• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.299-304
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• 2004

To investigate the presence of infectious agents in human atherosclerotic arterial tissues. Atherosclerotic plaques were removed from 128 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy or other bypass proce­dures for occlusive disease, and from twenty normal arterial wall samples, obtained from transplant donors with no history of diabetes, hypertension, smoking, or hyperlipidemia. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-PCR, these samples were analyzed for the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, cytomegalovirus, enterovirus, adenovirus, herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2, and Epstein-Barr virus. The amplicons were then sequenced, and phylogenetic analyses were per­formed. Enteroviral RNA was found in 22 of 128 atherosclerotic vascular lesions $(17.2\%),$ and C. pneu­moniae and cytomegalovirus were each found in 2 samples $(1.6\%).$ In contrast, adenovirus, herpes simplex viruses, and Epstein-Barr virus were not identified in any of the atherosclerotic samples. Enterovirus was detected in 6/24 $(25.0\%)$ aortas, 7/33 $(21.2\%)$ carotid arteries, 6/40 $(15.0\%)$ femoral arteries, and 3/31 $(9.7\%)$ radial arteries of patients with chronic renal failure. There were no infectious agents detected in any of the control specimens. Using phylogenetic analysis, the enterovirus isolates were clustered into 3 groups, arranged as echovirus 9 and coxsackieviruses Bl and B3. Enteroviral RNA was detected in $17.2\%$ of atherosclerotic plaques, but was not observed in any of the control spec­imens. This suggests a connection between enteroviral infection and atherosclerosis. These findings dif­fer from those of other studies, which found more frequent incidence of C. pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus infection in atherosclerotic plaques.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2005

In this paper we implement a headphone-based 5.1 channel 3-dimensional (3D) sound generation system using HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function). Each mono sound source in the 5.1 channel signal is localized on its virtual location by binaural filtering with corresponding HRTFs, and reverberation effect is added for spatialization. To reduce the computational burden, we reduce the number of taps in the HRTF impulse response and model the early reverberation effect with several tens of impulses extracted from the whole impulse sequences. We modified the spectrum of HRTF by weighing the difference of front-back spec01m to reduce the front-back confusion caused by non-individualized HRTF DB. In informal listening test we can confirm that the implemented 3D sound system generates live and rich 3D sound compared with simple stereo or 2 channel down mixing.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.717-722
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• 2004

A design was done, and all characteristic of photodetectr of the web pattern type which a standard process of the Bipolar which Si PIN structure was used in this paper, and was used for the current amplifier design was used, and high-speed, was used as receiving optcal area of high altitude, and the module which had a low dark current characteristic was implemented with one chip with a base. Important area decreases an area of Ie at the time of this in order to consider an electrical characteristic and economy than the existing receiving IC, and performance of a product and confidence are got done in incense. First of all, the receiving IC which a spec, pattern of a wafer to he satisfied with the following electrical optical characteristic that produced receiving IC of 5V and structure are determined, and did one-chip is made. On the other hand, the time when AR layer of double is $Si_{3}N_{4}/SiO_{2}=1500/1800$ has an optical reflectivity of less than $10{\%}$ on an incidence optical wavelength of 660 ,and, in case of photo detector which reverse voltage made with 1.8V runs in 1.65V, an error about a change of thickness is very the thickness that can be improved surely. And, as for the optical current characteristic, about 5 times increases had the optical current with 274nA in 55nA when Pc was -27dBm. A BJT process is used, and receiving IC running electricity suitable for low voltage and an optical characteristic in minimum 1.8V with a base with two phases is made with one chip. IC of low voltage operates in 1.8V and 3.0V at the same time, and optical link receiving IC is going to be implemented

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.6
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• pp.149-157
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• 2016

For the Korean fashion industry to become more competitive, not only does it need to develop a higher value-added fashion products, but also needs to raise creative and professional talented people. The purpose of this study is to propose ways to develop new curriculum for education in the fashion design field by analyzing the degree of recognition about the importance of curriculum in fashion design. Based on the curriculums of fashion design field of universities, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire to measure the degree of importance and the degree of application for the curriculum of fashion design field. The study gathered data from 235 students from 6 universities in Seoul. Major conclusions of the study are as follows: First, preferred career courses after graduation were fashion designer for woman's or menswear, patterner. Second, clothing construction field is considered to be the most important subject in the present, while material planning field is considered to become the most important in the future. The fashion design field was evaluated as an important field in the present and the future. Third, fashion design, accessory design, fashion design CAD, fashion illustration were evaluated as important subjects and highly available for career. Fourth, fashion design CAD, fashion illustration, and textile design were evaluated as the courses that needed more emphasis. Flat sketch, spec sheet, on-the-job training were needed to be included. Fashion designer, and patterner were preferred for career courses. Clothing construction, material planning, and fashion design were evaluated as important fields. Accessory design, fashion design CAD, and fashion illustration were evaluated as important and highly available subjects for career. For the new curriculum in the fashion design field, more courses on fashion design CAD, fashion illustration, textile design and on-the-job training are needed.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.1058-1061
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• 2004

