• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.88-103
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of oriental diagnosis and treatment for dysmenorrhea patients on lower abdominal temperature and Skin Resistance Variability(SRV). Methods: We studied twenty-five dysmenorrhea patients, who visited Oriental Medicine Hospital of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University for 10 months(Sep. 2011~Jun. 2012). Patients with organic disease such as endometriosis, uterine myoma and pelvic inflammatory disease were excluded from this study. We prescribed 3 types of treatments, herbal medicine, acupuncture, and moxibustion, for one menstrual cycle. Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI), 7-Zone-Diagnostic System(CP-6000A), VAS(Visual analog scale) and MVRS(Multidimensional verbal rating scale) were conducted before and after the treatment. The result of DITI, 7-Zone-Diagnostic System, VAS and MVRS before and after treatment were compared in order to objectively assess the therapeutic effect. Results: When we compared the results of DITI, CV4 temperature after treatment was increased compared with that of before, and temperature difference between CV12 and CV4 after treatment was decreased compared with that of before. But there was no significant difference. When we compared the results of 7-Zone-Diagnostic System at 1st and 2nd trial, the height of 1~5 area was lower than that of before. And at 1st and 2nd trial, the height of 6, 7 area was higher than that of before, but there were no significant difference in most. When we compared the results of VAS and MVRS, VAS and MVRS after treatment was significantly decreased compared with that of before(p<0.01). Conclusions: This study shows that oriental diagnosis and treatment for dysmenorrhea patients affects the results of DITI. Further study will be needed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 디스플레이 광소자분야
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• pp.142-145
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• 2004

In this work, we have investigated the application of rapid thermal processing (RTP) and plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) for surface passivation. Rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) has sufficiently low surface recombination velocities (SRV) $S_{eff}$ in spite of a thin oxides and short process time. The effective lifetime is increasing with an increase of the oxide thickness. In the same oxide thickness, The effective lifetime is independent on the process temperature and time. $S_{eff,max}$ is exponentially decreased with increasing oxide thickness. $S_{eff,max}$ can be reduced to 200 cm/s with only 10 nm oxide thickness. On the other hand, three different types of SiN are reviewed. SiN1 layer has a thickness of about 72 nm and a refractive index of 2.8. Also, The SiN1 has a high passivation quality. The effective lifetime and SRV of 1 $\Omega$ cm Float zone (FZ) silicon deposited with SiN1 is about 800 s and under 10 cm/s, respectively. The SiN2 is optimized for the use as an antireflection layer since a refractive index of 2.3. The SiN3 is almost amorphous silicon caused by less contents of N2 from total process. The effective lifetime on the FZ 1 ${\Omega}cm$ is over 1000 ${\mu}s$.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.210-218
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• 2010

TTCN-3(Testing & Test Control Notation Version 3)은 2001년 ETSI에서 표준화한 국제 표준 테스트 언어이다. TTCN-3은 프로토콜 적합성 시험에 일반적으로 사용하고, 특정 부분의 모듈이나, CORBA 기반의 플랫폼 및 API 시험 등에 적용이 가능하다. 또한 적합성 시험뿐만 아니라 연동 시험, 반복 시험, 플랫폼 시험 등의 다양한 시험에 적용이 가능하다. IEC61850 은 SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) 시스템에서 SAS(Substation Automation System)를 위해 제안된 프로토콜이다. 본 논문에서는 TTCN-3 적합성 시험 언어를 이용하여 IEC 61850 상호 연동성 시험기를 Windows 환경에서 구현하였다. SUT(System Under Test)로는 리눅스 운영체제 기반의 IEC61850 Server Simulator를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서 시험한 적합성 시험 항목은 "IEC61850 - Part10" 문서의 테스트 항목들 중 "Server, Logical device, Logical node, and data model"의 Positive test case_Srv5 항목을 시험하였다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

The friction-reducing properties of lubricants containing ionic liquids based on ammonium dithiocarbamate are studied. The ionic liquids are produced through the following two steps: the synthesis of sodium alkyl dithiocarbamates via the substitution reaction of dialkylamine and carbon disulfide and their subsequent conversion into ammonium dithiocarbamate-based ionic liquids through an ion-exchange reaction with a quaternary alkyl ammonium halide salt. The structures of the ionic liquids are characterized by NMR spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The isolated yields of the ionic liquids, which are viscous and pale yellow, are approximately 92%. The Brookfield viscosities and pour points of the ionic liquids are determined. Further, their wear resistances are measured through the four-ball wear test and the Schwingung Reibung Ver-schleiss (oscillation, friction, wear) test. The wear scar diameter of the lubricants containing 1 wt of the quaternary alkyl ammonium dithiocarbamate-based ionic liquids (0.475-0.631 mm) is significantly lower than that of the base oil (0.825 mm), proving that the ammonium dithiocarbamate-based ionic liquids have good friction-reducing characteristics. However, these friction-reducing characteristics fade significantly after long-term storage, owing to the degradation of the ionic liquids.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.46-54
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• 1993

