• 천문학회보
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.76.2-76.2
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• 2013

SPICA(SPace Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics) is an infrared space observatory with cooled telescope of 3 m aperture. Because of its large aperture, near- and mid-infrared instruments onboard SPICA require fine guidance with attitude accuracy less than 0.1 arcsecond. The FPC-G is a focal plane camera to achieve this high attitude accuracy and KASI is leading its development. The SPICA project is now under the Risk Mitigation Phase 2 (RMP2) and one of major risks is to satisfy the requirement of pointing and attitude control. To assess the impacts of disturbance sources on the attitude control and devise methods to mitigate possible risks, a software simulator of the FPC-G is under the development. In this presentation, we report the status of development of the simulator and the development plan during the RMP2.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.82.1-82.1
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• 2013

The SPICA (SPace Infrared Telescope for Cosmology & Astrophysics) project is a next-generation infrared space telescope optimized for mid- and far-infrared observation with a cryogenically cooled 3m-class telescope. Owing to unprecedented sensitivity and high spatial resolution, the focal plane instruments are expected to perform the confusion-limited observation. The SPICA will challenge to reveal many astronomical key issues from the star-formation history of the universe to the planetary formation. The Korean 5contribution to SPICA as an international collaboration is the development of the near-infrared instrument, FPC (Focal Plane Camera). The Korean consortium for FPC proposed a key system instrument for the purpose of a fine guiding (FPC-G) complementing the AOCS (Attitude and Orbit Control System). The back-up instrument of FPC-G, FPC-S will be responsible for the scientific observations as well. Through the international review process, we have revised the scientific programs and made the feasibility study for the fine guiding system. Here, we report the current status of SPICA/FPC project.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2017

This paper reviews the requirements for far-infrared astronomy in the period following the SPICA satellite in the late 2020's. We take a very long view of the state of FIR astronomy and what facilities will be required in a twenty year timeframe. We show that spatial resolution to match that of observatories operating in the optical and mid-infrared and the radio will be a necessity. Moreover this high spatial resolution must be combined with high spectral and photometric sensitivity to provide the data required to further our understanding of planetary formation mechanisms, the history of star formation through cosmic time and the feedback between active galactic nuclei and their host galaxies in controlling star formation. We review three possible conceptual mission scenarios and comment on the possibility of realising them in the coming deades.

• 천문학논총
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.251-255
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• 2017

Submillimetre and millimetre-wave surveys with Herschel and the South Pole Telescope have revolutionised the discovery of strong gravitational lenses. Their follow-ups have been greatly facilitated by the multi-wavelength supplementary data in the survey fields. The forthcoming Euclid optical/near-infrared space telescope will also detect strong gravitational lenses in large numbers, and orbital constraints are likely to require placing its deep survey at the North Ecliptic Pole (the natural deep field for a wide class of ground-based and space-based observatories including AKARI, JWST and SPICA). In this paper I review the current status of the multi-wavelength survey coverage in the NEP, and discuss the prospects for the detection of strong gravitational lenses in forthcoming or proposed facilities such as Euclid, FIRSPEX and SPICA.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the in vitro inhibitory effects of heat-clearing medicinal on common bacterias in gynecology. Methods : The heat-clearing medicinals ( Trichosanthis Radix, Sophorae Fructus, Phragmitis Rhizoma, Buddleiae Flos, Bambusae Folium, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Celosiae Semen, Gardeniae Fructus, Prunellae Spica, Sophorae Radix, Dictamni Radicis Cortex, Coptidis Rhizoma, Gentianae Scabrae Radix, Scutellariae Radix, Phellodendri Cortex) were used in this study. Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, Candida albicans and Gardnerella vaginalis were used for vaginal pathogenic microorganisms. Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli HB101, Lactobacillus gasseri were used for normal vaginal florae. We evaluated antibiotic effect by the optical density and the colony test. Results : The optical density and colony test showed that Celosiae Semen, Prunellae Spica, Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Cortex of herbs among heat-clearing medicinal had antimircobial effect. Celosiae Semen and Prunellae Spica had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in MRSA. Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Cortex had antimicrobial susceptibility and selective toxicity in Gardnerella vaginalis. Conclusion : According to the above results, we could suggest that Celosiae Semen, Prunellae Spica, Scutellariae Radix and Phellodendri Cortex among heat-clearing medicinal be available to antimicrobial agent of vaginal pathogenic microbial species in vitro.