Recently, According to companies of TFT LCD are making large sized products more and more. In the vortex of Products with a monitor and LCD TV is applied in a technique of a high viewing angle(FFS, IPS, VA). Also, as a high luminance, high speed response time, high degree of a color purity, and so on are continuing to develop a high performance, it is necessary to improve a specific character of high luminance that apply to LCD TV as a LCD BLU. Because a LCD panel for TV usually has a lower resolution that compare to a monitor, the structure of present backlight system can't put out its power even though it has a merit in transmission. Therefore, the examination of improvement about the high luminance direct typed BLU for LCD TV that presupposes several uses of CCFL(Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp) or EEFL(External Electrode Fluorescent Lamp)is actively being progressed. Although it is necessary to increase the number of lamps for applying high performance by the direct type, in this case, because we can design the character of luminance for adoption of high performance. We can satisfy with a level of luminance for LCD TV. Accordingly, we analyzed a change of the number of CCFL, mechanical and optical character to produce the direct typed backlight in 32inches spec. Consequently, we achieved luminance of 6597nit,which was including polarization film, and secured the standard for LCD TV.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1992

Thermal behavior of residue and damaged layer formed by reactive ion etching (RIE) in $CHF_3/C_2F_6$ were investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and secondary ion mass spec-trometry(SIMS) techniques. Decomposition of polymer residue film begins at $200^{\circ}C$ and above $400^{\circ}C$ carbon compound as graphite mainly forms by in-situ resistive heating. It reveals that thermal decomposition of residue can be completed by rapid thermal anneal treatment above $800^{\circ}C$ under nitrogen atmosphere and out-diffusion of carbon and fluorine of damaged layer is observed.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.53-62
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• 2011

Objectives : Burn is most common adverse events of moxibustion. Various kinds of components influence on the heat stimulation of commercial indirect moxa, but there are not enough investigation about the status. The purpose of this study is to investigate the 6 components to build a base data that is currently available to build a standard of an indirect moxibustion. Methods : The length and weight, density, thickness of the paper disk, diameter of the paper disk, and diameter in the paper disk hole were measured against 6 kinds of commercial indirect cautery. Results : 1. 'Seoam', 'Kihwang' and 'Taegeuk' shows uniform length than the other brands. 2. 'Dongbang', 'Kihwang' and 'Taegeuk' shows uniform weight than the other brands. 3. 'Dongbang', 'Kihwang' and 'Taegeuk' shows uniform density than the other brands. 4. 'Dongbang' and 'Kihwang' shows uniform thickness than the other brands. 5. 'Seoam', 'Dongbang' and 'Taegeuk' shows uniform diameter of disc hole than the other brands. Conclusions : As a result of investigation, 'Dongbang' and 'Kiwhang' indirect moxibustion was identified as a uniform product. This results are considered as an important base materials of the KS through commercial indirect moxibustion.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.140-148
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• 1994

RCI 318-8!4 recommends that when the specified cornpresslve strength of concrete In a column is greater than 1.4 times thdt spec~f~ed for a floor svsttm. top surface of the colunm concrete shall extend 2ft(600mm) into the slab from the face of colurnn to avoid unexpected brittle failure. Six test specimens were cast arid tested on 2/3 scale frame specmiens havlng different extension distances and compressive strength of concrete as the major variables. The paper discusses the performance of the frames in terms of ductility and also presents the assessment of the ACI 318-89 provisions.The test results showed that the ductility index were incrrased with increasing of compressive strength of concrete and extension distance. And top surface of the column concrete should extend 2h(h overall depth of beam) into the beam from the face of the column to avoid unexpected brittle failure in frame.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.128-136
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new cache structure for effective error correction of soft error. We added check bit and SEEB(soft error evaluation block) to evaluate the status of cache line. The SEEB stores result of parity check into the two-bit shit register and set the check bit to '1' when parity check fails twice in the same cache line. In this case the line where parity check fails twice is treated as a vulnerable to soft error. When the data is filled into the cache, the new replacement algorithm is suggested that it can only use the valid block determined by SEEB. This structure prohibits the vulnerable line from being used and contributes to efficient use of cache by the reuse of line where parity check fails only once can be reused. We tried to minimize the side effect of the proposed cache and the experimental results, using SPEC2000 benchmark, showed 3% degradation in hit rate, 15% timing overhead because of parity logic and 2.7% area overhead. But it can be considered as trivial for SEEB because almost tolerant design inevitably adopt this parity method even if there are some overhead. And if only parity logic is used then it can have $5%{\sim}10%$ advantage than ECC logic. By using this proposed cache, the system will be protected from the threat of soft error in cache and the hit rate can be maintained to the level without soft error in the cache.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1399-1404
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• 2012

Because satellites operate in space, it is impossible to repair them when they malfunction. Therefore, to ensure the normal function of the payload used in the satellites, accurate assembly and installation of parts are crucial. To prevent abnormal functioning in the extreme environments during launch and in space, it is essential to test changes at the parts and system levels by performing alignment measurement before and after the launch environment test and the space environment test. Recently, noncontact three-dimensional precision machinery for medium- and large-sized parts has been developed. One of these is the theodolite measurement system, which is widely used in the aerospace industry. This study measures the angle of the dual thruster module that is used to control the attitude of KOMPSAT by using a theodolite, and alignment measurement and a reliability analysis are performed.