In order to develop a fuel-efficient gasoline engine oil, an experimental study was conducted using an engine dynamometer, a passenger car and the SRV machine. Oil samples with different viscosity were prepared by adding several friction modifiers to select the best one and also to investigate the effect of the viscosity grade. From the study, we have developed engine oils which result in good fuel economy. The viscosity grade of 7.5W/30 was best among the oils investigated with respect to fuel economy and a fatty amine type friction modifier had the good fuel-economy property.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1992

Wear experiments were conducted using the SRV machine on the lubricated conditions of the several temperature and load. Oil samples were prepared by adding several friction modifiers into both paraffinic base oil and engine oil. Friction and wear characteristics of the oils were determined and are discussed in connection with the friction modifiers contained, the testing temperature and the load applied. From the study, it was found the MoDTC and the MoDTP, added into the engine oil, caused drastic increase in wear and had a tendendy to lose the friction-reducing property on some specific conditions of temperature and/or load, though they had the good property on other conditions. Ashless friction modifiers and dispersed $MoS_2$ investigated showed the good friction-reducing property, but the loads, where they became active, were different.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.210-218
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• 1998

The ATO(Automatic Train Operation) System is used for train operation instead of drivers. It is interfaced with TCMS(Train Control and Monitoring System) and ATC/TWC system in the train and wayside facilities. In this paper describes configuration of ATO, specification of ATO hardware, construction of ATO software and the algorithm fur automatic train speed regulation in the carborn ATO system. ATO Application Software is consist of ART, SPR, REG, SRV and PSM tasks. ART task is main control part of the ATO that determine ATO control, ATO mode, state transition. SPR determine speed reference according to train motion status, track data, train data and restricted train speed. REG task regulated train speed form the starting of one station to the precision stop at the other station under the result of ART and SPR tasks. In this paper, a algorithm for the train speed regulation while running is described.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.434-443
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• 2023

세계적으로 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 리튬 그리스의 대체 물질로서 calcium sulfonate 그리스를 합성하여 성능을 개선하였다. Calcium sulfonate 그리스의 저온성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 PAO (poly alpha olefin) 기반의 기유와 증주제를 도입하였다. 본 연구에서는 파라핀 오일과 PAO 기반의 기유와 증주제로 calcium sulfonate 그리스 3종을 합성하였으며, PAO 기반의 기유와 수산화 리튬, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, sebacic acid의 비누화 반응으로 리튬 그리스 1종을 합성하였다. 합성한 calcium sulfonate 그리스 3종과 리튬 그리스의 형태, 미세 구조 및 작용기는 SEM 및 FT-IR로 분석하였다. 저온 특성은 rheometer, low temperature torque로 측정하였고, 트라이볼로지 특성은 four ball lubricant tester, SRV로 측정하였다. 그 결과, PAO 기반의 기유와 증주제로 합성된 calcium sulfonate 그리스는 -40℃에서도 유동할 수 있었으며, 기존 calcium sulfonate 그리스의 저온 특성의 한계점을 극복하였다. 또한 합성한 calcium sulfonate 그리스는 PAO 기유로 합성된 리튬 그리스보다 우수한 내마모성, 내하중성, 마찰계수, 내열성, 점착성 및 내부식성을 보였으므로 상업적으로 기존의 리튬 그리스를 대체할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.349-350
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• 2002

The friction and wear behaviors of fluorine-containing compounds such as perfluoropolyethers (PFPE), phosphazenes (X-1P), ionic liquids as lubricants for steel/seel, steel/ceramic, ceramic/ceramic were investigated using a SRV tester and a one-way reciprocating friction tester both in ball-on-disc configuration. It was found that the three fluorine-containing lubricants could reduce friction coefficient and wear volume effectively. The effectiveness of the three lubricants in reducing wear volume could be ranked as ionic liquids>X-1P>PFPE. Tests also showed that aryloxyphosphazene with polar substituent as a lubricant of steel/steel pair gave low wear, while aryloxyphosphazene with nonpolar group on the phenyl pendant led to high wear. The morphology and the tribo-chemical reaction of the worn surfaces were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS). XPS analyses illustrated the formation of iron fluoride in steel/steel system with the lubrication of both phosphazenes and ionic liquids.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2003년도 학술대회지
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• pp.164-180
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• 2003

A series of cooperative interlaboratory tests (round robins) was conducted in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 by the DIN 51834 Working Group on Tribological Tests in Translatory Oscillation Apparatus. The statistical analysis of these test results shows the influence of cleaning solvent, machine model and evaluation criteria on the tribological properties of the lubricants tested. Coefficients of friction and wear results are ranked according to the effects of ten different cleaning solvents, where isopropanol gave the lowest values and isoparaffin solvents the highest. The effect of machine model on coefficients of friction varied from about $0.2\%\;to\;0.9\%$ of the mean. Wear results were not affected. The tests also showed that the seizure criteria and methods of measuring wear required for in the test procedure do not provide a suitable measure of the tribological properties of some lubricants. The precision was Improved by introducing a grease apply caliper as well as an increased stroke to 1,5 mm and running-in. The temperature does not affect the precision of the oil test procedure.