• 천문학회보
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.73.2-73.2
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• 2012

The far ultraviolet (FUV) wavelength (900-1750A) range includes a wealth of important astrophysical information related to the cooling of hot gas, fluorescent emission from H2 molecules, and starlight scattered off dust particles. Among these, we would like to focus on the scattered emission of the central star by dust with the example of the FUV halo surrounding ${\alpha}$ Vir (Spica). While scattering properties of dust have been studied with the GALEX data, the improved dataset of STSAT-1 revealed many detailed structures of this interesting region. For example, the FUV continuum map obtained from the STSAT-1 observations shows enhanced emission in the southern part of the Spica halo region, where the dust level is also high. In fact, the FUV continuum intensity is seen to have a good correlation with the IRAS 100${\mu}m$ emission data. It is also seen that the scattered spectrum is softer than the original one emitted by the central star, which is attributed to the increase in the dust-scattering albedo with wavelength. We have developed a Monte Carlo code that simulates dust scattering of light including multiple encounters. The code is applied to the present Spica halo region to obtain the scattering properties such as the albedo and the phase function asymmetry factor.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2016

Prunellae Spica, the herbaceous plant in the genus Prunella, is a traditional herbal medicine and has been reported to have diuretic, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant effects. However, the mechanism of its action was not clearly identified. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effect of Prunellae Spica extract (PSE) against the damage of mitochondria and death in hepatocyte induced by oxidative stress. Treatment of arachidonic acid (AA)+iron significantly induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in the hepatocytes. However, PSE protected cells and inhibited apoptosis by altering the protein levels such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and pro-caspase 3. Moreover, AA+iron induced reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction, and Both of them were inhibited by PSE treatment. PSE markedly activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important regulator in cell survival. Furthermore, this activation by PSE was mediated with liver kinase B1, a major upstream kinase that phosphorylates Thr 172 of AMPKα, and this activation was associated with its cell protection, as assessed by an experiment of a chemical inhibitor. In conclusion, this study demonstrate that PSE protects hepatocytes against oxidative stress as mediated with activation of LKB1-dependent AMPK pathway.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.43-57
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• 1997

It was claimed that the herbal medicine with the function of strengthening the body resistance exerts to enhance the immunity. And the medicine with the effect of eliminating the pathogenic factor is stated to inhibit the immune response. To evaluate the the effects of the herbal medicine on the immune response, the mice were administrated with the herbal medicine for 2 weeks. And the responses were analyzed. As the result, water extract of Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Semen Coicis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae, and Radix Sophorae increased the ROI production, while Radix Tripterygia inhibited it. Phagocytic activity was increased after administration of Radix Astragal, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae and Radix Sophorae. NK cell activity was also significantly inhibited by Radix Tripterygia. Administration of Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Herba Ecliptae, Spica Prunellae and Semen Coicis enhanced the antibodies(hemagglutinin and hemolysin) formation and the appearance of rosette forming cells of the spleen, while Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia decreased it. Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia also decreased the allogenic immune response and mixed-lymphocyte reaction. And all the experimental herbs decreased contact hypersensitivity against dinitroflurobenzene. These results show Radix Astragali, Fructus Psoraleae, Spica Prunellae, Cortex Acanthopanacis, Semen Coicis and Herba Ecliptae enhanced innate immunity, humoral and cellular immune responses. However Radix Sophorae and Radix Tripterygia exert imunosuppressive action. Also these results indicate that the medicine with the action of the strengthening the body resistance enhances the immunity. And the the some of drugs belonging to the eliminating the pathogenic factor also increase the immune responses.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.599-607
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• 2009

Prunellae Spica is the spike or whole plant of Prunella vulgaris Linne, which has been used for clearing heat from the liver, brightening the eyes and treating headache in traditional oriental medicines. This study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the aqueous extract of Prunellae Spica (PSE; PS extract) on the production of NO and PGE2 in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay, and all three doses of PS extract (0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml) had no significant cytotoxicity during the entire experimental period. The cells were treated with 1 ${\mu}g/ml$ of LPS 1 h before adding PS extract, and increased NO and PGE2 production were detected in LPS-activated cells compared to control. However, these increases were dose-dependently attenuated by treatment with PS extract. The inhibition of NO by PS extract was due to the suppression of iNOS expression via inhibition of $NF{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation and proteolytic degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$. The decreased level of PGE2 was derived from inhibition of COX-2 activity, but expression of COX-2 protein was not affected by PS extract. Moreover, PS extract reduced the elevated production of IL-${\beta}$ and IL-6 by LPS. These results demonstrate that PS extract has inhibitory effects on the production of NO and PGE2 as a consequence of the reduction of proinflammatory cytokines, especially IL-${\beta}$ and IL-6 in LPS-activated Raw 264.7 cells.

• 천문학회보
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.76-76
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• 2011

The SPICA (SPace Infrared Telescope for Cosmology & Astrophysics) project is a next-generation astronomical mission optimized for mid- and far-infrared observation with a cryogenically cooled 3m-class telescope. Due to its high angular resolution and unprecedented sensitivity, SPICA will enable us to resolve many key issues from the star-formation history of the universe to the planetary formation. As an international collaboration, KASI proposed the near-infrared instrument which is composed of two parts; (1) science observation with the capability of imaging and spectroscopy covering $0.7{\mu}m$ to $5{\mu}m$ (FPC-S) (2) fine guiding to stabilize and improve the attitude (FPC-G). Here, we present the current status of SPICA/FPC.