• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.669-680
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• 2017

This study evaluated the consistency of the standard flow to forecast low-flow based on various drought indices. The data used in this study were streamflow data at the Gurye2 station located in the Seomjin River and the Angang station located in the Hyeongsan River, as well as rainfall data of nearby weather stations (Namwon and Pohang). Using streamflow data, the streamflow accumulation drought index (SADI) was developed in this study to represent the hydrological drought condition. For SADI calculations, the threshold of drought was determined by a Change-Point analysis of the flow pattern and a reduction factor was estimated based on the kernel density function. Standardized runoff index (SRI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI) were also calculated to compared with the SADI. SRI and SPI were calculated for the 30-, 90-, 180-, and 270-day period and then an ROC curve analysis was performed to determine the appropriate time-period which has the highest consistency with the standard flow. The result of ROC curve analysis indicated that for the Seomjin River-Gurye2 station SADI_C3, SRI30, SADI_C1, SADI_C2, and SPI90 were confirmed in oder of having high consistency with standard flow under the attention stage and for the Hyeongsan River-Angang station, SADI_C3, SADI_C1, SPI270, SRI30, and SADI_C2 have order of high consistency with standard flow under the attention stage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.642-646
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• 2004

시스템 패킷 인터페이스 4레벨 2단계(System Packet Interface Leve1 4 Phase 2)는 10Gbps 이더넷 응용뿐만 아니라, OC-192 대역폭의 ATM 및 POS를 통한 패킷 또는 셀 전송을 위한 물리계층과 링크계층 소자간의 인터페이스이다. 본 논문에서는 시스템 패킷 인터페이스 4레벨 2단계(SPI-4.2)에 대한 연구와 C언어를 이용한 성능평가를 토대로 모듈을 VHDL언어를 이용하여 설계하였다. 성능평가시 확인된 짧은 패킷이 유입되었을 때 PCW와 다음 PCW의 거리를 16바이트 이상을 유지하기 위해 ICW가 삽입되어 많은 오버헤드를 발생시켰다. 작은 패킷이 유입되었을 때 오버헤드를 최소화하기 위해 ICW생성을 최대한 제한하게 설계하여 짧은 패킷 유입시의 오버헤드를 감소하는 SPI-4.2 인터페이스 수신부 모듈을 설계하였다. 설계한 모듈은 라인당 720Mbps를 지원하여 총 대역폭이 11.52Gb/s의 전송률을 나타내어 더욱 안정적으로 패킷을 인터페이스 할 수 있다. XilinxISE 5.1i 툴을 이용하여 VHDL언어로 설계하였고, Model_SIM 5.6a를 이용하여 시뮬레이션 하였다. SPI-4.2 인터페이스 모듈은 기가비트/테라비트 라우터, 광학 크로스바 스위치 및 SONET/SDH 기반의 수신 시스템에서 라인카드로 사용할 경우 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1-9
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• 2022

A correlation analysis was performed to investigate differences in the response of surface water and groundwater to drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Water level data of 20 agricultural reservoirs, 4 dams, 2 rivers, and 8 groundwater observation wells were used for the analysis. SPI was calculated using precipitation data measured at a nearby meteorological station. The water storage of reservoirs and dams decreased significantly as they responded sensitively to the drought from 2014 to 2016, showing high correlation with SPI of the relatively long accumulation period (AP). The responses of rivers varied greatly depending on the presence of an upstream dam. The water level in rivers connected to an upstream dam was predominantly influenced by the dam discharge, resulting in very weak correlation with SPI. On the contrary, the rivers without dam exhibited a sharp water level rise in response to precipitation, showing higher correlation with SPI of a short-term AP. Unlike dams and reservoirs, the responses of groundwater levels to precipitation were very short-lived, and they did not show high correlation with SPI during the long-term drought. In drought years, the rise of groundwater level in the rainy season was small, and the lowered water level in the dry season did not proceed any further and was maintained at almost the same as that of other normal years. Conclusively, it is confirmed that groundwater is likely to persist longer than surface water even in the long-term drought years.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.319-324
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• 1996

