensitive signaling pathways in guinea-pig antral circular myocytes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.381-389
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• 2000

Lateral condensation with gutta-percha and sealer has been shown to provide an excellent apical seal; however, the lateral condensation technique has demonstrated less favorable apical leakage results in curved canals when compared with straight canals. Placement of endodontic spreaders to within 1 to 2mm of the root canal working length has been advocated for optimum gutta-percha obturation. Due to their stiffness, stainless-steel(SS) spreaders will often fail to achieve this position in curved canals. Newly marketed nickel-titanium(NT) spreaders may offer an advantage in this regard due to the increased flexibility of these instruments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of NT finger spreader on the sealing ability in lateral condensation technique, compared with conventional SS finger spreader. Twenty four standardized resin models simulating curved canals(30 degree) were randomly placed into 2 groups and instrumented to a #30 master apical file size with Ni-Ti Profile .04 taper series using step down technique. Each groups was obturated with standardized gutta-percha cone by standard lateral condensation technique using SS finger spreader, NT finger spreader. And then, each model was sectioned horizontally with microtome at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5mm levels from the apex. At each of 5 levels, ratio of the area of gutta-percha was obtained by calculating the area of gutta-percha to the total area of the canal. The data collected were then analyzed statistically using a t test for independent samples. The results as follows ; 1. The total mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 89.20${\pm}$7.00(%) for SS spreader group. 92.20${\pm}$5.17(%) for NT spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between each group(p<0.05). 2. At 3mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 88.32${\pm}$5.41(%) for SS spreader group, 95.25${\pm}$2.60(%) for NT spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between each group(p<0.05). At 1,2,4mm levels, NT spreader group showed greater mean ratio of area of gutta-percha than SS spreader group, too. But there was no statistically significant difference. 3. At 5mm level, the mean ratio of area of gutta-percha was 91.83${\pm}$3.42(%) for SS spreader group, 87.91${\pm}$3.68(%) for NT spreader group. There was statistically significant difference between each group(p<0.05). This study concluded that the NT spreader demonstrated somewhat favorable apical sealing effect than SS spreader in prepared curved canals. The clinical use of NT spreaders may enhance our ability to create better apical seals in curved canals, but further studies in this area will help clarify some of the remaining areas with which practitioners are concerned, such as compaction forces exerted by NT spreaders.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Schizonepeta Spica water extract (SS) on the OVA-induced BLAB/c mice allergic rhinitis model.Methods : Thirty two BALB/c mice were equally assigned to 4 groups; the sham group, the control group, the cetirizine hydrochloride (Cet) treatment group, and the SS treatment group. Sham group was sensitized and challenged with saline, and the other groups were sensitized and challenged with OVA. The dosage of SS was 7.6 mg /kg·day, and Cet was 10 mg/kg·day. Nasal rubbing and sneezing were measured by the behavior observation. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α and MIP-2 in the sera of allergic rhinitis model were measured by mouse cytokine/chemokine magnetic bead panel kits. Total IgE and OVA-specific IgE were measured by ELISA method. Epithelial thickness and eosinophil infiltration of nasal septum was investigated by histological examination.Results : The clinical symptoms that increased in control group were significantly reduced in SS-treated group. Serum total IgE and OVA-specific IgE in the SS-treated group were significantly reduced compared to the control group. The concentration of IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α and MIP-2 in SS-treated group showed a significant reduction compared to the control group. The infiltration of eosinophil into nasal tissues of SS-treated group decreased markedly compared to control group, and thickness of nasal septum in nasal mucosa showed a significant reduction compared to control group.Conclusions : According to the above result, it is suggested that SS may inhibit the early and late phase of allergic rhinitis reaction.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2003

수용성 절삭유에서 발생빈도가 높고 생존ㆍ성장력이 우수한 Pseudomonas aeruginosa를 사용하여 방청제가 방부제 (Kathon 886 MW, Triadine 3, Triadine 10 and Grotan BK)의 항균효능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험결과 방부제와 방청제를 함께 사용할 경우 방부제의 효능은 첨가되는 방청제에 의해 그 영향을 받았다. Kathon 886 MW 항균효능은 SS 510과 MEA를 각각 첨가하였을 때 증가하였다. Triadine 3, Triadine 10, Grotan BK는 사용된 방청제에 대해 유사한 경향의 향균효능을 보였는데, CP-105, CP-E-7, MEA에 대해서 상승효과를 보였다. 그리고 방청제 고유의 항균력을 비교해 본 결과, CP-E-7과 MEA는 bioresistant 하였으며, 다른 방청제 (CP-105, AMIDE, SS-510, TEA)는 biosupportive하였다. 방부제 고유의 항균력을 비교해본 결과, Triadine 10 ＜ Triadine 3 < Kathon 886 MW < Grotan BK 순으로 항균성이 좋게 나타났다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.250-255
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• 2007

Deinococcus radiodurans recA는 이 미생물의 방사선 저항성을 나타내는 표현형에 필수적이며 재조합성 DNA 수선 과정에 관여한다. 이 과정에서 RecA 단백질은DNA와 결합하여 반응의 활성 종인 RecA nucleoprotein 필라멘트를 형성한다. DNA-의존성 ATPase 활성과 함께, RecA 단배질의 외가닥 DNA 혹은 이중가닥 DNA와의 상호작용은 RecA 단백질이 관여하는 반응의 중심과정으로 이에 관한 분석을 시도하였다. D. radiodurans RecA 단배질은 DNA에 결합한 DNA-단백질 복합체만이 ATPase 활성을 나타내므로, ATP (혹은 dATP) 가수분해를 측정함으로써 RecA와 외가닥 DNA와의 상호작용 정도를 분석하였다. D. radiodurans RecA 단백질은 외가닥 DNA의 염기 구성의 이질성에 영향을 받았으며, homopolymer인 poly(dT)와의 상호작용에서 가장 높은 가수분해 활성을 보였다. Homopolymer인 합성 DNA-의존성 ATP 및 dATP의 가수분해는 pH 6.0과 9.0의 범위에서 다소 일정한속도로 일어났으며 최적 pH는 7.0과 7.5 사이였다. 외가닥 DNA-의존성 ATPase 활성은 염의 존재에 영향을 받아 KCl이 존재하면 다소 억제되나, K-glutamate가 존재하면 오히려 촉진되었다. RecA 단백질과 외가닥 DNA의 상호작용을 ATP 가수분해로 분석하였을 때 2 mM 이상의 magnesium 이온이 DNA 결합반응에 필요하였으며, 비교적 넓은 범위의 pH에서 외가닥 DNA와의 결합반응이 일어나며, 이러한 결합반응은 당량적인 비(1:3, RecA protein: DNA nucleotide)로 일어났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2014

본 연구는 일반 개량누룩 1종류(MN)와 시판되고 전통제조방식으로 제조된 4종류의 전통누룩(SH, SS, JJ, and SJ)을 구입하여 단양주를 제조하고 이들 단양주의 발효특성을 비교 분석하고자 하였다. 각 누룩으로 제조한 탁주의 pH는 담금 직후부터 24시간 까지 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 적정산도는 급격히 증가하였다. Maltose 함량은 담금 직후에는 0.49-2.68% (w/v)였고, glucose의 함량은 1.03-2.07% (w/v)으로 나타났다. T-SH와 T-SS의 ethanol 함량이 7일까지 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 전체적인 ethanol 의 함량은 12시간부터 ethanol의 함량이 증가하기 시작했으며, 발효 7일부터 21일까지 13.08-14.96% (w/v)로 유지되었다. 발효과정 중 유리아미노산 함량 분석 결과 glutamic acid, threonine, serine과 glycine 함량을 각각 T-JJ은 104.157, 42.855, 69.715, and 53.035 mg/100 g으로 가장 높았다. 탁주 유기산으로 lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, acetic acid가 주요 유기산으로 나타났으며 유기산총량은 T-SS, T-JJ 가 2286.21 mg/100 g, 1983.5 mg/100 g 순으로 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 총균수, 젖산균수, 효모 수 모두 시간이 지날수록 급격히 증가하다가 발효 1일에 감소하다 완만한 증가 후 발효가 끝나는 21일까지 점차 감소하는 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 관능검사결과 과일향은 T-SH, 단맛은 TSS, 신맛은 T-SS가 가장 높았으며 알코올향, 알코올맛, 쓴맛은 시료간 유의적으로 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 대체적으로 전통누룩으로 담근 탁주의 아미노산 함량과 유기산 함량이 개량누룩으로 담근 탁주의 아미노산 함량보다 높은 것으로 보아 전통누룩으로 담근 탁주의 다양성에 대한 잠재력을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 각 누룩들의 젖산균을 분리동정하였는데 분리된 균들은 대체적으로 Leuconostoc, Weissella, Pediococcus과 Lactobacillus속에 속하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2000

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Cheju horses. The blood protein types (biochemical polymorphism) were tested from 73 Cheju native horses (CNH) and 118 Cheju racehorses(CRH) by horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (HPAGE), isoelectric focusing (IEF) and starch gel electrophoresis (SGE). At the same time, their phenotypes and gene frequencies were studied. The biochemical polymorphism phenotypes observed with high frequency were A1B-KK(97.3%), ALB-AB(49.3%), AP-SS(100%), ES-II(30.1%), GC-FF(87.7%), HB-BIBI(49.3%), TF-F2R(41.1%), TF-EF2(8.2%), PGD-FF(97.3%), PGM-SS(50.7%), GPI-II(74.0%) in CNH, While A1B-KK(99.2%), ALB-BB(50.8%), AP-SS(99.2%), ES-II(42.4%), ES-IS(14.4%), GC-FF(95.8%), HBB-IB II(39.8%), TF-F2R(21.2%), PGD-FF(77.1%), PGD-SS(4.3%), PGM-SS(72.9%), GPI-II(90.7%) in CRH. Alleles observed with high frequency were $AlB^{K}$(0.986), $ALB^{B}$(0.616), $AP^{S}$(1.000), $ES^{I}$(0.479), $ES^{F}$(0.274), $GC^{F}$(0.938), $GPI^{I}$(0.856), $HB^{BI}$(0.685), $PGD^{F}$(0.993), $PGM^{S}$(0.753), $TF^{F2}$(0.404), $TF^{R}$(0.397) in CNH and $AlB^{K}$(0.996), $ALB^{B}$(0.720), $AP^{S}$(0.996), $ES^{I}$(0.661), $ES^{F}$(0.203), $GC^{F}$(0.979), $GPI^{I}$(0.936), $HB^{BI}$(0.534), $PGD^{F}$(0.864), $PGM^{S}$(0.852), $TF^{F2}$(0.428), $TF^{R}$(0.272) in CRH. $TF^{E}$(0.041) allele and silent gene($ES^{I{^*}}$ : 0.014) were observed in CNH. The mean heterozygosity in CNH and CRH was observed 0.2974 and 0.2864, respectively.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2005