The functional properties of protein recovered from red crab (Chitinonecetes opiiie) processing in water (RCP) were examined and compared with those of soybean protein isolate at pH 2~10 in water and NaCl solu5ion. The solubilities of RCP and SPI were miniumu at pH 4, the isoelectric point and increased significantly at lower or higher than pH 4. Solubilities in NaCl solution for both proteins decreased with incr NaCl concentration increase at all pH ranges. Emulsion capacity for both proteins was also minimum at pH 4 and increased as protein concentration increased from 2 to 6%. Emulsion capacity of RCP was higher than these of SPI at pH 6∼10 and all protein concentrations. Emulsion stability showed a similar trend to that of emulsion capacity. RCP had higher oft absorption capacity and lower water absorption capacity than SPI.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.460-464
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• 2005

In order to produce functional soy hydrolysates, we investigated the characteristics of soy hydrolysates prepared with 4 kinds of commercial proteases. The yield was high in protease(B), in which 43.2% soy flour and 61.6% SPI were obtained. The solubility and the contents of total phenolic compound were greatly increased by the treatment of protease(B) along with protease(C). The calcium intolerance was improved after the protease(B) treatment in soy flour or Soybean Protein isolate (SPI). Consideration for the physicochemical characteristics including yield, protease(B) has potential application for the production of soy hydrolysates. After the protease treatment, the beany flavor of soy flour became weak and the bitter taste was strong in both soy flour and SPI. However, there was no difference of beany flavor and bitter taste among delete protease hydrolysates. Nevertheless, further modifications and improvements to the sensory characteristics would be required for the development of a range of products with the hydrolysate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.400-400
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• 2021

다양한 기후 연구에서는 지속적인 기후의 변화로 인한 기후 위기는 전지구적으로 아열대화와 사막화를 전망하고 있으며, 우리나라도 기후 변화로 인하여 담수 자원에 악영향을 미치고 있다. 대부분 가뭄은 기본적으로 강수량 부족에 의해 발생되며, 기상변수와 높은 상관관계를 나타내고 있다. 따라서 가뭄을 정량화하기 위한 연구들이 빈번하게 수행되며 다양한 가뭄지수들이 개발되고 있다. 기상학적 가뭄지수인 SPI(Standardized Precipitation Index)와 SPEI(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index)는 가뭄 연구에 대표적으로 사용되는 지표이며 특히, SPEI는 강수와 증발산 사이의 물수지에 대한 평균 조건을 고려할 수 있는 것이 장점이다. 미래 가뭄 연구는 CMIP(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)의 미래 시나리오를 이용하여 연구가 수행되고 있는데 새롭게 개발된 SSP(Shared Socioeconomic Pathways) 시나리오는 미래의 완화와 적응을 기반으로 5개의 시나리오로 구분되며, 사회 및 경제적 요소를 함께 내포하고 있어 현실적인 미래 기후를 예측할 수 있다. 과거 미래 가뭄 연구는 CMIP5의 미래 시나리오인 RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 시나리오를 사용한 연구가 대부분이다. 따라서 새롭게 개발된 SSP 시나리오를 이용하여 미래 가뭄 예측 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 SSP 시나리오의 중간 단계인 SSP2-4.5와 가장 높은 단계인 SSP5-8.5의 기후 요소를 토대로 사용하여 우리나라 미래 기간의 SPI와 SPEI를 4개(3-, 6-, 9-, 12-month)의 기간으로 구분하여 산정하였다. 시·공간적 분석을 하기 위해 가까운 미래(2025-2060)와 먼 미래(2065-2100)로 구분하였으며, 격자별로 가뭄의 심도와 발생 면적을 분석하였다. 연구 결과로 SPI의 근 미래 극한 가뭄(<-2.0)은 높았으나, 먼 미래는 오히려 전국적으로 가뭄이 줄어들었다. SPEI는 일부 지역에서 적당한 건조상태(-1.5 ~ -1.0)가 산정되었으나, 대부분 극한 가뭄이 발생하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.289-289
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• 2022

최근 기후변화의 영향으로 인해 가뭄과 같은 자연재해의 발생빈도가 증가하고 있다. 가뭄은 지속 기간이 길고 정량적인 피해 규모 및 심도 파악이 어려우며, 사회, 경제적 피해와 함께 농업 시스템 전반에 심각한 영향을 줄 수 있는 재해이다. 국내 가뭄 발생 경향은 2000년 이후 급증하고 있으며, 2015년 및 2017년의 경우 이례적인 극심한 가뭄이 발생하는 등 2000년 이전과는 다른 경향을 보이고 있다. 따라서, 미래 기후변화에 따른 국내 가뭄 발생에 대비하기 위해서는 장기적인 가뭄 전망이 요구된다. CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6)에 의해 개발된 공통사회경제경로 SSP (Shared Socio-economic Pathways) 시나리오는 사회 및 경제적 요소를 내포하여 미래의 완화 및 적응 기반 기후변화 시나리오로 정의된다. 본 연구에서는 SSP 시나리오를 활용하여 미래 강수자료를 구축하여 기상학적 가뭄지수, SPI (Standaridzed Precipitation Index)를 산정하고 가뭄 특성을 분석하고자 한다. 강수자료의 경우 국내 ASOS (Automated Synoptic Observing System) 기상관측소 기준 56개소를 대상으로 1973년부터 2021년까지 49개년 자료를 수집하였으며, SSP 시나리오와 SPI를 활용하여 국내 지역을 대상으로 미래 기후변화에 따른 가뭄 전망을 수행하고자 한다. SPI는 시간척도에 따라 3개월, 6개월, 9개월, 12개월 시간척도를 적용하고, SSP 시나리오의 경우 SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, SSP5-8.5 시나리오를 적용하여 미래 기후변화 시나리오별 가뭄을 분석하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.499-505
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• 1987

The functional properties of lupin seed protein concentrate (LPC) were examined and compared to those of soybean protein isolate (SPI) and Na-caseinate. LPC-50, of which protein level was 50%, was prepared by a two phase solvent (hexane: alcohol: water= 10:7:3) extraction method. LPC-70 was made from LPC-50 by removing the fractions solubilized by carbohydrate decomposing enzymes. The solubilities of LPC-50 and LPC-70 were similar to that of of SPI but slightly higher at pH 4-5, and less susceptible to the added salt. The apparent viscosity of LPC increased exponentially as the concentration increased over 6% level, and the change was similar to that of Na-caseinate. LPC showed strong pseudoplastic non-Newtonean flow behavior, which was similar to that of SPI The emulsifying capasity of LPC-70 was similar to that of SPI when salt was added. The foaming capacity of LPC was comparable to that of SPI. LPC showed high oil and water absorption capacities, which increased as the protein level was elevated. LPC-70 showed the highest oil absorption capacity of all the samples tested.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.177-182
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• 1994

The effect of phosphate salt (NafHP04) and sodium citrate on the emulsion stability of soy protein isolate (SPI) in the presence of calcium was investigated in terms of salt concentration and addition order. Both phosphate and citrate salts decreased the solubility of SPI despite their pH enhancing effects. Addition of calcium chloride (CaCl2) significantly decreased ES, which showed nearly negligible at more than 3 mM CaCl2 concentration. When Na2HP04 were added in the presence of 5 mM Cac12, 55 greatly increased up to 20mM concentration, above which however ES decreased. It was found that the addition order of Na2HPO4 and CaCl2 affected ES. The addition of phosphate and subsequent CaCl2 exhibited the higher 55 than the reverse order. In both cases, the overall ES profile was found to be nearly similar to the solubility profile of SPI, indicating the positive relationship between solubility and emulsion stability of SPI in the presence of calcium. Similar trend to the phosphate effect on ES was also observed for sodium citrate in the presence of calcium.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of spirulina (SPI) and asthaxanthin (AST) on growth performance and antioxidant activity in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in low temperature season. Total 180 fish ($27.8{\pm}0.3g$, average weight ${\pm}S.D.$) were randomly divided into 12 groups, and 3 groups were fed one of four isonitrogenous (52% CP) and isocaloric $(18.3\;MJ\;kg^{-1})$ diets containing no SPI and AST, 0.5% SPI, 0.5% AST, and 0.5% each SPI and AST (designated by diets Control, SPI, AST and SPI+AST, respectively). After 6 weeks of feeding trial, the growth performance, feed utilization, whole body composition and survival of fish were not significantly affected by the experimental diets. There were no significant differences in hematocrit, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase of fish fed all the experimental diets. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay indicated numerically increased antioxidant activity in liver of fish fed the SPI diet compared to that of fish fed the control diet, even though it was not significant. The present study shows that a low level (0.5%) of dietary supplementation of SPI and/or AST does not affect growth and feed utilization and intake of juvenile olive flounder in low temperature season.