도시지역은 불투수층 면적비율이 높아 작은 강우에도 초기유출(first flush)이 강하게 발생하고 유출되는 오염물질 농도도 높다. 도로유출수에는 미세입자물질, 중금속, 유기물질 성분을 다량 함유하고 있다. 도로유출수의 수질과 입자의 유출특성을 파악하고자 교통량이 비교적 많은 도로 2개 지점을 대상으로 총 6회의 강우시료를 채수하여 분석하였다. 2개 조사 지점에서 분석된 도로유출수 수질농도범위는 SS $45{\sim}2,396\;mg/L$, $COD_{Cr}\;40{\sim}931\;mg/L$, TKN $0.1{\sim}19.6\;mg/L$, TP $0.2{\sim}25.1\;mg/L$, Fe $0.33{\sim}8.15\;mg/L$, Cr $0.06{\sim}0.50\;mg/L$, Pb $0.06{\sim}0.97\;mg/L$, Cr $0.01{\sim}0.12\;mg/L$으로 조사되었다. 강우초기의 농도는 극단적으로 높은 특성을 나타내었다. 도로유출수 SS와 상관계수가 높은 수질항목으로는 $COD_{Cr}$, TP, Cu, Pb이고, 상관계수가 가장 낮은 항목으로는 TKN으로 분석되었다. 도로유출수의 입경을 분석한 결과 평균 f3경간의 범위는 $6.7{\sim}23.4\;{\mu}m$이고 90% 입경의 범위는 $36.2{\sim}105.2\;{\mu}m$로 분석되었다. 또한, 입경은 유출량에 비례적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 균등계수를 분석한 결과 평균범위는 $6.4{\sim}10.2$로 입경 분포범위가 크게 나타났다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2015년도 학술발표회
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• pp.403-403
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 강우시 도로지역에서 발생하는 비점오염물질 유출 및 수질특성을 살펴보고자 도로지역(국도 46호선)을 대상으로 총 16회의 강우사상에 대해 분석하였다. 모니터링 기간(2014년 5월~9월)동안 연구대상지역에는 3.2~80.3 mm의 강우가 발생하였으며, 강우강도는 0.39~11.29 mm/hr의 범위로 나타났다. 선행무강우일수는 0.3~20.1일이며, 총 유출량은 0.1~6.8 ㎥, 유출율은 0.24~0.85(평균 0.6)의 범위로 나타났다. 강우 모니터링 결과, 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC)는 TOC 4.9~56.2 mg/L(평균 18.0 mg/L), BOD 3.1~21.5 mg/L(평균 7.5 mg/L), COD 6.7~58.6 mg/L(평균 23.6 mg/L), SS 2.1~281.9 mg/L(평균 59.4 mg/L), T-N 1.07~13.46 mg/L(평균 4.89 mg/L) 그리고 T-P 0.065~0.680 mg/L(평균 0.23 mg/L)의 범위로 나타났으며, 강우계급별로 살펴보면 0~10 mm일 때 BOD 9.3 mg/L, COD 30.5 mg/L, SS 84.1 mg/L, T-N 5.42 mg/L, T-P 0.27 mg/L로, 10~30 mm일 때 BOD 6.6 mg/L, COD 22.0 mg/L, SS 29.0 mg/L, T-N 4.9 mg/L, T-P 0.20 mg/L로, 50 mm 이상의 강우에서는 BOD 3.6 mg/L, COD 7.1 mg/L, SS 46.4 mg/L, T-N 3.42 mg/L, T-P 0.10 mg/L로 강우계급별 EMC는 대부분 수질항목에 있어 10 mm 이하 계급의 평균 EMC가 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 그리고 각 강우사상에 대한 단위면적당 오염부하는 TOC 0.06~3.5 kg/ha, $BOD_5$ 0.03~1.6 kg/ha, CODMn 0.09~4.74 kg/ha, SS 0.09~35.99 kg/ha, T-N 0.012~2.600 kg/ha, T-P 0.001~0.062 kg/ha의 범위로 산정되었다. 도로지역은 불투수층 면적비율이 높아 누적강우량 10 mm 이하에서도 유출이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 작은 강우에도 초기유출이 발생하고 유출되는 오염물질 농도가 높은 경향을 나타내었다.